RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados ao uso do respirador N95 em estudantes de Enfermagem e Medicina no cotidiano da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-analítico transversal, realizado em 2020. Participaram 830 estudantes de três universidades do Peru. As associações foram avaliadas por meio do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e modelagem multivariada de Poisson com link de log. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a preferência de uso do respirador N95 em relação às máscaras, de acordo com a atividade exercida (p=0,001) e o local de residência (p=0,005). A análise multivariada relatou que as características associadas foram a idade, a atividade que desempenha, a percepção e o medo de ser infectado pela COVID-19. Conclusão: Na preferência de escolha do respirador N95, intervêm fatores e percepções individuais. São necessários espaços para discutir o cotidiano, o modo de viver, cuidar e educar, considerando as dimensões socioeconômicas e as crenças.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors associated with the use of the N95 respirator in Nursing and Medical students in the daily life of the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study carried out in 2020. A total of 830 students from three universities in Peru participated in the study. Associations were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-Square and multivariate Poisson modeling with log linkage. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the preference to use the N95 respirator in relation to masks according to the activity they perform (p=0.001) and where they live (p=0.005). The multivariate analysis reported that the associated characteristics were age, activity performed, perception and fear of being infected by covid-19. Conclusion: The choice of N95 respirator is influenced by individual factors and perceptions. Spaces are needed to discuss daily life, the way of living, caring and educating, considering the socioeconomic dimensions and beliefs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al uso del respirador N95 en estudiantes de Enfermería y Medicina Humana en lo cotidiano de la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-analítico transversal realizado en el año 2020. Participaron 830 estudiantes de tres universidades de Perú. Se evaluaron asociaciones mediante Chi Cuadrado de Pearson y modelamiento multivariado de Poisson con link log. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la preferencia de usar el respirador N95 en comparación con las mascarillas según la actividad que desempeñan (p=0,001) y lugar de residencia (p=0,005). El análisis multivariado reportó que las características asociadas fueron la edad, la actividad que desempeña, percepción y miedo de que podrían infectarse con COVID-19. Conclusión: En la preferencia de elegir el respirador N95, intervienen factores individuales y las percepciones. Se necesitan espacios para discutir lo cotidiano, la manera de vivir, cuidar y educar; considerando dimensiones socioeconómicas y creencias.

ABSTRACT Background: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop acute kidney injury (AKI), associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In Mexico, an AKI incidence of 60.7% was reported in patients with COVID-19. Serum cystatin C is a well-known marker for AKI. It has been postulated as a marker for mortality in Chinese patients with COVID-19. Information regarding levels of cystatin C in COVID-19-infected patients is nonexistent among Mexican or Latin American populations. Aim: This work aimed to assess the level of cystatin C as an indicator of AKI and mortality among COVID-19 patients from Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 38 adults was performed in the Regional High Specialty Hospital of the Yucatan Peninsula in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Baseline characteristics and clinical and biomechanical parameters were collected, and serum levels of cystatin C were measured by ELISA. Results: A total of 71% (27 patients) with COVID-19 developed AKI; 78% were men, and 22% were women. In addition, 60% of individuals (16 men; 7 women) died due to COVID-19 complications. Serum levels of cystatin C were higher in those individuals who developed AKI (p = 0.001). A logistic regression model indicated that individuals with serum levels of cystatin C above 0.84 ng/mL had a 23-fold increased risk of developing AKI (OR, 23.7, 95% CI, 2.59-217.00, p = 0.005). However, increased cystatin C was not independently associated with mortality in the Mexican population (HR, 1.01, 95% CI, 0.66-1.56, p = 0.959). Conclusion: The results suggest that serum levels of cystatin C indicate AKI in COVID-19 patients. Although we recommend caution when using serum cystatin C levels as an indicator of mortality among the Mexican population, it is essential to note that cystatin C elevates earlier than creatinine, which is an advantage for timely clinical interventions.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The ability to perform adequate positive pressure ventilation is necessary for neonatal clinical practice. However, there are few studies on the achievements of undergraduate students on this task. It is necessary to assess health science students' adequate positive pressure ventilation because it is vital at the beginning of their clinical activity. Objective. To evaluate the cognitive and procedural ability related to adequate positive pressure ventilation performed by 6th year medicine students and 4th year obstetrics students at a public university in Lima, Peru. Methods. We surveyed 78 medical and obstetric students in their last years of studies within six months of taking a course on neonatal resuscitation that included positive pressure ventilation theory and practice. Participants voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Previously, we validated the survey by asking three experienced neonatologists for their expert judgments on improving the survey. The survey consists of three theoretical questions as a cognitive assessment and three practice assessment criteria qualified by observing performance using neonatal manikins. Results. Medicine students had a better practical ability (p <0.001) than obstetrics students, and obstetrics students presented better theoretical knowledge (p = 0.019). However, both groups achieved limited performance within six months of taking the neonatal clinical practice course as 21.8% of all students passed both the theoretical and practical parts of this study. Conclusion. Participants from both schools require further training alternatives to achieve adequate positive pressure ventilation performance.

RESUMEN Introducción. Una adecuada ventilación con presión positiva es necesaria para la práctica clínica neonatal. Sin embargo, pocos estudios describen los logros de estudiantes de pregrado en esta tarea. Es necesario evaluar la adecuada ventilación con presión positiva en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud porque es una tarea vital al inicio de su actividad clínica. Objetivo. Evaluar habilidades cognitivas y procedimentales relacionadas con la adecuada ventilación con presión positiva de estudiantes del 6º año de medicina y 4º de obstetricia de una universidad pública de Lima, Perú. Métodos. Encuestamos a 78 estudiantes de medicina y obstetricia dentro de los seis meses posteriores a su curso sobre reanimación neonatal que incluía la teoría y la práctica de la ventilación con presión positiva. Los alumnos participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Previamente, validamos la encuesta con la opinión de tres neonatólogos sobre cómo mejorarla. La encuesta consta de tres preguntas teóricas de evaluación cognitiva y tres criterios de evaluación práctica calificados mediante observación del desempeño en maniquíes. Resultados. Los estudiantes de medicina tuvieron mejor habilidad práctica (p <0.001) y los estudiantes de obstetricia presentaron mejores conocimientos teóricos (p = 0.019). Sin embargo, ambos grupos lograron un rendimiento global limitado debido a que solamente el 21,8% de todos los estudiantes aprobaron simultáneamente las evaluaciones teórica y práctica de este estudio. Conclusión. Los participantes de ambas escuelas requieren más alternativas de entrenamiento para alcanzar un rendimiento adecuado en la realización de la ventilación con presión positiva en maniquíes neonatales.

We determined the genetic population structure and its implications within the food chain of the copepod Acartia lilljeborgii on the coast of Yucatan, by using isozymes and subsequent determination by electrophoresis. Nine systems were expressed up to 30-loci. Polymorphism and heterozygosity of the populations studied, when compared with other species of copepods were found to be low. The ST2 and PGM1 loci were expressed in all sampling sites. PGM1 showed the highest heterozygosity value (0.4728) and GPI1, with a value of 0.3200 was the lowest value. No system departed from the condition of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. FST values were between values of -0.0798 to 0.5899 and the PGM1 for FBP1. The three populations of A. lilljeborgii analyzed in the coast of Yucatan, had low variability and genetic differentiation among populations, as indicated by the genetic distance values of 0.0585 which was the largest for the populations of Chelem and Rio Lagartos, suggesting that these populations are partially isolated. However, since A. lilljeborgii diapausic or resting eggs, which can be transported in or out of these bodies of water, it is likely that this condition holds allelic and genotypic frequencies similar or very close together. The results showed the existence of gene flow, given through a passive dispersal of diapausic eggs produced by this specie.

Se determinó la estructura genética poblacional y sus implicancias dentro de la cadena trófica del copépodo Acartia lilljeborgii en la costa de Yucatán, mediante el uso de isoenzimas y su posterior determinación por electroforesis. Nueve sistemas se expresaron con un máximo de 30 loci. El polimorfismo y heterocigosis de las poblaciones estudiadas, al ser comparados con otras especies de copépodos, resultaron ser bajos y de los cuatro loci que presentaron variación, solo los loci EST2 y PGM1 se expresaron en todos los sitios de muestreo. La PGM1 presentó el mayor valor de heterocigosis (0,4728) y la GPI1 fue la de menor valor (0,3200). Ningún sistema se apartó de la condición de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Los valores de FST estuvieron entre los valores de -0,0798 para PGM1 y de 0,5899 para FBP1. Las tres poblaciones de A. lilljeborgii analizadas en la costa de Yucatán, presentaron una baja variabilidad y diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones, como lo indican los valores de distancia genética de 0,0585 que fue el mayor para las poblaciones de Chelem y de Río Lagartos, lo que sugiere que estas poblaciones están parcialmente aisladas. Sin embargo, debido a que A. lilljeborgii produce huevos diapáusicos o de reposo, que pueden ser transportados fuera o dentro de éstos cuerpos de agua, es probable que esta condición mantenga las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas similares o muy cercanas entre sí. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de flujo genético, dado a través de una dispersión pasiva de los huevos diapáusicos que produce esta especie.

The Chilean native fish are characterized for having small sizes (< 30 cm). Due to this, they are generally described with a low swimming capacity and movement; nevertheless, there is no empirical study to show it. In this study we describe the movement patterns of six native species in the San Pedro River (Aplochiton taeniatus, Galaxias maculatus, Galaxias platei, Diplomystes camposensis, Basilichthys australis y Percilia gillissi) by using marking-recapture techniques with elastomeric inks and Pit tags. Our results suggest that most of the species show passive movements, crossing distances up to about 40 km in the flow direction. Movements between river banks were also frequent, even in zones of high turbulence of the river. Active movements upstream were note clear, but the analysis of the results altogether with information of the genetic structure, abundances and distribution of the species in the watershed, allows us to conclude that the movement patterns of all species studied are relevant for the maintenance of their metapopulation dynamics.

Los peces nativos chilenos se caracterizan por ser de tamaño pequeño (<30 cm). Por ello, generalmente se les menciona como de baja capacidad de natación y desplazamiento. Sin embargo, no existen estudios empíricos que lo demuestren. En este estudio describimos los patrones de movimiento de seis especies nativas en el río San Pedro (Aplochiton taeniatus, Galaxias maculatus, Galaxias platei, Diplomystes camposensis, Basilichthys australis, Percilia gillissi y Percichthys trucha), utilizando técnicas de marcaje-recaptura mediante pinturas elastoméricas y Pit-tags. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la mayor parte de las especies presentan desplazamientos pasivos, recorriendo distancias de hasta aproximadamente 40 km en el sentido de la corriente. También fueron frecuentes los movimientos entre riberas, aún en zonas de alta turbulencia en el río. No se evidenciaron claros movimientos activos hacia aguas arriba, pero el análisis de los resultados en conjunto con información de la estructura genética, abundancias y distribución de las especies en la cuenca, nos permite concluir que los patrones de desplazamiento de todas las especies estudiadas son relevantes para la mantención de su dinámica metapoblacional.