SUMMARY Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and decreased reflexes due to upper and lower motor neurons death. It can be present in both sexes (55-65 years), but with predominance in males. However, in female patients, ALS presents its first symptoms when they are already postmenopausal, when then the incidence ratio of the disease is practically equal between the sexes, which leads to a probable involvement of sex hormones in the development and protection against ALS. The aim of this systematic review, which used the PRISMA consensus and NOS (New Castle-Ottawa Scale) score, was to evaluate the evidence of the action of hormone therapy in women with ALS. The Medline and Cochrane databases were accessed from March 2019 to June 2019, and only full-text articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were included. Only four articles matched our inclusion criteria. Postmenopausal women who used exogenous estrogen did not have the same protective factor as women still under the action of endogenous estrogen in the same age group. There was also no increase in the survival of these women.

Con el objetivo de obtener información epidemiológica de rebaños bovinos de raza Carora y mestizajes de Cebuínos con Pardo Suizo y Holstein infestados en condiciones naturales y estratificados en cuatro grupos etarios, mediante el empleo de antihelmínticos sobre la prevalencia y las cargas parasitarias expresadas en número de huevos de estróngilos digestivos por gramo de heces (HPG), se efectuó el presente estudio en cuatro fincas en la zona ganadera de Tucaras, estado Falcón, Venezuela. Durante el período de mayo a noviembre 2002 se analizaron (Técnica de Mc Master) 190 muestras de heces mensualmente. Las muestras se estatificaron en cuatro grupo erarios: 1) Becerros: 0 a 6 meses, 2) Mautes: 7 a 12 meses, 3) Novillas: 13 a 24 meses y 4) Adultos: mas de 25 meses. En cada finca se calculo la: prevalencia de infección con estróngilos digestivos y sus cargas parasitarias. Los valores de prevalencia fueron: finca 1 (n= 68) 37,7%; finca 2 (n= 27) 31,1%; finca 3 (n= 32) 45,8% y finca 4 (n= 63) 50,4%. Las cargas parasitarias (HPG promedio o abundancia) fueron por grupo erario, respectivamente: finca 1 (251,0; 64,5; 47,7; 20,0), finca 2 (124,4; 224,4; 63,0; 23,1), finca 3 (327,0; 289,0; 13,9; 59,7), finca 4 (362,5; 107,0; 32,0; 39,9). Sólo en la Finca 2, las mayores cargas parasitarias se presentaron en el grupo etario 2. Se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar la prevalencia promedio en la finca 1. La comparación de los valores de carga parasitaria entre meses de muestreo, entre fincas, entre grupos etarios y con los niveles de prevalencia, arrojaron diferencias significativas en las cuatro fincas.

The aim of the present study was to gather epidemiological data in bovine herds of the Carora breed and crossings of Brahman, Holstein and Brown Swiss naturally infected. Animals were set out in four age groups to obtain information about management and anthelmintic control on prevalence and parasitic burdens expressed in eggs per feces gram number (EPG). This study was carried out in four ranches in Falcon state, Venezuela. Between May and November 2002, 190 monthly feces samples were analyzed by McMaster coprological technique. In each ranch, sampling was stratified in four groups according to age, as: 1) Calves: 0 to 6 months old, 2) “Maute”: 7 to 12 months old, 3) Heifers: 13 to 24 moths old and 4) Adults: older than 25 months old. The prevalence values were 37.7% (n=68), 31.1% (n=27), 45.8% (n=32), and 50.4% (n=63) for ranches 1, 2, 3. and 4, respectively. Prevalence and parasitic burdens were assessed. The parasitic burdens (average HPG or abundance) for each age group, respectively, were: Ranch 1 (251.0; 64.5; 47.7; 20.0), Ranch 2 (124.4; 224.4; 63.0; 23.1), Ranch 3 (327.0; 289.0; 13.9; 59.7), Ranch 4 (362.5; 107.0; 32.0; 39.9). Higher parasite loads were only found in ranch 2 in age group 2. Ranch 1 prevalence showed statistical differences when compared to the other ranches. Parasitic burdens were significant among months of sampling, among ranches, among age group and prevalence.