ABSTRACT COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) is a relatively common complication in patients with severe forms of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Diagnosing and confirming CAPA is challenging. In this study, Aspergillus spp. isolation in respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 was evaluated for identifying cases of CAPA. In 2020–2021, 17 Aspergillus spp. were isolated from 15 COVID-19 patients admitted to a university hospital in Brazil. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain clinical-epidemiological data and other markers of Aspergillus spp. infection and then compared with the ECMM/ISHAM criteria for defining CAPA. Probable CAPA was defined in 5/10 patients, who had Aspergillus spp. isolated from Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) or a positive galactomannan blood test. Additionally, anti-Aspergillus antibodies were detected in two of these patients, during active or follow-up phases of CAPA. In another seven patients with Aspergillus spp. isolated from tracheobronchial aspirate or sputum, CAPA was presumed, mainly due to deterioration of clinical conditions and new lung imaging suggestive of fungal infection. Antifungal agents to control CAPA, particularly voriconazole, were used in 9/15 cases. In cases of probable CAPA and remaining patients, clinical conditions and comorbidities were similar, with lethality being high, at 60% and 71%, respectively. The number of CAPA cases defined by scientific criteria was lower than that assumed in the clinical context. This was largely due to the lack of BAL collection for fungal culture and the non-intensive use of other markers of invasive aspergillosis. The isolation of Aspergillus spp. in different respiratory specimens should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of CAPA.

Resumo No século XXI, o fluxo emigratório internacional de brasileiros se modificou quanto a sua direção, intensidade e natureza. Nesse cenário, ocorreu um incremento significativo da participação das mulheres. Diferentemente dos movimentos migratórios que desde a segunda metade do século XX se dirigiam majoritariamente para Estados Unidos, Japão e Paraguai, há, mais recentemente, uma intensificação do movimento rumo ao continente europeu. O presente artigo propõe analisar a mobilidade entre o Brasil e a Europa das mulheres brasileiras que estabelecem relações de afeto com homens europeus nos países de imigração e como negociam gênero e raça nas representações sobre a “mulher brasileira”. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa que, a partir de dois bancos de dados de pesquisas realizadas com 46 mulheres, selecionou quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas para refletir sobre os processos de transnacionalização e percepção das marcas da racialização e exotização que as mulheres brasileiras vivenciam ao longo de suas experiências migratórias. Essa reflexão permitiu considerar que as mulheres participantes deste estudo, quando estabelecem relações de conjugalidade com portugueses, alemães ou italianos, repensam seus projetos migratórios em função das condições que as relações de afeto estabelecem, negociam posições de gênero, enfrentam os processos de racialização e sexualização e constroem outros significados para imaginários associados à “mulher brasileira”.

Abstract In the 21st century, the international migration flow of Brazilians has changed in terms of its direction, intensity, and nature and there has been a significant increase in the participation of women. Unlike migratory movements that in the second half of the 20th century had mostly been directed to the United States, Japan, and Paraguay, there has been an intensification of the movement towards Europe. This article analyzes the mobility between Brazil and Europe of Brazilian women who establish affectionate relationships with European men, and how they negotiate gender and race in the representations of “Brazilian women.” It is a qualitative study that, based on two databases of research carried out with 46 women, selected 4 semi-structured interviews to reflect on processes of transnationalization and perception of the marks of racialization and exoticization that Brazilian women experience during their migratory experiences. This reflection allowed us to consider that the women participating in this study, when they establish conjugal relationships with Portuguese, Germans, or Italians, rethink their migratory projects according to the conditions that the affective relationships establish, negotiate gender positions, face the processes of racialization and sexualization, and elaborate other meanings for imaginaries associated with “Brazilian women.”

RESUMO O estudo objetivou prospectar grupos e temas de pesquisa translacional no Brasil, que detenham potencial de transformar pesquisa em soluções para saúde no âmbito nacional, e avaliar se existe convergência com a Agenda de Prioridades de Pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde, a Agenda. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado a partir de busca em bases de dados públicos de acesso livre. Foram localizados 64 programas/grupos, sendo 8 programas de pós-graduação, 12 programas de pesquisa e 44 grupos na área de pesquisa translacional em saúde cadastrados no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A maioria dos programas de pós-graduação e todos os programas de pesquisa são vinculados a Instituições Públicas da região Sudeste. A análise temática não incluiu os 20 programas de pesquisa/pós-graduação existentes. Os 44 grupos de pesquisa foram categorizados de acordo com os 14 eixos temáticos e com as 172 linhas de pesquisa da Agenda por 4 pesquisadores independentes e cegados. Os resultados mostraram a inexistência de aderência entre os temas de pesquisa desses grupos e a Agenda de prioridades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em cenário de aumento de demanda de necessidades em saúde, a pesquisa translacional permitiria reduzir o distanciamento da pesquisa desenvolvida no Brasil com as necessidades do SUS.

ABSTRACT This study aims to prospect groups and themes of translational research in Brazil that have the potential of transforming research into solutions for health nationally. It also aims to evaluate whether or not there is convergence with the 2018 Agenda of Research Priorities of the Ministry of Health, the Agenda. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, based on a search in public databases of free access. Sixty-four programs/groups were located: eight postgraduate programs, 12 research programs, and 44 groups linked to translational health research. Most of the postgraduate programs and all research programs are linked to Public Institutions in the Southeast region. The thematic analysis did not include the 20 ongoing research/graduate programs. The 44 research groups were categorized according to the 14 thematic axes and the 172 lines of research of the Agenda lead by four independent and blinded researchers. The results showed the inexistence of adherence between the themes these groups investigate and the SUS (Unified Health System) priority Agenda. In a scenario of increasing demand for health needs, translational research could reduce distancing between the research developed in Brazil and the necessities of the SUS.

RESUMO O estudo objetivou prospectar grupos e temas de pesquisa translacional no Brasil, que detenham potencial de transformar pesquisa em soluções para saúde no âmbito nacional, e avaliar se existe convergência com a Agenda de Prioridades de Pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde, a Agenda. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado a partir de busca em bases de dados públicos de acesso livre. Foram localizados 64 programas/grupos, sendo 8 programas de pós-graduação, 12 programas de pesquisa e 44 grupos na área de pesquisa translacional em saúde cadastrados no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A maioria dos programas de pós-graduação e todos os programas de pesquisa são vinculados a Instituições Públicas da região Sudeste. A análise temática não incluiu os 20 programas de pesquisa/pós-graduação existentes. Os 44 grupos de pesquisa foram categorizados de acordo com os 14 eixos temáticos e com as 172 linhas de pesquisa da Agenda por 4 pesquisadores independentes e cegados. Os resultados mostraram a inexistência de aderência entre os temas de pesquisa desses grupos e a Agenda de prioridades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em cenário de aumento de demanda de necessidades em saúde, a pesquisa translacional permitiria reduzir o distanciamento da pesquisa desenvolvida no Brasil com as necessidades do SUS.

ABSTRACT This study aims to prospect groups and themes of translational research in Brazil that have the potential of transforming research into solutions for health nationally. It also aims to evaluate whether or not there is convergence with the 2018 Agenda of Research Priorities of the Ministry of Health, the Agenda. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, based on a search in public databases of free access. Sixty-four programs/groups were located: eight postgraduate programs, 12 research programs, and 44 groups linked to translational health research. Most of the postgraduate programs and all research programs are linked to Public Institutions in the Southeast region. The thematic analysis did not include the 20 ongoing research/graduate programs. The 44 research groups were categorized according to the 14 thematic axes and the 172 lines of research of the Agenda lead by four independent and blinded researchers. The results showed the inexistence of adherence between the themes these groups investigate and the SUS (Unified Health System) priority Agenda. In a scenario of increasing demand for health needs, translational research could reduce distancing between the research developed in Brazil and the necessities of the SUS.

OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies on sepsis have demonstrated that ethyl pyruvate is endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation in a live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis model in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were administered an intravenous suspension of E. coli bacteria or were subjected to a sham procedure. Three hours after bacterial infusion, the rats were randomized into the following groups: a control group without treatment, a group treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.), and a group treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.) plus ethyl pyruvate (50 mg/kg). At 24 h after bacterial infusion, leukocyte-endothelial interactions were investigated using intravital microscopy, and the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. White blood cell and platelet counts were also determined at baseline and 3 h and 24 h after E. coli inoculation. RESULTS: The non-treated and lactated Ringer’s solution-treated groups exhibited increases in the numbers of rolling leukocytes (∼2.5-fold increase), adherent cells (∼3.0-fold), and migrated cells (∼3.5-fold) compared with the sham group. In contrast, treatment with Ringer’s ethyl pyruvate solution reduced the numbers of rolling, adherent and migrated leukocytes to the levels observed in the sham group. Additionally, the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was significantly increased on mesenteric microvessels in the non-treated group compared with the sham group (p<0.001). The expression of both adhesion molecules was reduced in the other groups, with ethyl pyruvate being more effective than lactated Ringer’s solution. Infusion of bacteria caused significant leukopenia (3 h), followed by leukocytosis with granulocytosis (24 h). There was also an intense and progressive reduction in the number of platelets. However, no differences were observed after treatment with the different solutions. CONCLUSIONS: The presented data suggest that ethyl pyruvate efficiently reduces the inflammatory response in the mesenteric microcirculation in an experimental model of sepsis induced by live E. coli and is associated, at least in part, with down-regulation of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of the first outbreak of food poisoning caused by SalmonellaAlachua in Brazil, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic relatedness of SalmonellaAlachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples.Material and methods: To elucidate the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was carried out, and two samples of common food were tested - mayonnaise salad and galinhada(a traditional Brazilian dish of chicken and rice) - according to the Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. Five stool samples were tested employing classic methods for the isolation and identification of enterobacteria. Strains of Salmonella were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility according to the Clinical and Laboratory Stan- dards Institute guidelines (2013), and submitted to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, performed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PulseNet protocol.Results: A total of 94 people were interviewed after ingesting the food, 66 of whom had become ill. A 60-year old female patient who was hospitalized in a serious condition, developed septic shock and died two days after consuming the food. The presence of SalmonellaAlachua was confirmed in all the analyzed stool samples, and in the two types of food. The five strains showed higher than minimum inhibitory concentration values of nalidixic acid (≥256 µg/mL) and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.5 µg/mL). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed indistinguishable patterns in SalmonellaAlachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples.Conclusion: The data presented herein confirm the foodborne disease outbreak. They also allowed for the identification of the source of infection, and suggest that products from poultry are potential reservoirs for this serotype, reinforcing the importance of warning consumers about the danger of possible contamination.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da atenção primária à saúde, com base nas internações evitáveis, de homens e mulheres de todas as faixas etárias, no período de 2008 a 2012, em uma cidade do sul de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS). Os diagnósticos médicos selecionados foram: pneumonia, diabetes mellitus e doenças do sistema circulatório. Houve predomínio de idosos, do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico de pneumonia, mediana do tempo de internação de cinco dias e aumento dos gastos com tais hospitalizações. A tendência da taxa de hospitalização para as doenças do sistema circulatório e diabetes mellitus manteve-se estável durante o período em estudo. Quanto à pneumonia, verificou-se uma tendência crescente, sendo encontrado um platô no início de março de 2009, que elevou a taxa média de 2,01 para 3,51. Os dados sugerem que a atenção primária à saúde está pouco organizada para atender a esses diagnósticos, principalmente no que se refere à pneumonia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of primary health care based on avoidable hospitalizations of men and women of all ages, from 2008 to 2012 in Alfenas County in the south of Minas Gerais state. This was an ecological study based on data from the Hospital Information System (HIS). The medical diagnoses selected for the study were pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and diseases of the circulatory system. There was a predominance of elderly males diagnosed with pneumonia, with an average hospital stay of five days. Admission rates for diseases of the circulatory system and diabetes mellitus tended to remain stable during the study period. While for pneumonia there was a tendency of growth that reached a plateau in early March 2009, bringing the average rate up from 2.01 to 3.51. The data suggest that primary health care is poorly organized to meet these diagnoses, particularly for pneumonia.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da atenção primária à saúde, com base nas internações evitáveis, de homens e mulheres de todas as faixas etárias, no período de 2008 a 2012, em uma cidade do sul de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS). Os diagnósticos médicos selecionados foram: pneumonia, diabetes mellitus e doenças do sistema circulatório. Houve predomínio de idosos, do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico de pneumonia, mediana do tempo de internação de cinco dias e aumento dos gastos com tais hospitalizações. A tendência da taxa de hospitalização para as doenças do sistema circulatório e diabetes mellitus manteve-se estável durante o período em estudo. Quanto à pneumonia, verificou-se uma tendência crescente, sendo encontrado um platô no início de março de 2009, que elevou a taxa média de 2,01 para 3,51. Os dados sugerem que a atenção primária à saúde está pouco organizada para atender a esses diagnósticos, principalmente no que se refere à pneumonia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of primary health care based on avoidable hospitalizations of men and women of all ages, from 2008 to 2012 in Alfenas County in the south of Minas Gerais state. This was an ecological study based on data from the Hospital Information System (HIS). The medical diagnoses selected for the study were pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and diseases of the circulatory system. There was a predominance of elderly males diagnosed with pneumonia, with an average hospital stay of five days. Admission rates for diseases of the circulatory system and diabetes mellitus tended to remain stable during the study period. While for pneumonia there was a tendency of growth that reached a plateau in early March 2009, bringing the average rate up from 2.01 to 3.51. The data suggest that primary health care is poorly organized to meet these diagnoses, particularly for pneumonia.

O retorno faz parte do projeto migratório, contudo, enquanto uns retornam outros permanecem. A recente crise econômica é um dos fatores que intensificou o retorno. Este artigo ilustra as dinâmicas de retorno de emigrantes brasileiros nos Estados Unidos e em quatro países europeus - Portugal, Reino Unido, Holanda e Noruega, incluindo os processos de estranhamento, adaptação e circularidade ao longo do tempo. Os dados nos permitem considerar que as condições no destino constituem um elemento central nas estratégias migratórias. Os retornados enfrentam as dificuldades de (re)adaptação no país de origem. O retorno em consequência da crise produz efeitos perversos tanto nos sujeitos como no território.

Return is part of the migratory project, however, while some migrants return others remain. The recent economic crisis is one of the factors that intensified return. This article illustrates the return dynamics of Brazilian immigrants in the United States and four European countries - Portugal, UK, the Netherlands and Norway -, including processes of estrangement, circularity and adaptation over time. The data allow us to conclude that conditions in the destination country are a decisive contribution to migration strategies. Returnees face difficulties of (re) adaptation in the origin country. The return due to the crisis produces perverse effects both in subject and in the territory.

Migrar, fazer uma poupança e retornar é o projeto da maioria dos emigrantes. Para alcançar esse objetivo trabalham em mais de um emprego por longas horas e em condições de trabalho precárias. Tais condições colocam em risco a saúde física e psicológica. Quais as condições de saúde física e mental do emigrante no retorno? Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa realizada na Microrregião de Governador Valadares, demonstra que a carga excessiva de trabalho, a falta de segurança, o estresse, a falta de lazer e a não acessibilidade aos programas de saúde no país de destino têm como consequência a saúde comprometida do emigrante quando retorna.

Migrate, save, and return home is the project of most emigrants. In order to do this, they work more than one job for long hours and in precarious work conditions. These conditions put at risk physical and psychological health. What are the physical and mental health conditions of the emigrant when returning home? This article, based on a research carried out in the micro region of Governador Valadares, Brazil, shows that the excessive work load, the lack of safety at work, stress, the lack of leisure time, and the lack of access to the health programs in the destination country causea decline in the health of the emigrants when they return home.

A análise do atual contexto político e econômico existente nos EUA, que envolve o acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde pelos imigrantes, diz respeito aos mais de 20 milhões de indivíduos estrangeiros que residem naquele país e não possuem seguro de saúde. Essa população corresponde a 43,8% de 46 milhões de pessoas que não possuem cobertura de provedores privados de saúde nos EUA, sendo 10,5 milhões residentes sem a documentação exigida para viver no País. Para explorar as necessidades, o acesso e a utilização dos serviços de saúde americanos pelos emigrantes de Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil, o presente estudo entrevistou uma amostra de 14 emigrantes valadarenses selecionada por meio da técnica bola de neve. Foram elaboradas questões relacionadas à documentação, local de residência, profissões exercidas, necessidade, acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde. As informações recolhidas junto aos emigrantes residentes nos Estados de Massachusetts e Connecticut permitem afirmar a viabilidade do acesso e da utilização dos serviços de saúde subsidiados pelos governos federal e estaduais e de organizações não governamentais.

Analysis of the current political and economical context in the U.S.A., which involves access to and utilization of health services by immigrants, concerns more than 20 million foreign individuals who live in the country and do not have health insurance. This population corresponds to 43.8% of the 46 million people that do not have private health coverage in the U.S.A.; of these, 10.5 million do not have the legal documentation required to live in the country. In order to explore the needs, access and utilization of American health services by emigrants from Governador Valadares (located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), fourteen emigrants from this city were selected by means of the snowball technique and were interviewed for this study. Questions concerning interviewees' documentation, place of residence, jobs, needs, access to and use of health services were created. Information collected from emigrants residing in the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut allows us to assert the viability of access and utilization of health services subsidized by the federal and state governments and nongovernmental organizations.

A análise do atual contexto político e econômico existente nos EUA, que envolve o acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde pelos imigrantes, diz respeito aos mais de 20 milhões de indivíduos estrangeiros que residem naquele país e não possuem seguro de saúde. Essa população corresponde a 43,8% de 46 milhões de pessoas que não possuem cobertura de provedores privados de saúde nos EUA, sendo 10,5 milhões residentes sem a documentação exigida para viver no País. Para explorar as necessidades, o acesso e a utilização dos serviços de saúde americanos pelos emigrantes de Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil, o presente estudo entrevistou uma amostra de 14 emigrantes valadarenses selecionada por meio da técnica bola de neve. Foram elaboradas questões relacionadas à documentação, local de residência, profissões exercidas, necessidade, acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde. As informações recolhidas junto aos emigrantes residentes nos Estados de Massachusetts e Connecticut permitem afirmar a viabilidade do acesso e da utilização dos serviços de saúde subsidiados pelos governos federal e estaduais e de organizações não governamentais.

Analysis of the current political and economical context in the U.S.A., which involves access to and utilization of health services by immigrants, concerns more than 20 million foreign individuals who live in the country and do not have health insurance. This population corresponds to 43.8% of the 46 million people that do not have private health coverage in the U.S.A.; of these, 10.5 million do not have the legal documentation required to live in the country. In order to explore the needs, access and utilization of American health services by emigrants from Governador Valadares (located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), fourteen emigrants from this city were selected by means of the snowball technique and were interviewed for this study. Questions concerning interviewees' documentation, place of residence, jobs, needs, access to and use of health services were created. Information collected from emigrants residing in the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut allows us to assert the viability of access and utilization of health services subsidized by the federal and state governments and nongovernmental organizations.

Para que a utilização de frutíferas do cerrado ocorra de maneira sustentável, estudos no intuito de se conhecer suas características fazem-se necessários. Neste escopo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar alguns parâmetros químicos de frutos de pequizeiro coletados em três municípios do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás (Jataí, Rio Verde e Serranópolis). Em cada município foram selecionadas duas populações de pequizeiros, denominadas áreas. Em cada área, foram eleitas oito árvores para a coleta dos frutos. Nas amostras, foram determinados os teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, cobre, ferro, manganês, nitrogênio, zinco e extrato etéreo. Os resultados indicam que as diferenças entre as características químicas estudadas nos frutos coletados nas diferentes regiões não parecem variar significativamente. Comparando os teores encontrados no presente trabalho com aqueles requeridos diariamente na alimentação humana, novos estudos são recomendados objetivando utilizar o fruto do pequizeiro como uma fonte alternativa complementar de magnésio, manganês e cobre.

In order to assure that the use of cerrado fruits occur in a sustainable way, studies to investigate their characteristics are extremely relevant. In this context, the present study aims to describe some chemical parameters of pequi fruits picked in three municipalities in southwestern Goiás State (Jataí, Rio Verde, and Serranópolis). In each city, two populations of pequi trees - pequizeiros, denominated areas, were selected. In each area, eight trees were selected for the fruit to be picked. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, zinc, and ether extract were determined in the samples. The results demonstrate differences between the chemical characteristics studied for the fruits picked in different areas, which does not seem to vary in a significant way. Comparing the contents obtained in the present study with those required as human daily supply, further studies are recommended aiming at using the pequi fruit as a complementary alternative source of magnesium, manganese, and copper.