Resumo Introdução O SARS-CoV-2, responsável pela pandemia de COVID-19, apresenta alta transmissibilidade, principalmente por gotículas respiratórias de pessoas sintomáticas, aperto de mãos ou objetos e superfícies contaminadas, o que eleva a importância da adoção de medidas de redução da transmissibilidade no coletivo. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização de medidas preventivas contra SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19. Método Estudo transversal, tipo Web Survey, realizado em Passo Fundo, RS. Coleta de dados on-line com indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais, avaliando aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, comportamento e conhecimento sobre o vírus. Desfecho definido como realização de no mínimo oito de nove medidas recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estatística descritiva, cálculo de prevalência e razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas. Resultados Amostra com 920 participantes, 68% de prevalência do desfecho, associada a mulheres (RP = 1,26; IC = 1,10-1,45), idosos (RP = 1,50; IC = 1,43-1,58), indivíduos que trabalham (RP = 1,09; IC=1,07-1,11), profissionais/estudantes da saúde (RP = 1,12; IC = 1,07-1,17), com 4 ou mais pessoas no domicílio (RP = 0,84; IC = 0,75-0,94) e medo da contaminação (RP = 1,20; IC = 1,17-1,22), do grupo de risco (RP = 0,94; IC = 0,91-0,96), com sinais/sintomas na última semana (RP = 0,83; IC = 0,72-0,96), não fumantes (RP = 1,10; IC = 1,01-1,20) e com conhecimento sobre sinais/sintomas (RP = 1,04; IC = 1,03-1,05), quando procurar atendimento (RP = 1,07; IC = 1,06-1,08) e formas de transmissão (RP = 1,03; IC = 1,00-1,06). Frequência de medidas preventivas variou de 98,5% (evitar aglomerações) a 60,9% (não compartilhar objetos de uso pessoal). Conclusão Mais da metade aderiu às medidas de prevenção, que podem ser reforçadas especialmente entre jovens, homens, do grupo de risco e com conhecimento insuficiente sobre a doença.

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has high transmissibility, mainly through respiratory droplets from symptomatic people, hand shaking or contaminated objects and surfaces, which raises the importance of adopting measures to reduce transmissibility among individuals in community. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19. Method This is a Web Survey, cross-sectional study carried out in Passo Fundo, RS. Online data collection with individuals 18 years old or more. Outcome defined as performance of at least eight out of nine measures recommended by the Ministry of Health. Calculation of prevalence, gross and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results Sample of 920 participants, with 68% prevalence of the outcome, associated with women (PR = 1.26; C I= 1.10-1.45), elderly (PR = 1.50; CI=1.43-1.58), working individuals (PR = 1.09; CI = 1.07-1.11), health professionals / students (PR = 1.12; CI = 1.07-1.17), with 4 or more people in the household (PR = 0.84; CI = 0.75-0.94) and fear of contamination (PR = 1.20; CI = 1.17-1.22), belonging to the risk group (PR = 0.94; CI=0.91-0.96), with signs / symptoms in the last week (PR = 0.83; CI =0 .72-0.96), non-smokers (PR = 1.10; CI = 1.01-1.20) and, with knowledge about signs / symptoms (PR = 1.04; CI = 1.03-1.05), when seeking care (PR = 1.07 ; CI = 1.06-1.08) and forms of transmission (PR = 1.03; CI = 1.00-1.06). The frequency of preventive measures ranged from 98.5% (avoiding crowds) to 60.9% (not sharing personal items). Conclusion More than half have adhered to preventive measures, which can be strengthened especially among youth, men, the group at risk and with insufficient knowledge of the disease.

Introduction: ensuring the population's accessibility to a healthy diet requires addressing the conformation and monitoring of the value of a healthy food basket and the differential prices of foods following nutritional quality. Objectives: to design a healthy food basket (HFB) consistent with the recommendations given by Argentina's dietary guidelines (GAPA). The specific objectives were to define a nutritional quality index for foods and beverages, the composition of HFB by food group, assess values, and compare the prices and nutritional quality of foods available in local markets. Methods: the methodological framework was based on GAPA and the concept of nutritional density. To define the Nutritional Density Index (NDI) of food, 9 essential nutrients (proteins, fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, Vitamins A, C and B9), 3 critical nutrients (sugars, sodium and saturated fatty acids), the starch content, and the recommended intakes of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) were considered. Specifications were prepared on quantities, variety and qualities of food for the HFB, according to the food group. The prices were registered in shops in the City Centre (CABA) and neighboring municipalities of Buenos Aires. Results: when applying the NDI to a set of 320 foods and beverages consumed by the Argentine population, they were classified into three tertiles of quality. The resulting order is consistent with the recommendations of GAPA. The value of the HFB was $ 3759.- monthly (March 2018) for the reference unit of 2000 kcal. When comparing nutrient densities and food prices, starchy vegetables, eggs and legumes are the categories with the best nutritional quality / price ratio. The foods of better nutritional quality have a price of $ 14.- per 100 kcal and those of minimum quality $ 4.5.- Discussion: the HFB and NDI are tools to guide and evaluate policies that promote a better diet quality.

Introducción: asegurar la asequibilidad de la población a una alimentación saludable requiere abordar la conformación y el seguimiento del valor de una canasta saludable de alimentos y de los precios diferenciales de alimentos según calidad nutricional. Objetivos: diseñar una canasta saludable de alimentos (CSA) que resulte consistente con las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina (GAPA). Los objetivos específicos son la definición de un índice de calidad nutricional de alimentos y bebidas, la conformación de la CSA por grupos de alimentos, su valoración económica, y comparar la calidad nutricional y los precios de alimentos disponibles en el mercado. Metodología: el marco metodológico se basó en las GAPA y el concepto de densidad nutricional. Para definir el Índice de densidad nutricional (IDN) de alimentos se consideraron 9 nutrientes esenciales (proteínas, fibra, calcio, hierro, zinc, potasio, Vitaminas A, C y B9), 3 nutrientes críticos (azúcares, sodio y ácidos grasos saturados), el contenido de almidón, y las ingestas recomendadas del Institute of Medicine (IOM). Se elaboraron especificaciones sobre cantidades, variedad y calidades de alimentos para la CSA según grupo de alimentos. Los precios fueron registrados en comercios de la Ciudad y partidos aledaños de Buenos Aires. Resultados: al aplicar el IDN a un conjunto de 320 alimentos y bebidas consumidos por la población argentina, se los clasificó en tres terciles de calidad. El ordenamiento resultante es consistente con las recomendaciones de las GAPA. El valor de la CSA fue de $ 3759.- mensuales (marzo 2018) para la unidad de referencia de 2000 kcal. Al comparar las densidades de nutrientes y precios de los alimentos, hortalizas feculentas, huevo y legumbres son las categorías con mejor relación calidad nutricional/precio. Los alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional tienen un precio de $ 14.- por 100 kcal y los de calidad mínima $ 4,5.- Discusión: la CSA y el IDN son herramientas para orientar y evaluar políticas que promuevan una mejor calidad de dieta.

Resumo Fundamento: O escore é um instrumento eficaz na avaliação da adesão de usuários de anticoagulante oral e na manutenção do RNI (razão normalizada internacional) na faixa terapêutica segundo recomendações americanas e europeias. Objetivo: Construir um escore de adesão aos usuários de Anticoagulante Oral para a manutenção na faixa terapêutica. Métodos: Estudo analítico, observacional, transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado em hospital público especializado em cardiologia. Foram avaliados 607 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Consideram-se as variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância menor que 5% na análise exploratória ou que foram apreciadas de relevância clínica e submetidas a um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. A acurácia preditiva do modelo foi determinada pelo C statistic. Resultados: As variáveis com nível de significância menor que 5% na análise multivariada: escolaridade, renda familiar, uso inadequado, interação medicamentosa, procedimentos invasivos, interações alimentar, atividade física, condições clínicas, outros fatores e complicações próprias do uso do anticoagulante oral. Foram identificadas variáveis prognósticas: renda familiar, uso inadequado, procedimento invasivo, interação medicamentosa, hábitos alimentares, condições clínicas, outros fatores (estresse, emagrecimento, perda de peso). O C Statistic para o Escore de Adesão foi de 0,94. Conclusão: O escore de adesão Simonetti mostrou-se de aplicabilidade fácil e exequível, com alto valor preditivo mediante os fatores intervenientes, facilitando a melhoria da adesão e manutenção do RNI na faixa ideal. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background: The score is an effective instrument for the assessment of treatment adherence in users of oral anticoagulants and maintenance of INR (international normalized ratio) within the therapeutic range. Objective: To develop an adherence score for oral anticoagulant users for the maintenance of INR within the therapeutic range. Methods: This was an analytical, observational, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, conducted in a public cardiology hospital. A total of 607 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Variables with a significance level of 5% in the exploratory analysis and considered clinically relevant were included and subjected to a multiple logistic regression model. Predictive accuracy of the model was determined using the C statistic. Results: The variables with a significance level of 5% in the multivariate analysis were: education, family income, inadequate use of medications, drug-drug interactions, invasive procedures, food-drug interactions, physical activity, medical conditions, other factors, and complications related to oral anticoagulant therapy. The following prognostic variables were identified: family income, inadequate use of medications, invasive procedures, drug-drug interactions, dietary habits, medical conditions, other factors (stress, thinness, weight loss). C-statistic for adherence score was 0.94. Conclusion: The Simonetti adherence score proved to be easily applicable and feasible, with high predictive value for influencing factors, promoting the improvement of adherence and maintenance of INR in the ideal range. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

BACKGROUND: Our previous systematic review has demonstrated that antioxidant supplements may increase mortality. We have now updated this review.OBJECTIVES: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in adults.METHODS:Search methods: We searched The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Lilacs, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science to February 2011. We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and asked pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. Selection criteria:We included all primary and secondary prevention randomized clinical trials on antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) versus placebo or no intervention. Data collection and analysis: Three authors extracted data. Random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analyses were conducted. Risk of bias was considered in order to minimize the risk of systematic errors. Trial sequential analyses were conducted to minimize the risk of random errors. Random effects model meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of intertrial heterogeneity.MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-eight randomized trials with 296,707 participants were included. Fifty-six trials including 244,056 participants had low risk of bias. Twenty-six trials included 215,900 healthy participants. Fifty-two trials included 80,807 participants with various diseases in a stable phase. The mean age was 63 years (range 18 to 103 years). The mean proportion of women was 46%. Of the 78 trials, 46 used the parallel-group design, 30 the factorial design, and 2 the cross-over design. All antioxidants were administered orally, either alone or in combination with vitamins, minerals, or other interventions. The duration of supplementation varied from 28 days to 12 years (mean duration 3 years; median duration 2 years). Overall, the antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on mortality in a random-effects model meta-analysis (21,484 dead/183,749 (11.7%) versus 11,479 dead/112,958 (10.2%); 78 trials, relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.05) but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). Heterogeneity was low with an I2- of 12%. In meta-regression analysis, the risk of bias and type of antioxidant supplement were the only significant predictors of intertribal heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not find a significant difference in the estimated intervention effect in the primary prevention and the secondary prevention trials. In the 56 trials with a low risk of bias, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (18,833 dead/146,320 (12.9%) versus 10,320 dead/97,736 (10.6%); RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). This effect was confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Excluding factorial trials with potential confounding showed that 38 trials with low risk of bias demonstrated a significant increase in mortality (2822 dead/26,903 (10.5%) versus 2473 dead/26,052 (9.5%); RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). In trials with low risk of bias, beta-carotene (13,202 dead/96,003 (13.8%) versus 8556 dead/ 77,003 (11.1%); 26 trials, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and vitamin E (11,689 dead/97,523 (12.0%) versus 7561 dead/73,721 (10.3%); 46 trials, RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) significantly increased mortality, whereas vitamin A (3444 dead/24,596 (14.0%) versus 2249 dead/16,548 (13.6%); 12 trials, RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18), vitamin C (3637 dead/36,659 (9.9%) versus 2717 dead/ 29,283 (9.3%); 29 trials, RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.07), and selenium (2670 dead/39,779 (6.7%) versus 1468 dead/22,961 (6.4%); 17 trials, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03) did not significantly affect mortality. In univariate meta-regression analysis, the dose of vitamin A was significantly associated with increased mortality (RR 1.0006, 95% CI 1.0002 to 1.001, P = 0.002).AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.

ABSTRACT: Mullite is an excellent structural material due to its high temperature stability, high electrical insulation capabilities and creep resistance. This material has a number of technological applications, such as rocket nozzles used in the aerospace industry. In this work, mullite was obtained by sol-gel process, using silicic sol, aluminum nitrate and ethylene glycol, besides the following volume ratios of silica sol dispersion to ethylene glycol: 1/0; 1/1; 1/2; and 1/3. After drying, the samples were thermal treated at temperatures of 1,000; 1,100; 1,200 and 1,250°C. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (Bruner-Emmett-Teller - BET). SEM showed that mullite particles are fine and nearly equiaxed. The sample without ethylene glycol showed 3/2 mullite after heat treatment at 1,250°C. The sample with intermediate ethylene glycol concentration presented two crystallization processes: the first at 1,000°C forming mullite and spinel phases, and the second at 1,250°C forming only 3/2 mullite. However, the sample with the highest ethylene glycol concentration crystallized directly to mullite at 1,000°C with the highest yield. There is a strong dependence on the specific surface area with temperature. The Rietveld refinement showed that the a cell lattice of mullite and the Al/Si molar ratio in the mullite formula depend on the ethylene glycol presence and on the calcination temperature. The lattice parameters b and c are not dependent on the alumina content, but the parameter a increases with the increase in the alumina content. Samples prepared with higher ethylene glycol concentrations reached higher mullite yields at lower temperatures.

This paper describes the development of Hg0.8Re0.2Ba2Ca2Cu 3O8.8 thick film prepared with a precursor Ba2Ca2Cu3O5+d thick film, which was layered by Laser Ablation technique on PrBa2Cu3O7 substrate. The precursor thick film was thermally treated under mercury atmosphere using an encapsulate quartz tube technique. DC critical current measurements below T C determined the thick film superconductor current critical density as a function of temperature. The general behavior of the critical current density as a function of temperature confirms that the (Hg,Re)-1223 thick film has junctions type classified as superconducting-insulate-superconducting (SIS). After the critical current test the superconductor thick film has not shown any degradation or stoichiometry loss and its critical temperature has not changed after the test. Taken into account the critical current value of thick film as compared with the bulk sample, it was suggested that the procedure described here can be applied to build most electronic-type applications based on (Hg,Re)-1223 ceramic thick film.

Vários estudos sugerem que as condições do relevo influenciam, em larga escala, a cobertura da Mata Atlântica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo explorar estas relações em escala local, na região do Planalto de Ibiúna, denominada de Caucaia do Alto. Numa área de cerca de 78 km², procurou-se associar a cobertura florestal, dividida em dois estádios sucessionais, com atributos do relevo (declividade, orientação de vertente e altitude). O mapeamento da vegetação foi feito a partir da interpretação de pares estereoscópicos de fotografias aéreas de abril de 2000, na escala 1:10.000, enquanto os atributos do relevo foram gerados por geoprocessamento a partir de cartas topográficas digitalizadas, em escala 1:10.000. As análises estatísticas, baseadas em testes de qui-quadrado, revelam que há maior cobertura florestal, independentemente do estádio sucessional, em áreas mais íngremes (>10 graus) e situadas em altitudes mais elevadas (>923 m), porém não há influência da orientação de vertente. Não há indícios de influência direta do relevo sobre a cobertura florestal, através de gradientes ambientais que poderiam agir na regeneração florestal. Também não foram obtidas evidências de que estes resultados possam ser influenciados pelo distanciamento a estradas ou centros urbanos, ou ainda pelo respeito às áreas de preservação permanente. O relevo parece determinar o recobrimento florestal, principalmente por condicionar o uso agrícola dos solos, que se dá preferencialmente em áreas mais planas e baixas. Estes resultados sugerem um padrão geral de influência do relevo sobre a distribuição dos remanescentes florestais, independentemente da escala de estudo, onde o relevo atua indiretamente ao condicionar a ocupação humana.

Several studies suggest that, on a large scale, relief conditions influence the Atlantic Forest cover. The aim of this work was to explore these relationships on a local scale, in Caucaia do Alto, on the Ibiúna Plateau. Within an area of about 78 km², the distribution of forest cover, divided into two successional stages, was associated with relief attribute data (slope, slope orientation and altitude). The mapping of the vegetation was based on the interpretation of stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs, from April 2000, on a scale of 1:10,000, while the relief attributes were obtained by geoprocessing from digitalized topographic maps on a scale of 1:10,000. Statistical analyses, based on qui-square tests, revealed that there was a more extensive forest cover, irrespective of the successional stage, in steeper areas (>10 degrees) located at higher altitudes (>923 m), but no influence of the slope orientation. There was no sign of direct influence of relief on the forest cover through environmental gradients that might have contributed to the forest regeneration. Likewise, there was no evidence that these results could have been influenced by the distance from roads or urban areas or with respect to permanent preservation areas. Relief seems to influence the forest cover indirectly, since agricultural land use is preferably made in flatter and lower areas. These results suggest a general distribution pattern of the forest remnants, independent of the scale of study, on which relief indirectly has a strong influence, since it determines human occupation.