Abstract Objective: This study aimed to develop and internally validate a prediction model for estimating the risk of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 9,895 pregnant women who received prenatal care at a maternal health facility in China from January 2021 to December 2022. Data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and mental health were collected. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to develop the prediction model with spontaneous abortion as the outcome. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping techniques, and its discrimination and calibration were assessed. Results: The spontaneous abortion rate was 5.95% (589/9,895) 1. The final prediction model included nine variables: maternal age, history of embryonic arrest, thyroid dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome, assisted reproduction, exposure to pollution, recent home renovation, depression score, and stress score 1. The model showed good discrimination with a C-statistic of 0.88 (95% CI 0.87‒0.90) 1, and its calibration was adequate based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p = 0.27). Conclusions: The prediction model demonstrated good performance in estimating spontaneous abortion risk in early pregnancy based on demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Further external validation is recommended before clinical application.

RESUMO Objetivo: A síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia é extremamente rara em adultos e tem uma fisiopatologia autoimune. Devido à raridade dessa síndrome, o reconhecimento da síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia precisa melhorar urgentemente em todo o mundo. Assim sendo, este estudo visou aumentar a conscientização sobre a síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia e ajudar os médicos para um melhor diagnóstico e o uso correto da imunoterapia. Métodos: Este é o relato de um caso adulto de síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia idiopática com movimentos oculares conjugados, multidirecionais, arrítmicos e espontâneos, mioclonia, ataxia, distúrbios do sono e medo intenso. Além disso, foram pesquisadas as publicações recentes relevantes e resumiu-se a fisiopatologia, a apresentação clínica, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia. Resultados: A paciente recuperou-se totalmente da opsoclonia, da mioclonia e da ataxia através de imunoterapia. O artigo também fornece um resumo atualizado sobre a síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia. Conclusão: Adultos com síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia têm uma baixa frequência de sequelas residuais. O diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces podem levar a melhores prognósticos. Espera-se que a imunoterapia combinada reduza a incidência da síndrome de opsoclonia-mioclonia-ataxia refratária e recorrente. Objetivo opsocloniamioclonia opsoclonia autoimune opsocloniamiocloniaataxia mundo sendo Métodos conjugados multidirecionais espontâneos intenso disso resumiuse resumiu se clínica opsocloniamiocloniaataxia. ataxia. Resultados recuperouse recuperou Conclusão residuais prognósticos Esperase Espera recorrente

ABSTRACT Purpose: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is extremely uncommon in adults with an autoimmune pathophysiology. Because of the rarity of the syndrome, international recognition of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the goal of this study was to raise the awareness of the opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome and help doctors in better diagnosing and using immunotherapy. Methods: We present a case study of an adult-onset case of idiopathic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome characterized by spontaneous arrhythmic multidirectional conjugate eye movements, myoclonus, ataxia, sleep disorders, and intense fear. Additionally, we conduct a literature search and summarize the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome. Results: Immunotherapies successfully treated the patient’s opsoclonus, myoclonus, and ataxia. Further, the article also includes an update summary of the opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of residual sequela in adults with opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome is low. Early diagnosis and treatment may result in a better prognosis. Furthermore, combined immunotherapy is expected to reduce the incidence of refractory and reoccurring opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome. Purpose Opsoclonusmyoclonus Opsoclonus myoclonus pathophysiology opsoclonusmyoclonusataxia opsoclonus ataxia urgently Therefore Methods adultonset adult onset opsoclonusmyoclonus movements disorders fear Additionally presentation Results patients patient s Further Conclusion low prognosis Furthermore

Abstract Urticaria is a distinctive pattern of inflammatory re sponse of the skin and/or mucous membranes charac terized by the sudden appearance of vanishing wheals, angioedema, or both, associated with pruritus. Acute forms are frequent and limited to outbreaks of less than 6 weeks; while the chronic ones have a prevalence of less than 1%, longer duration and can be spontaneous or inducible. The etiopathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease include autoallergy, autoimmunity, and inflam mation with cell activation, mainly of the mast cell, leading to its degranulation with the release of vasoac tive mediators. Along its approach, diagnostic confirmation, search for indicators of its etiopathogenesis, detection of cofactors that can modulate its activity, recognition of comorbidi ties, evaluation of possible biomarkers and the assess ment of disease activity, impact and control are essential. The pharmacological management aims to control the symptoms, until the urticaria, which is self-resolv ing, is gone. This is described in a stepwise fashion with increasing complexity.

Resumen La urticaria es un patrón distintivo de respuesta inflamatoria de piel y/o mucosas caracterizada por la aparición súbita de ronchas evanescentes, angioedema o ambos, asociados a prurito. Las formas agudas son frecuentes y se limitan a brotes de menos de 6 sema nas; mientras que las crónicas tienen una prevalencia menor al 1%, mayor duración y pueden ser espontáneas o inducibles. Los mecanismos etiopatogénicos involucrados en esta enfermedad incluyen la autoalergia, la autoinmunidad y la inflamación con la activación celular, principalmente del mastocito, lo que lleva a su degranulación con libe ración de mediadores vasoactivos. En su abordaje son fundamentales la confirmación diagnóstica; la búsqueda de indicadores de su etiopa togenia; la detección de cofactores que pueden modular su actividad; el reconocimiento de comorbilidades; la evaluación de posibles biomarcadores y, el impacto en la calidad de vida, el registro de la actividad y el control de la enfermedad. El manejo farmacológico tiene por objetivo controlar los síntomas, mientras la urticaria resuelve de forma espontánea. Este se describe de forma escalonada con una complejidad creciente.

There is a widely acknowledged gap between research, policy, and practice owing to a lack of capacity to translate and mobilise research results to end-users including policymakers, practitioners, and community members. Acknowledging the divide amongst researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, this conceptual paper seeks to address the following: How do we devise ways to strengthen the research-policy-practice nexus in the education landscape such that research institutions can better attend to the needs of policymakers and practitioners? How can we facilitate greater interaction among researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders to create a common understanding of the challenges, needs, and what works for all stakeholders? To do this, we propose a new approach that employs research as a mechanism for social change and uses the consciousness of the self as a resource for research. More specifically, we develop a framework that facilitates the conditions for the mutual understanding of norms, operational roles, academic rigour, and policy and practice outcomes among all stakeholders. Additionally, this framework seeks to foster increased inter-stakeholder conversations and dialogues to narrow the divide between researchers and policymakers and, correspondingly, improve policy translations from academic research.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, cresceu o interesse em compreender os mecanismos do desempenho da recuperação de serviço (DRS) na indústria hoteleira. Este estudo introduz uma perspectiva interativa que incorpora fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos, investigando a influência da liderança inclusiva e da autonomia no trabalho na autoeficácia dos funcionários, sendo que a autoeficácia medeia a suas relações com o DRS. A atuação superficial é proposta como um moderador negativo. Questionários foram aplicados a uma amostra de 83 supervisores e 350 funcionários de front office de 8 hotéis chineses. As metodologias de análise baseiam-se no PLS-SEM e análise de regressão. Os resultados mostram que a liderança inclusiva e a autonomia no trabalho contribuem para uma autoeficácia forte e um DRS aprimorado. A atuação superficial modera a relação entre a liderança inclusiva e a autoeficácia, mas não entre a autonomia no trabalho e a autoeficácia. Esta pesquisa transversal oferece implicações práticas para os gestores hoteleiros, fornecendo orientações para promover ambientes que estimulem a autoeficácia e aprimorem o DRS. As limitações incluem a dependência de medidas autorrelatadas e um design transversal. Pesquisas futuras podem explorar outros moderadores e mediadores, diferentes setores industriais e utilizar designs longitudinais ou experimentais para estabelecer causalidade.

Abstract In recent decades, interest has grown in understanding the mechanisms of service recovery performance (SRP) in the hospitality industry. This study introduces an interactive perspective incorporating both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, investigating the roles of inclusive leadership and job autonomy on employee self-efficacy, with self-efficacy mediating their relationships with SRP. Surface acting is proposed as a negative moderator. A sample of 83 supervisors and 350 frontline employees from 8 Chinese hotels completed questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM in Smart PLS 4 and regression analysis in SPSS 25. Results show that inclusive leadership and job autonomy contribute to strong self-efficacy and enhanced SRP. Surface acting moderates the relationship between inclusive leadership and self-efficacy but not between job autonomy and self-efficacy. This cross-sectional survey offers practical implications for hospitality managers, providing guidance on fostering environments that promote self-efficacy and enhance SRP. Limitations include reliance on self-reported measures and a cross-sectional design. Future research could explore other moderators and mediators, different industries, and use longitudinal or experimental designs to establish causality.

Abstract Objectives: manganese (Mn) is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR), but the exact mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects and mechanism of Mn on IR using hepatocyte IR model induced by high palmitate (PA), high glucose (HG) or insulin. Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to PA (200 µM), HG (25 mM) or insulin (100 nM) respectively, alone or with 5 µM Mn for 24 hours. The expression of key proteins in insulin signaling pathway, intracellular glycogen content and glucose accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity were detected. Results: compared with control group, the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the three IR groups was declined, and this decrease was reversed by Mn. The reduction of intracellular glycogen content and increase in glucose accumulation in IR groups were also inhibited by Mn. Additionally, the production of ROS was increased in IR models, compared with normal control group, while Mn reduced the excessive production of ROS induced by PA, HG or insulin. However, Mn did not alter the activity of MnSOD in the three IR models. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that Mn treatment can improve IR in hepatocytes. The mechanism is probably by reducing the level of intracellular oxidative stress, enhancing the activity of Akt/GSK-3β/FOXO1 signal pathway, promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

Resumen Objetivos: el manganeso (Mn) está estrechamente relacionado con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la resistencia a la insulina (RI), pero el mecanismo exacto aún no está claro. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los efectos reguladores y el mecanismo del Mn sobre la RI utilizando un modelo de RI en hepatocitos inducido por palmitato alto (PA), glucosa alta (HG) o insulina. Métodos: las células HepG2 se expusieron a PA (200 µM), HG (25 mM) o insulina (100 nM), solas o junto con 5 µM de Mn durante 24 horas. Se evaluó la expresión de proteínas clave en la vía de señalización de la insulina, el contenido intracelular de glucógeno y la acumulación de glucosa, el nivel de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y la actividad superóxido dismutasa del manganeso (MnSOD). Resultados: en comparación con el grupo de control, la expresión de proteína quinasa B fosforilada (Akt), la glucógeno sintasa quinasa-3β (GSK-3β) y la proteína forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) en los tres grupos de RI se redujo, y esta disminución fue revertida por el Mn. La reducción del contenido de glucógeno intracelular y el aumento de la acumulación de glucosa en los grupos de RI también fueron inhibidos por el Mn. Además, la producción de ROS aumentó en los modelos de RI en comparación con el grupo de control normal. Mientras que el Mn redujo la producción excesiva de ROS inducida por PA, HG o insulina. Sin embargo, el Mn no alteró la actividad de la MnSOD en los tres modelos de RI. Conclusión: este estudio demostró que el tratamiento con Mn puede mejorar la RI en hepatocitos. El mecanismo probablemente sea mediante la reducción del nivel de estrés oxidativo intracelular, mejorando la actividad de la vía de señalización Akt/GSK-3β/FOXO1, promoviendo la síntesis de glucógeno e inhibiendo la gluconeogénesis.

SUMMARY: At present, the anatomical relationship the mid-portion of popliteus tendon complex (PTC) and the surrounding tissues is still unclear, especially its relationship to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It affected the anatomical reconstruction of the posterolateral complex (PLC) injury. A total of 30 cases of the adult human knee joint fixed with formalin were used. Sagittal sections were made in 14 knee joints by the P45 plastination technique and dissection of 16 cases of knee joints. The P45 section revealed that the popliteus muscle fascia ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibial intercondylar eminence, and turned forward to be integrated into the PCL. Laterally, near the posterior edge of the lateral tibial plateau, the popliteus tendon penetrates through the articular capsule (AC), where two dense fibrous bundles were given off upwards by the popliteus tendon: one was the ventral fiber bundle, which ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibial plateau and then moved forwards to connect with the lateral meniscus; the dorsal fibers bundle ascended directly and participated in the AC. Meanwhile, the popliteus muscle dissection showed that at the posterior edge of the platform of the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the tendon-muscle transition, the PTC and AC were anchored to PCL.

RESUMEN: En la actualidad, la relación anatómica entre la porción media del complejo tendinoso poplíteo (CTP) y los tejidos circundantes aún no está clara, especialmente su relación con el ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP). Esto afecta la reconstrucción anatómica de la lesión del complejo posterolateral (LCP). Se utilizaron un total de 30 casos de articulaciones de rodillas humanas de individuos adultos fijadas con formalina. Se realizaron cortes sagitales en 14 articulaciones de rodilla mediante la técnica de plastinación P45 y disección de 16 casos de articulaciones de rodilla. La sección P45 reveló que la fascia del músculo poplíteo discurría superiormente sobre el margen posterior de la eminencia intercondílea tibial y giraba hacia delante para integrarse en el LCP. Lateralmente, cerca del margen posterior de la platillo tibial lateral, el tendón poplíteo penetra a través de la cápsula articular (CA), donde el tendón poplíteo desprendió hacia arriba dos haces fibrosos densos: uno era el haz de fibras ventral, que corría superiormente sobre el margen posterior de la meseta tibial y luego se movió hacia adelante para conectar con el menisco lateral; el haz de fibras dorsales ascendía directamente y participaba en la CA. Por su parte, la disección del músculo poplíteo mostró que en el margen posterior del platillo del cóndilo lateral de la tibia, en la transición tendón-músculo, el CTP y el AC estaban anclados al LCP.

Resumen En la última década, el marketing digital ha obtenido una atención creciente en la investigación sobre lujo y entre quienes lo practican. Sin embargo, aparentemente, los que han mantenido el paso de la evolución de las tecnologías digitales avanzadas en el marketing de lujo o tienen un conocimiento profundo de cómo implementar estratégicamente el marketing digital en el ámbito del lujo son pocos. Al hacer un inventario de la literatura existente sobre investigación en marketing digital en el mercado de alta gama, este estudio se propone rastrear los cambios en el mismo al considerar temas y cuestiones relacionadas con el lujo. En el artículo figuran contribuciones de un examen del estado del campo del segmento de investigación más Amplio sobre lujo, para el cual se uso el proyector de datos VOSViewer con el cual se identifican los estudios y a los autores que mayor influencia han tenido en este tema. Mediante la combinación de análisis bibliométrico y la revisión de la literatura, el objetivo del presente estudio es mitigar las limitaciones de la revisión tradicional de la literatura (por ej., con sesgo en la interpretación) y obtener hallazgos esclarecedores. Con miras a desarrollar un marco conceptual, identificamos cinco grupos principales de investigación mediante el análisis de las palabras clave que surgieron de las publicaciones destacadas y de los autores influyentes, y la fuerza de las percepciones en relación con las marcas y redes de investigaciones previas. Por último, el estudio ofrece indicaciones detalladas para campos potenciales de investigación que serían sumamente relevantes tanto para los académicos como para quienes realizan el marketing.

Abstract In the past decade, digital marketing has gained an increasing amount of attention in luxury research and among practitioners. However, it appears that few have kept pace with the evolution of advanced digital technologies in luxury marketing or have a thorough understanding of how to implement digital marketing in the luxury field strategically. Taking stock of the extant literature on digital marketing in luxury research, this study aims to track the changes in digital marketing when considering luxury-related topics and issues. Featuring contributions from a state-of-thefield review of the broader luxury research segment, this study uses VOSViewer data visualizer to identify the most influential studies and authors in the field. Through the combination of bibliometric analysis and literature review, this study aims to mitigate the limitations of traditional literature review (e.g. interpretation bias) and obtain insightful findings. With a view to developing a conceptual framework, we identify five major research clusters by analyzing emerging keywords, leading journals, and influential authors, and leveraging insights concerning the trends and networks in previous research. Ultimately, the study offers insightful directions for potential areas of research that would be highly relevant to both academics and practitioners.

ABSTRACT Purpose Targeted biopsy (TB) combined with systematic biopsy (SB) is an optimized mode of prostate biopsy but can often lead to oversampling and overdiagnosis accompanied by potential biopsy-related complications and patient discomfort. Here, we attempted to reasonably stratify the patient population based on multi-parameter indicators with the aim of avoiding unnecessary SB. Methods In total, 340 biopsy-naïve men with suspected lesions, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 20 ng/mL and prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) ≥ 3 enrolled for study underwent both TB and SB. The primary outcome was to determine independent predictors for a valid diagnosis, assuming that only TB was performed and SB omitted (defined as mono-TB), taking TB + SB as the reference standard. The secondary outcomes were exploration of the predictive factors of mono-TB and TB + SB in detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa). Results The mean PSA density (PSAD) of patient group was 0.27 ng/mL/mL. Multiparametric MRI PI-RADS scores were 3-5 in 146 (42.94%), 105 (30.88%), and 89 (26.18%) cases, respectively. PCa and csPCa were detected in 178/340 (52.35%) and 162/340 (47.65%) patients, respectively. Overall, 116/178 (65.17%) patients diagnosed with PCa displayed pathological consistencies between mono-TB and TB + SB modes. PSAD and PI-RADS were independent predictors of valid diagnosis using mono-TB. Conclusions PSAD combined with PI-RADS showed utility in guiding optimization of the prostate biopsy mode. Higher PSAD and PI-RADS values were associated with greater confidence in implementing mono-TB and safely omitting SB, thus effectively balancing the benefits and risks.

Trans/plurilingual theory and pedagogies have been generating extensive attention within global English language teaching and teacher education. This article responds to the burgeoning area of trans/plurilingual pedagogies, outlining diverse pedagogical practices and perspectives from a group of English language educators at a large, cosmopolitan Canadian university. Considering recent assertions that there are onto-epistemological differences between multilingualism, plurilingualism, and translingualism, this article looks to demonstrate how (or even if) these differences manifest in the pedagogical practices of diverse faculty within the same language teaching and teacher education programs. Drawing on multiethnographic data, this article concludes with a discussion of the potential and limitations of critical pedagogies, the affordances of multiethnography as an accessible methodology for use by researchers and pedagogues, and a call for greater bi-directional knowledge flow between language researchers and classroom instructors.

A teoria e as pedagogias trans/plurilíngues têm gerado uma atenção extensiva dentro do ensino global da língua inglesa e formação de professores. Este artigo responde à crescente área de pedagogias trans/plurilíngues, esboçando diversas práticas e perspectivas pedagógicas de um grupo de educadores de língua inglesa em uma grande e cosmopolita universidade canadense. Tomando como ponto de partida a afirmação recente de que existem diferenças epistemológicas entre multilinguismo, plurilinguismo e translinguismo, este artigo procura demonstrar como (ou mesmo se) essas diferenças se manifestam nas práticas pedagógicas de diversos docentes dentro de um mesmo programa de ensino de línguas e de formação de professores. Este artigo conclui com uma discussão sobre o potencial e as limitações das pedagogias "críticas", as possibilidades da multietnografia como uma metodologia acessível para uso por pesquisadores e pedagogos, e um apelo para um maior fluxo de conhecimento bidirecional entre pesquisadores de idiomas e instrutores de sala de aula.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes nearly 300 million chronic infections globally. Healthcare workers face up to four times the risk of HBV infection through occupational exposure to contaminated blood and bodily fluids. Health sciences students (HSSs) are regarded as at an even greater risk as they embark on their clinical training journey. While chronic hepatitis B is incurable, it can be prevented by the safe and effective hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). The South African National Department of Health recommends at least three doses of vaccine (HepB3) for HSSs before patient contact. However, data on policy implementation at training institutions, vaccine coverage and HBV immunity in HSSs are lacking or limited OBJECTIVES: To investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of HSSs at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in relation to international guidelines and institutional HepB programmes included in the Wits vaccination policy. Sociodemographic factors predicting HepB uptake were also investigated METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2021. An electronic, self-administered survey was emailed to all current HSSs (N=3 785). The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of and attitudes towards HepB-related international guidelines and Wits policies, and HepB uptake and vaccine practices at Wits. Descriptive statistical analyses, followed by multivariable regression modelling, were used to identify factors associated with HepB uptake RESULTS: A response rate of only 7.1% yielded 269 returned surveys, of which 221 were adequate for analysis. Most respondents were female (69.2%), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 22.5 (3.5) years, and were studying a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MB BCh) degree (76.9%). Only 78% of those students who reported a history of vaccination (89.1% of study sample) reported a completed vaccine series. The only significant predictor, when adjusted for interactions, was being enrolled in MB BCh compared with other courses (odds ratio 4.69; p=0.026). Students displayed higher levels of knowledge around institutional (Wits) vaccine recommendations (94.1%) compared with international recommendations (75.6%). Most students were in favour of mandatory vaccination (91.4%), but not of serological testing following vaccination (42.5%). Half of our students received vaccinations in private facilities, but no follow-up or record was made of this by the designated Wits Campus Health and Wellness Centre CONCLUSION: Institutional HepB policies are suboptimal, with no centralised co-ordination or implementation strategy. Urgent efforts are required to create awareness around policy and management, ensure vaccination coverage in this high-risk group, and foster positive practices with adequate monitoring

Abstract Introduction: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease in which there is excessive fat deposition in hepatocytes due to hepatoprotective factors. Objectives: to assess the association of the triglyceride-glucose index with the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality in elderly inpatients. To identify the TyG index as a predictive factor of NAFLD. Methods: this prospective observational study included elderly inpatients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology at the Linyi Geriatrics Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong Medical College, between August 2020 and April 2021. The TyG index was calculated according to an established formula: TyG = Ln [triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) × Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dl) / 2]. Result: a total of 264 patients were enrolled, with 52 (19.7 %) cases occurred NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TyG (OR = 3.889; 95 % CI: 1.134-11.420; p = 0.014) and ALT (OR = 1.064; 95 % CI: 1.012-1.118; p = 0.015) were independently associated with the occurrence of NAFLD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TyG was 0.727, with sensitivity = 80.4 % and specificity = 57.8 % at cut off = 8.71. A Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes TyG > 8.71 (HR = 3.191; 95 % CI: 1.347 to 7.560; p < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for mortality in the elderly. Conclusions: the TyG index can predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality in elderly Chinese inpatients.

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) es una enfermedad en la que una cantidad excesiva de grasa se acumula en los hepatocitos debido a factores hepatoprotectores. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación entre el índice glucemia-triglicéridos con la presencia de hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados de avanzada edad. Identificar el índice TyG como factor predictivo de la EHGNA. Métodos: este estudio observacional y prospectivo incluyó a pacientes de avanzada edad hospitalizados en el Departamento de Endocrinología del Hospital de Geriatría de Linyi, Afiliado al Colegio Médico de Shandong, entre agosto de 2020 y abril de 2021. El índice TyG se calculó según una fórmula establecida: TyG = Ln [triglicéridos (TG) (mg/dl) × Glucosa en sangre en ayunas (FPG) (mg/dl) / 2]. Resultado: se incluyeron 264 pacientes, con 52 (19,7 %) casos de EHGNA. El análisis de regresión logística multivariante mostró que el TyG (razón de momios (OR) = 3,889; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 1,134-11,420; p = 0,014) y ALT (razón de momios (OR) = 1,064; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 1,012-1,118; p = 0,015) se asociaban de forma independiente con la aparición de EHGNA. Además, el análisis de la curva de características operativas del receptor (ROC) mostró que el área bajo la curva (AUC) de TyG era de 0,727, con una sensibilidad del 80,4 % y una especificidad del 57,8 % en el punto de corte de 8,71. El modelo de regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox mostró que, tras ajustar por edad, sexo, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2, un TyG > 8,71 (HR = 3,191; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 1,347 a 7,560; p < 0,001) era un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad para los paciente de edad avanzada. Conclusiones: el índice TyG puede predecir la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y la mortalidad en pacientes chinos hospitalizados de avanzada edad.

Abstract: Chuang Tzu (《庄子》), as a traditional Chinese canon, has been translated into English for more than 100 years since 1881, successfully carving a niche in the realm of world literature, which has become an earth-shattering cultural event in the academia of overseas sinology and world literature. According to statistics, the book has been translated into 12 full translations, 50 selected translations, and two adaptations. The metamorphosis process of “full translation - deep translation - diversified retranslation”, has passed through four stages, namely religious, literary, philosophical, and diversified reinterpretation phases. Thus, from the perspective of Damrosch’s view of world literature, this paper summarizes the characteristics of different stages based on different spatial-temporal contexts. In the light of translation form, translational outcomes, and translation mode of reading, the path in which Chuang Tzu entered into the field of world literature is specified for the operational mechanism of promoting national literature to world literature, which is dedicated to the enlightenment for practical translation work of introducing Chinese literature abroad. Meanwhile, by reviewing the history of English translations of Chuang Tzu, this paper sums up the deficiencies of current translation activities and research activities, with an attempt to provide constructive suggestions as well as to point out the direction for the future development of overseas studies of Chuang Tzu.

Resumo: Chuang Tzu (《庄子》), como um cânone tradicional chinês, foi traduzido para o inglês por mais de 100 anos, desde 1881, conquistando com sucesso um nicho no reino da literatura mundial, que se tornou um evento cultural devastador na academia de sinologia ultramarina e literatura mundial. Segundo as estatísticas, o livro foi traduzido em 12 traduções completas, 50 traduções selecionadas e duas adaptações. No processo de metamorfose da “tradução completa - tradução profunda - retradução diversificada”, passou por quatro fases, nomeadamente fases religiosas, literárias, filosóficas e reinterpretações diversificadas. Assim, na perspectiva da visão de Damrosch a respeito da literatura mundial, o artigo resume as características de diferentes estágios, com base em diferentes contextos espaço-temporais. À luz da forma tradutória, dos resultados tradutórios e do modo de leitura tradutória, especifica-se o caminho pelo qual Chuang Tzu entrou no campo da literatura mundial, para apreender o mecanismo operacional de promoção da literatura nacional à literatura mundial, que se dedica ao esclarecimento para o trabalho prático de tradução da introdução da literatura chinesa no exterior. Enquanto isso, revisando a história das traduções inglesas de Chuang Tzu, o artigo resume as deficiências das atuais atividades de tradução e pesquisa, com a tentativa de fornecer sugestões construtivas, bem como apontar a direção para o desenvolvimento futuro de estudos de Chuang Tzu no exterior.

ABSTRACT Root growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) is an important process in determining grain yield. The effects of combined fulvic acid (FA, potassium humate as FA source) and super absorbent polymer (SAP) uses on maize root growth and yield were studied. A 2×3 factorial field experiment was applied by combining two SAP doses (0, 45 kg ha-1) and three FA rates (0, 1, and 2 g L-1) over 2 yr. Super absorbent polymer was applied to upper 20 cm soil layer at sowing, and FA solutions (1 or 2 g L-1, corresponding to FA1 and FA2) were sprayed onto the canopy three times during growing season. Root parameters, including root biomass, root length density (RLD), root surface-area density (RSD), and root diameter, were determined in the top 40 cm soil layer. Relative to control plants, both chemicals significantly increased root biomass, but these effects were not significantly different from their combined use. Compared to individual FA or SAP treatment, combined applications increased RLD and RSD in 0-20 cm depth. The combined SAP and FA2 improved RLD at 0-10 cm by 32% compared to FA2 treatment alone and by 82% compared to non-chemicals control plots over 2 yr. Averaged root diameters also significantly increased in the 40 cm soil layer in FA and SAP treatments alone compared to control, but they were not significantly different with the combined treatment. Similar patterns were found for maize yield each year. The combined application of SAP (45 kg ha-1) and FA2 (2 g L-1) greatly increased root length density and biomass than their individual application, and it could be suitable for high production of maize grown under low rainfall conditions.

Abstract Background Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder caused by aberrant wound healing following skin injuries such as burns, lacerations and surgery, is characterized by invasive proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The dysregulation of autophagy is the pathological basis of HS formation. Previously, angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) was found to be overexpressed in HS fibroblasts (HSFs) compared with normal skin fibroblasts. However, whether ANGPT2 participates in the process of HS formation and the potential molecular mechanisms are not clear. Objective This study is intended to figure out the role of ANGPT2 and ANGPT2-mediated autophagy during the development of HS. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect ANGPT2 expression in HS tissues and HSFs. HSFs were transfected with sh-ANGPT2 to knock down ANGPT2 expression and then treated with MHT1485, the mTOR agonist. The effects of sh-ANGPT2 or MHT1485 on the proliferation, migration, autophagy and ECM accumulation of HSFs were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and western blotting. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related molecules (p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR) was assessed by western blotting. Results ANGPT2 expression was markedly upregulated in HS tissues and HSFs. ANGPT2 knockdown decreased the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. ANGPT2 knockdown activated autophagy and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs. Additionally, the treatment of MHT1485, the mTOR agonist, on ANGPT2-downregulated HSFs, partially reversed the influence of ANGPT2 knockdown on HSFs. Study limitations The study lacks the establishment of more stable in vivo animal models of HS for investigating the effects of ANGPT2 on HS formation in experimental animals. Conclusions ANGPT2 downregulation represses growth, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs via autophagy activation by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our study provides a novel potential therapeutic target for HS.