Resumo A avaliação do atraso de colheita de sementes de soja pode auxiliar na seleção de cultivares mais resistentes à deterioração no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de três cultivares de soja, submetidas ao atraso da colheita. Sementes das cultivares ‘NS 5959’, ‘BMX Potência’ e ‘TMG 1175’ foram colhidas em quatro épocas (R8; R8 + 10 dias; R8 + 20 dias e R8 + 30 dias) e avaliadas quanto ao grau de umidade, germinação, emergência, crescimento de plântulas e incidência de fungos. Houve redução na germinação e vigor das sementes das diferentes cultivares de soja, principalmente quando colhidas em R8 + 20 e R8 + 30 dias, devido à deterioração em campo. Além disso, o atraso na colheita proporcionou maior incidência de fungos nas sementes, principalmente Phomopsis sp., Aspergillus sp. e Cercospora kikuchii. Em geral, a cultivar ‘TMG 1175’ foi mais resistente à deterioração das sementes em campo causada pelo atraso de colheita.

Abstract The assessment of delayed harvesting of soybean seeds may help in the selection of cultivars more resistant to deterioration in the field. This work aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of three soybean cultivars submitted to harvest delay. Seeds of the cultivars ‘NS 5959’, ‘BMX Potência’, and ‘TMG 1175’ were harvested in four periods (R8; R8 + 10 days; R8 + 20 days, and R8 + 30 days) and evaluated for the moisture content, germination, emergence, seedling growth, and fungal incidence. There was a reduction in germination and vigor of the seeds of the different soybean cultivars, especially when harvested at R8 + 20 and R8 + 30 days, due to deterioration in the field. In addition, the delay in harvest provided a higher incidence of fungi in the seeds, mainly Phomopsis sp., Aspergillus sp., and Cercospora kikuchii. In general, the cultivar ‘TMG 1175’ was more resistant to seed deterioration in the field caused by delayed harvesting.

Resumo Soluções baseadas em análise de imagens são uma tendência crescente para melhorar a qualidade das sementes florestais. Este estudo teve como objetivo associar as informações obtidas por meio do processamento de imagens radiográficas com o potencial fisiológico de sementes de Anadenanthera peregrina. Dez lotes de sementes de diferentes matrizes foram submetidos à análise automatizada de raios X para obtenção de variáveis relacionadas à morfologia da semente e integridade dos tecidos. Em seguida, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao potencial fisiológico por meio das variáveis germinação, plântulas normais, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento de plântulas, índice de uniformidade e índice de vigor. Os resultados mostraram que houve relação entre as variáveis obtidas com a análise radiográfica e as do potencial fisiológico das sementes. A maioria dos lotes com baixo potencial fisiológico apresentou menor densidade de tecido, circularidade e maior valor de assimetria positiva. A técnica de raios X pode ser considerada válida para estabelecer uma relação entre a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes, porém, parece ser mais eficiente para identificar sementes com baixo potencial fisiológico.

Abstract Solutions based on image analysis are a growing trend towards improving the quality of forest seeds. This study aimed to associate the information obtained through the processing of radiographic images with the physiological potential of Anadenanthera peregrina seeds. Ten seed lots from different mother trees were submitted to automated X-ray analysis to obtain variables related to seed morphology and tissue integrity. Then, the seeds were evaluated for their physiological potential through the variables germination, normal seedlings, germination speed index (GSI), seedling length, uniformity index, and vigor index. The results showed that there was a relationship between the variables obtained with the X-ray analysis and those of the physiological potential of the seeds. Most of the lots with low physiological potential had lower tissue density, circularity, and a higher positive skewness value. The X-ray technique can be considered valid to establish a relationship between the physical and physiological quality of seeds, however, it seems to be more efficient to identify seeds with low physiological potential.

ABSTRACT A water deficit in the soil can cause water stress in plants, triggering morphological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was evaluate the ecophysiological development of moringa seedlings under controlled water restriction. The experimental design was completely randomized at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity and six replicates. The photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit, internal carbon concentration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll and stem diameter, height, and number of leaves were measured at 9 a.m. during 21 days of restriction. The treatments differed for photosynthetic parameters. Moringa seedlings reduce gas exchange to adapt to water restrictions until 40% of field capacity. The alterations promoted by water restriction did not negatively affected plant development.