Abstract We evaluated the influence of a 32-day camping in Antarctica on physical performance and exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. In Brazil, before and after the Antarctic camping, the volunteers performed an incremental exercise at temperate conditions and, two days later, an exercise heat stress protocol (45-min running at 60% of maximum aerobic speed, at 31°C and 60% of relative humidity). In Antarctica, core temperature was assessed on a day of fieldwork, and average values higher than 38.5°C were reported. At pre- and post-Antarctica, physiological (whole-body and local sweat rate, number of active sweat glands, sweat gland output, core and skin temperatures) and perceptual (thermal comfort and sensation) variables were measured. The Antarctic camping improved the participants’ performance and induced heat-related adaptations, as evidenced by sweat redistribution (lower in the chest but higher in grouped data from the forehead, forearm, and thigh) and reduced skin temperatures in the forehead and chest during the exercise heat stress protocol. Notwithstanding the acclimatization, the participants did not report differences of the thermal sensation and comfort. In conclusion, staying in an Antarctic camp for 32 days improved physical performance and elicited physiological adaptations to heat due to the physical exertion-induced hyperthermia in the field.

Gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) is an aggressive disease characterized by a high frequency of metastasis and poor overall survival rates. GEC presents HER2 overexpression in 5 to 25% of tumors eligible for HER2-targeted therapy. HER2 evaluation requires protein levels and copy number alteration analyses by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (FISH or SISH), respectively. These are semiquantitative methodologies that need an expert and well-trained pathologist. Therefore, the use of new surrogate methods for HER2 evaluation in cancer, such as gene expression analysis, might improve GEC HER2 classification. We evaluated HER2 positivity in GEC through conventional IHC and SISH analyses and investigated the potential application of HER2 mRNA expression by quantitative PCR to categorize GEC samples as HER2-positive or HER2-negative. Among 270 GEC samples, 10.9% were HER2-positive by IHC and SISH analyses. HER2 mRNA was overexpressed in HER2-positive GEC samples and presented high accuracy in distinguishing those tumors from HER2-negative GEC. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis was not capable of classifying HER2-equivocal GEC samples into HER2-positive or -negative according to SISH data. Quantitative PCR analysis showed HER2 overexpression in HER2-positive GEC samples. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis failed to classify HER2-equivocal GEC according to SISH data.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the ten most frequent and deadly cancers, without effective therapies for most patients. More recently, drugs targeting deregulated growth factor signaling receptors have been developed, such as HGF-MET targeted therapy. We assessed MET and HGF genetic alterations and gene and protein expression profiles in ESCC patients from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and publicly available datasets, as well as the intratumor heterogeneity of the alterations found. Our analyses showed that HGF and MET genetic alterations, both copy number and mutations, are not common in ESCC, affecting 5 and 6% of the cases, respectively. HGF showed a variable mRNA expression profile between datasets, with no alterations (GSE20347), downregulation (GSE45670), and upregulation in ESCC (our dataset and GSE75241). On the other hand, MET was found consistently upregulated in ESCC compared to non-tumor surrounding tissue, with median fold-changes of 5.96 (GSE20347), 3.83 (GSE45670), 6.02 (GSE75241), and 5.0 (our dataset). Among our patients, 84% of the tumors showed at least a two-fold increase in MET expression. This observation was corroborated by protein levels, with 55% of cases exhibiting positivity in 100% of the tumor cells. Intratumor heterogeneity was evaluated in at least four tumor biopsies from five patients and two cases showed a consistent increase in MET expression (at least two-fold) in all tumor samples. Our data suggested that HGF-MET signaling pathway was likely to be overactivated in ESCC, representing a potential therapeutic target, but eligibility for this therapy should consider intratumor heterogeneity.

Abstract The present work evaluated the ecological risk of glyphosate by its commercial formulation (Roundup Original®) used to control floating aquatic macrophytes. Exposure analysis and ecological effects were performed from microcosm studies. The risk characterization was performed based on the calculation of the risk quotient. The commercial formulation of glyphosate had high toxicity when it was assessed separately. On the other hand, ecotoxicological evaluation of water samples from microcosms did not present toxicity to any tested organisms, however, glyphosate application is recommended exclusively to water bodies that have the surface completely covered by macrophytes.

Abstract Researches of environmental perception evidences the extractive context and help policy making. Despite the social and economic benefits, the intensification of extractivism can promote ecological unsustainability and alteration in the perception of forest conservation values. In the region of Lençóis Maranhenses, Northeast Brazil, the sale of products extracted from Mauritia flexuosa L.f palm to supply the local and national market is increasing. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the forest values perceived by extractivists in municipalities of the region of Lençóis Maranhenses and how the socioeconomic profile interfere with the environmental perceptions of the interviewees. The research was conducted through semi-structured forms applied to 271 extractivists from the municipality of Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves and Tutóia. The perceived forest values were divided into three categories: economic, ecological and social. It was contacted that there was a prioritization of the values included in the Economic category, in which the source of income is highlighted in the municipalities that most extract the palms. The data revealed that there was a prioritization of the economic category, with emphasis on the forest value source of income. In Barreirinhas, food and climate regulation values were related to socioeconomic characteristics such as gender and monthly income from the sale of handicrafts. There is knowledge about the environmental damages that occur in the forest. However, there is no effective participation of the communities in the management of the Environmental Conservation Units of the region.

Resumo Pesquisas de percepção ambiental evidenciam o contexto extrativista e auxiliam na elaboração de políticas ambientais. Apesar dos benefícios sociais e econômicos, a intensificação do extrativismo pode promover a insustentabilidade ecológica e alteração da percepção dos valores florestais conservacionistas. Na região dos Lençóis Maranhenses, Nordeste do Brasil, é crescente a venda de produtos extraídos da palmeira Mauritia flexuosa L.f. para abastecer mercado local e nacional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar quais valores florestais são percebidos pelos extrativistas em municípios da região dos Lençóis Maranhenses e como o perfil socioeconômico interfere na percepção ambiental dos entrevistados. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de formulários semiestruturados aplicados a 271 extrativistas dos município de Barreirinhas, Paulino Neves e Tutóia. Os valores florestais percebidos foram divididos em três categorias: econômica, ecológica e social. Os dados obtidos revelaram que houve uma priorização da categoria econômica, com destaque para o valor florestal fonte de renda. Em Barreirinhas, os valores alimentação e regulação do clima estiveram relacionados a características socioeconômicas tais como gênero e renda mensal proveniente da venda do artesanato. Há o conhecimento sobre os danos ambientais que ocorrem nos buritizais, entretanto não existe uma efetiva participação das comunidades na gestão das Unidades de Conservação ambientais da região.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) submetidos à restrição alimentar e à realimentação em tanques-rede. Durante 60 dias, foram alocados 100 tambaquis (peso inicial de 8,0 ± 0,5g), em 20 tanques-rede. Foram realizados quatro tratamentos: T1=animais alimentados diariamente (controle), T2=alimentados durante seis dias com um dia de restrição de ração (6A/1R), T3=alimentados durante cinco dias com dois dias de restrição (5A/2R) e T4 = alimentados durante quatro dias com três dias de restrição (4A/3R). Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, às oito e às 16 horas, até a aparente saciedade, com ração extrusada comercial (42%PB). Utilizaram-se cinco repetições para cada tratamento e cinco peixes por unidade experimental, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. A coleta de dados para avaliação do desempenho produtivo foi feita com base no peso final, no ganho de peso, no consumo médio de ração, na conversão alimentar, no comprimento total, no comprimento padrão, na altura, no índice de cabeça e de perfil, na taxa de eficiência proteica, na taxa de crescimento específico e na sobrevivência. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (P≥5). O tratamento 5A/2R apresentou-se como a melhor ferramenta na redução de custos de produção sem prejuízo ao desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tambaqui.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) submitted to feed deprivation and refeeding in cages. For 60 days of experimentation, 100 tambaquis were used (initial weight 8.0 ± 0.5g), distributed in 20 cages. The treatments were: T1=daily fed animals (control), T2=fed for six days and one day of restriction (6F/1R), T3=fed for five days and two days of restriction (5F/2R) and T4=fed for four days with three days of restriction (4F/3R). With five replicates each, and five fish for each experimental unit, arranged in a completely randomized design. In accordance with treatments, the fishes were fed twice a day at 08:00am and 4:00pm. The data collection for the performance evaluation was based on final weight, weight gain, average feed intake, alimentary conversion, total length, standard length, height, index head, index profile, protein efficiency rate, specific growth rate and survival at the end of the experimental period. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (P≥5). Treatment 5F/2R resulted in the best performance results, which is a tool in reducing production costs without loss in performance of tambaqui juvenile.

RESUMO: Os dermatófitos são fungos que podem causar infecções superficiais da pele, cabelo e unhas em humanos e animais. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas dos cães e gatos afetados por micoses são Microsporum gypseum e principalmente Microsporum canis. O papel crucial durante o processo de infecção é a produção de enzimas extracelulares essenciais para a invasão e estabelecimento do agente patogênico no tecido do hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar dermatófitos de cães e gatos e avaliar o perfil enzimático dos isolados obtidos. Amostras de pelos e escamas epidérmicas foram coletadas de cães e gatos em instalações veterinárias em Recife/PE, e os isolados foram identificados com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. A análise qualitativa das enzimas urease, protease, lipase, colagenase e fosfolipase foi avaliada a partir dos dermatófitos isolados. Durante 10 meses, um total de 106 animais, que compreendeu de 99 cães e sete gatos com sinais clínicos, independentemente do sexo e raça foram avaliados. Apenas oito animais foram confirmados com dermatofitose, principalmente cães (n=7), sendo seis afetados por M. canis e um por M. gypseum, a raça mais afetada foi Yorkshire (n=3). No entanto, apenas um gato foi confirmado com M. canis. Não foi observada predisposição relacionada ao sexo quanto à ocorrência de dermatofitose nos cães e gatos avaliados. Os dermatófitos isolados apresentaram perfis semelhantes para as enzimas urease, lipase, protease, fosfolipase e colagenase, característica importante em infecções patogênicas. O diagnóstico clínico destas zoonoses com base na confirmação microbiológica e uma compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes é de grande importância para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças fúngicas em animais.

ABSTRACT: Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails in man and animals. The most frequent dermatophyte species isolated from dogs and cats are Microsporum gypseum, most notably Microsporum canis. The crucial role during the infection process is the production of extracellular enzymes essential for the invasion and establishment of the pathogen in the host tissue. The objective of this research was to isolate dermatophytes from dogs and cats and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the isolates obtained. Hair samples and epidermal scales were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary facilities in Recife-PE, and the isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The qualitative analysis of the enzymes urease, protease, lipase, collagenase and phospholipase was evaluated from the isolated dermatophytes. During 10 months, a total of 106 animals, comprising of 99 dogs and seven cats with clinical signs, regardless of sex and race were evaluated. Only eight animals were confirmed with dermatophytosis, mostly dogs (n=7), being six affected by M. canis and one by M. gypseum, the race most affected was Yorkshire (n=3). However, only one cat was confirmed with M. canis. No sex-related predisposition was observed regarding the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats evaluated. Isolated dermatophytes showed similar profiles for the enzymes urease, lipase, protease, phospholipase and collagenase, important characteristic for pathogenic infections. The diagnosis of this zoonosis based on microbiological confirmation and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in animals.

O mamão é uma frutífera altamente consumida mundialmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da muda de Carica papaya produzida com resíduos de pau de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) (PaB). O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI), Corrente, PI. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), constando de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições: t1 - solo (10 L); t2 - solo:pau de burití (10 L:1.5 L); t3 - solo:pau de burití (10 L:3 L); t4 - solo:pau de burití (10 L:4.5 L); t5 - solo:pau de burití (10 L:6 L). Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste F a p<0,01 de significância, para diagnóstico de efeito significativo. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plântula, diâmetro do caule, comprimento de raiz, número de folhas, área foliar total, massa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e matéria seca total, relação da altura de planta/diâmetro de caule e massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca de raiz e índice de qualidade de Dickson. A introdução de 30% de pau de buriti no substrato é o recomendado para produção de mudas de mamoeiro tipo “formosa”. O índice de qualidade de Dickson para o mamoeiro formosa é de 0,55 com 37,5% de pau de buriti.

Papaya is a fruit that is highly consumed worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of Carica papaya seedling with buriti (PaB) residue. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Piauí (UESPI), Corrente, PI. A completely randomized design (DIC) was used, consisting of five treatments and six replicates: T1 - soil (10 L); T2 - soil: burití wood (10 L: 1.5 L); T3 - soil: burití wood (10 L: 3 L); T4 - soil: burití wood (10 L: 4.5 L); T5 - soil: burití wood (10 L: 6 L). The results were submitted to the F test at p <0.01 of significance, for diagnosis of significant effect. The variables analyzed were: seedling height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, total leaf area, shoot dry mass, root and total dry matter, plant height / stem diameter ratio and dry mass of root shoot / root dry mass and Dickson quality index. The introduction of 30% buriti wood into the substrate is recommended for the production of "formosa" papaya seedlings. The Dickson quality index for papaya is 0.55 with 37.5% buriti stick.

RESUMO A teca atende aos principais critérios de seleção das espécies florestais para a produção de madeira de rápido crescimento. A escolha do espaçamento adequado fornece maior volume por área e fustes com qualidade desejável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do espaçamento sobre diversas variáveis dendrométricas em povoamentos de teca em Cáceres, MT. Foram feitas avaliações nas idades de 11 e 16 anos referentes a: diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura; altura total; área basal; volume total por árvore; volume por hectare; incremento médio anual; e sobrevivência. Observou-se que quanto menor a densidade de árvores, maiores são os valores de DAP e volume individual e que quanto maior a densidade, maiores foram os valores de área basal e volume total por hectare. A ausência de desbastes afetou negativamente as medias dendrométricas e a produção dos povoamentos nos diferentes espaçamentos.

ABSTRACT Teak meets the main criteria for selection of tree species for timber production of rapid growth. Thus choosing the proper spacing will provide the largest volume per area and stems with desirable quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spacing in several dendrometric variables in stands of teak in Caceres, Mato Grosso state. The following variables were assessed at the ages of 11 and 16 years: diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, basal area, total volume per tree, volume per hectare, annual average growth, and survival. It was observed that the lower the density of trees, the greater the DAP and the individual volume; and that the greater the density, the greater the basal area and the total volume per hectare. Lack of thinning negatively affected the dendrometric averages and the production of stands at different spacings.

Although it is well known that physical training ameliorates brain oxidative function after injuries by enhancing the levels of neurotrophic factors and oxidative status, there is little evidence addressing the influence of exercise training itself on brain oxidative damage and data is conflicting. This study investigated the effect of well-established swimming training protocol on lipid peroxidation and components of antioxidant system in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were randomized into trained (5 days/week, 8 weeks, 30 min; n=8) and non-trained (n=7) groups. Forty-eight hours after the last session of exercise, animals were euthanized and the brain was collected for oxidative stress analysis. Swimming training decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels (P<0.05) and increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05) with no effect on brain non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity, estimated by FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assay (P>0.05). Moreover, the swimming training promoted metabolic adaptations, such as increased maximal workload capacity (P<0.05) and maintenance of body weight. In this context, the reduced TBARS content and increased SOD antioxidant activity induced by 8 weeks of swimming training are key factors in promoting brain resistance. In conclusion, swimming training attenuated oxidative damage and increased enzymatic antioxidant but not non-enzymatic status in the rat brain.

RESUMO:Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção de massa e o teor de flavonoides de plantas de marcela cultivadas com fósforo e cama de frango e colhidas em duas épocas. Estudou-se a combinação de doses de P2O5 (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1) na forma de superfosfato triplo, com e sem cama de frango (10 t ha-1), arranjados como fatorial 4x2, no delineamento blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram feitas duas colheitas das plantas, consideradas como parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A propagação foi indireta, com semeio em bandejas e transplante ao campo. As plantas foram colhidas aos 195 e 223 dias após o transplantio - DAT. A altura máxima das plantas foi de 1,14 m com uso da cama de frango e de 0,97 m sem cama, aos 195 dias após o transplantio. A produção máxima de massa fresca de parte aérea das plantas foi de 30,31 t ha-1 na colheita aos 223 DAT, enquanto a de massa seca foi de 11,38 t ha-1, ambas com o uso de 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5.A massa fresca de inflorescências foi maior (4,08 t ha-1) com adição de cama de frango ao solo e menor (3,49 t ha-1) sem cama de frango; em resposta às doses de fósforo, cresceram linearmente, sendo a máxima de 4,65 t ha-1 com uso de 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5, independente da época de colheita. A massa seca de inflorescências foi máxima de 2,38 t ha-1 com o uso de 300 kg ha-1 P2O5 na colheita aos 223 DAT. A maior produção de massa seca e o maior teor de flavonoides das inflorescências foram obtidos com o cultivo das plantas de marcela em solo com cama de frango (10 t ha-1) e com P2O5 (300 kg ha-1) na colheita aos 223 dias após o transplantio.

ABSTRACT:The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the biomass yield and flavonoid contents of Achyrocline satureioides grown under different levels of phosphate fertilizer in association with broiler litter, during two successive harvests. Four levels of P2O5 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), as triple superphosphate, and two levels of broiler litter (0 and 10 t ha-1) were arranged as a 4x2 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications. Two harvests of plants, considered as split-plot, were made. Seeds were sown in polystyrene trays then transplanted to the experimental field and harvested at 195 and 223 days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum heights of the plants were 1.14 m under the addition of broiler litter and 0.97 m without it, at 195 days after transplanting. The highest yields of total fresh weight (30.31 ton ha-1) and dry weight (11.38 ton ha-1) were obtained at 223 DAT, both with the concentration of 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The fresh weight of the inflorescences was greater under the addition of broiler litter (4.08 ton ha-1) than without it (3.49 ton ha-1). The plants grew linearly in response to the use of phosphate, and the maximum yield was 4.65 ton ha-1 under the concentration of 300 kg ha-1P2O5, regardless of the harvest season. The dry weight of the inflorescences reached maximum yield (2.38 ton ha-1) at 223 DAT, in response to the use of 300 kg ha-1P2O5. The highest yield of dry weight and the highest contents of flavonoids from the inflorescences were obtained when A. satureioides was grown under the concentration of P2O5 (300 kg ha-1) with the addition of broiler litter (10 ton ha-1) and harvested at 223 DAT.

No presente estudo, avaliaram-se os efeitos da alimentação de diferentes concentrados sobre o comportamento de ovinos. A hipótese é a de que a polpa cítrica estimularia a ruminação e reduziria o risco de ocorrência de urolitíase, podendo substituir outros concentrados. Dez ovinos adultos, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, foram distribuídos em um quadrado latino com cinco tratamentos, sendo quatro destes contendo dietas com 30% de feno de capim coast-cross e 70% dos seguintes concentrados: polpa cítrica peletizada, polpa cítrica farelada, fubá de milho e farelo de trigo, e uma dieta controle com 80% de feno e 20% de ração comercial peletizada. Após 21 dias de adaptação, a cada dieta os animais foram colocados em monitoramento visual, com registro de atividade a cada três minutos, durante 24 horas consecutivas, por meio do qual foi identificado o tempo gasto na ruminação, na ingestão de alimentos e em repouso. A posição dos animais (em pé ou deitados) também foi observada. O período diurno foi considerado entre seis e 18 horas. Para comparação entre os tratamentos, os dados foram avaliados por meio de ANOVA e do teste de Tukey. Para a avaliação circadiana e entre as posições, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Dietas com polpa cítrica promoveram tempo de ruminação semelhante aos do grupo de controle (601, 590 e 669 min, respectivamente), mas superior ao grupo alimentado com fubá de milho (421min). A produção de saliva estimada no grupo controle (26L/d) foi maior do que nos demais grupos, e os grupos com polpa cítrica tiveram maior produção de saliva do que o grupo com fubá de milho (21L/d). Ovinos em dietas ricas em concentrados descansam mais durante a noite. Em todas as dietas, cerca de 90% da ruminação ocorreu com os animais deitados. A polpa cítrica peletizada e a farelada, e em menor grau o farelo de trigo, promoveram adequadamente a ruminação. Este concentrado pode ser utilizado como medida preventiva visando diminuir a incidência de urolitíase em rebanhos ovinos.

In this study we examined the effects of different feed concentrates on sheep behaviour. Our hypothesis was that citric pulp would stimulate rumination and be capable of replacing other concentrates traditionally used for feeding in confinement, to reduce the risk of urolithiasis. Ten adult Santa Inês sheep were distributed in a Latin square with five different diets, one control diet with 80% hay and 20% commercial feed and four diets containing 30% coast-cross hay and 70% of the following concentrates: pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal, cornmeal or wheat bran. After 21d of adaptation to each one of the five diets, the sheep were visually monitored for 24 h at 3 min intervals to record the time spent ruminating, time spent eating and time spent resting; the animals' positions (standing or lying down) were also noted. Daytime was considered to be from 06:00h to 18:00h. The data were evaluated using ANOVA, with Tukey post-hoc test or throughout Two-sample T test for circadian and position assessment. Citrus pulp diets resulted in time spent ruminating similar to the control diet (601, 590 and 669 min, respectively), but greater (P<0.05) than the cornmeal group (421min), which showed that citrus pulp generated effective rumination. The estimated saliva production in the control diet (26L) was greater than in the other groups, and was greater in the citrus pulp groups (24L/d) than cornmeal (21L/d). Feeding with cornmeal led to shorter time spent eating and time spent ruminating than all other diets. The sheep had higher time spent resting at night when fed concentrates (P<0.05). For all diets, about 90% of the time spent ruminating occurred with the animals lying down. Pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal and to a lesser degree wheat bran, led to adequate time spent ruminating. The use of citrus pulp can act as a preventive management measure to reduce the incidence of urolithiasis in sheep flocks.

No Brasil, o consumo de Sida carpinifolia por animais de produção tem sido associada a doenças neurológicas relacionadas com doença de depósito lisossômico. Este trabalho descreve os achados patológicos observados em dois fetos caprinos de mães que foram experimentalmente intoxicadas por S. carpinifolia. As cabras foram intoxicadas experimentalmente com S. carpinifolia nas doses de 10 e 13g/kg durante 30 dias e foram acompanhadas durante 15 dias após o consumo da planta. Após este período foram eutanasiadas e necropsiadas. O estudo também inclui os achados patológicos encontrados em um feto de uma fêmea bovina intoxicada naturalmente pela planta, que mostrou leve incoordenação, tremores generalizados, andar desequilibrado e quedas frequentes. A vaca foi eutanasiada e necropsiada. Embora não houvesse alterações histológicas significativas nas cabras, vacuolização dos neurônios de Purkinje do cerebelo, das células acinares do pâncreas e nas células foliculares da tireoide foram observadas na vaca. As principais alterações histológicas observadas nos fetos caprinos e no feto bovino foram vacuolização no epitélio dos túbulos renais, nas células foliculares da tireoide e nos neurônios de Purkinje do cerebelo. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão do sistema nervoso central da vaca e de seu feto revelaram-se vacúolos contendo material finamente granulado e delimitado por membrana. Na técnica de lectina-histoquímica dos fetos caprinos houve marcação leve no SNC para as lectinas sWGA, WGA e para Con-A.

In Brazil, the consumption of Sida carpinifolia by livestock has been associated with neurological diseases linked to lysosomal storage disorders. This paper describes the pathological findings in two caprine fetuses from dams that were experimentally poisoned with S. carpinifolia. The goats were orally dosed with 10 and 13g/kg of a paste of green chopped S. carpinifolia for 30 days and were observed for an additional 15 days period after the last dosage with the plant; thereafter they were euthanized and necropsied. The dams showed only slight clinical signs. The study also includes the findings in one bovine fetus from a naturally S. carpinifolia poisoned cow which showed mild incoordination, generalized tremors, staggering, and frequent falls. The cow was euthanized and necropsied. While there were no significant histopathological changes in the goats, in the cow vacuolation of Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum, pancreatic acinar cells, and thyroid follicular cells were observed. The main microscopic changes observed in the caprine and bovine fetuses were vacuolation in the epithelium of renal tubules, thyroid follicular cells, and Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Transmission electron microscopy of sections from CNS of the cow and its fetus revealed vacuoles containing fine granular material surrounded by membrane. Lectin-histochemistry of CNS sections from goat fetuses marked lightly to sWGA lectins, WGA, and Con-A.

A precisão do volume de um povoamento florestal torna-se importante à medida que as empresas florestais integram verticalmente suas atividades e o resíduo da elaboração de um produto torna-se matéria-prima para outros. Os estudos realizados objetivaram avaliar a acurácia dos modelos polinomiais propostos por Schöepfer (1966), Hradetzky (1976) e Goulding & Murray (1976), na estimativa dos diâmetros e volumes ao longo do fuste de Tectona grandis L.f. de quatro povoamentos localizados na microrregião do Baixo Rio Acre e, ainda, testar a identidade do melhor modelo polinomial, avaliando-se a adequação de manter as áreas agrupadas ou segregá-las em grupos menores ou individualmente. A base de dados foi constituída de 159 árvores cubadas rigorosamente. Na avaliação da acurácia dos modelos foram empregadas estatísticas de desvio médio, desvio padrão das diferenças, soma dos quadrados dos resíduos relativos e resíduos percentuais. O modelo Goulding & Murray (1976) gerou as melhores estimativas de diâmetros e volumes ao longo do fuste, seguido pelos modelos Hradetzky (1976) e Schöepfer (1966). O teste de identidade de modelo mostrou ser mais adequado realizar ajustes independentes para as áreas 1 e 4 e para o subgrupo 2 e 3.

The precise estimate of the volume of a forest stand become important as forest enterprises integrate vertically their activities and the residue of the manufacture of a product becomes the raw material for the manufacture of other. The accomplished studies aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the polynomial models proposed by Schöepfer (1966), Hradetzky (1976) and Goulding & Murray (1976) in the estimate of the diameters and volumes along the bole of Tectona grandis L.f from four stands situated in the Baixo Rio Acre micro region and further, to test the identity of the best polynomial model by evaluating the adequacy of maintaining the grouped areas or segregate them into smaller groups or singly. The data base was made up of 159 trees scaled rigorously. In the evaluation of the accuracy of the models, the statistics of average deviation, standard deviation of differences, square summation of relative residue and percent residue. The Goulding & Murray (1976) model was generated the best estimates of diameters and volume along the bole, followed by the models of Hradetzky (1976) and Schöepfer (1966). The model identity test proved more adequate to perform independent fit for areas 1 and 4 and for subgroup 2 and 3.