Abstract The soil is a very important natural body for the development of crops and plant species, because it provides support to the roots of plants, it also provides nutrients for their development and production, depending on the type of soil and its properties. Knowing and quantifying soils is necessary to plan agricultural, livestock, forestry, urban, mining and conservation activities. The objectives of this work were: 1) to update the 1:50 000 soil mapping per municipality in the State of Mexico; and 2) quantify the surface of the soils and know their location to identify areas of productive reconversion. The cartography was generated with the digitization of the 1:50 000 scale soil charts, with a geographic information system (GIS), its database was generated: primary soils, secondary soils, physical phase, chemical phase and texture; this database was updated to the 2015 WRB soils version. The soils with the largest and most productive areas are: Andosols with 479 908 ha, Pheozems with 472 718 ha, Vertisols with 241 485 ha and Cambisols with 196 047 ha. These predominate in the municipalities of Aculco, Toluca, Acambay, Jilotepec, Axapusco, Ixtlahuaca and Almoloya de Juárez.

Resumen El suelo es un cuerpo natural muy importante para el desarrollo de cultivos y especies vegetales, debido a que provee el soporte a las raíces de las plantas, además aporta nutrientes para su desarrollo y producción, dependiendo del tipo de suelo y sus propiedades. Conocer y cuantificar los suelos es necesario para planear las actividades agrícolas, pecuarias, forestales, urbanas, mineras y de conservación. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: 1) actualizar la cartografía edafológica 1:50 000 por municipio del Estado de México; y 2) cuantificar la superficie de los suelos y conocer su ubicación para identificar áreas de reconversión productiva. La cartografía se generó con la digitalización de las cartas edafológicas escala 1:50 000, con un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), se generó su base de datos: suelos primarios, suelos secundarios, fase física, fase química y textura; esta base de datos se actualizó a la versión de suelos 2015 de la WRB. Los suelos con mayor superficie y más productivos son: Andosoles con 479 908 ha, Feozems con 472 718 ha, Vertisoles con 241 485 ha y Cambisoles con 196 047 ha. Estos predominan en los municipios de Aculco, Toluca, Acambay, Jilotepec, Axapusco, Ixtlahuaca y Almoloya de Juárez.

Abstract The maize is the most widely consumed grain worldwide, to feed the population, livestock and industry; however, production and yields are decreasing day; therefore, it is essential to the identification and delimitation of areas with potential for development and production of maize to help meet the demand for grain. The objective of this research was to generate and implement a methodology for multi-criteria analysis as an alternative for zoning and delimitation of areas with aptitude for maize. The work was done for the State of Mexico. The information climate, soil and topography, where each variable is given a numerical value, according to the influence they have on the adaptation, development and yield of maize was used. The results show that the State of Mexico has 471 902 and 244 718 has very good and good productivity for rainfed maize. The variables that have a greater say in defining adaptation of maize are temperature, altitude, rainfall and soil types.

Resumen El maíz es el grano de mayor consumo a nivel mundial, para la alimentación de la población, el ganado y en la industria; sin embargo, su producción y rendimientos son cada día menores; por lo tanto, es indispensable la identificación y delimitación de áreas con potencial para el desarrollo y producción del maíz para ayudar a satisfacer la demanda de este grano. El objetivo de esta investigación fue generar y aplicar una metodología de análisis multicriterio como una alternativa para la zonificación y delimitación de las zonas con aptitud para maíz. El trabajo se realizó para el Estado de México. Se utilizó la información de clima, suelo y fisiografía, donde a cada variable se le dio un valor numérico, según la influencia que tienen en la adaptación, desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz. Los resultados muestran que el Estado de México presenta 471 902 y 244 718 ha de muy buena y buena productividad para maíz de temporal. Las variables que tienen un mayor peso en la definición de la adaptación del maíz son la temperatura, altura, precipitación y tipos de suelos.

Mapas de solos locais gerado unidades do mapa diretamente relacionadas às propriedades de solo-paisagem. Portanto, para ter em conta o conhecimento dos agricultores é fundamental para automatizar o processo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a cartografia assistida por computador (CAC) das classes de solos locais, por meio de várias combinações de atributos topográficos produzidos em GIS (modelo numérico do terreno, aspecto, declividade e curvatura do perfil). O método da árvore de decisão foi utilizado para localizar o número de atributos topográficos necessários à produção de cartografia digital das classes de solo. Os mapas produzidos foram avaliados usando o atributo de qualidade do mapa, definido como sua precisão e exatidão dos mapas produzidos pelo CAC. A avaliação foi realizada no centro do México, com três mapas de classes de solos locais com diferentes paisagens e condições climáticas: árida, temperada e tropical. Os resultados mostraram que, nas três áreas estudadas, os mapas produzidos pelo CAC, usando o atributo de elevação como característica topográfica, obtiveram a maior precisão (56 %). No entanto, a exatidão dos mapas (localização dos limites) foi menor: 33 %. Isso significa que a precisão dos mapas produzidos ainda permanece baixa, havendo necessidade de novas pesquisas para melhorar esse indicador.

Map units directly related to properties of soil-landscape are generated by local soil classes. Therefore to take into consideration the knowledge of farmers is essential to automate the procedure. The aim of this study was to map local soil classes by computer-assisted cartography (CAC), using several combinations of topographic properties produced by GIS (digital elevation model, aspect, slope, and profile curvature). A decision tree was used to find the number of topographic properties required for digital cartography of the local soil classes. The maps produced were evaluated based on the attributes of map quality defined as precision and accuracy of the CAC-based maps. The evaluation was carried out in Central Mexico using three maps of local soil classes with contrasting landscape and climatic conditions (desert, temperate, and tropical). In the three areas the precision (56 %) of the CAC maps based on elevation as topographical feature was higher than when based on slope, aspect and profile curvature. The accuracy of the maps (boundary locations) was however low (33 %), in other words, further research is required to improve this indicator.