Abstract There is an increasing interest in essential oils extracted from Verbenaceae plant species as potential sources of biologically active compounds that could provide a starting point for designing novel phyto-pharmaceuticals in aquaculture. The present study was aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, acute toxicity and antimicrobial effects against Vibrio parahaemolyticus of essential oils extracted from Lippia alba and L. origanoides. Approximately 23 components were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection in each species’ essential oil. The most predominant compounds were geranial (23.0%), limonene (17.0%) and neral (15.5%) in L. alba, and thymol (47.2%), p-cymene (16.0%) and E-caryophyllene (11.3%) in L. origanoides. The essential oils have antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus presenting Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 156-625 µg mL-1. The essential oils also show antioxidant potential estimated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays, presenting IC50 of 60.16 mg mL-1 and 0.22 mg mL-1 for L. alba and L. origanoides EO, respectively. Both oils were classified as toxic to Artemia salina nauplii. Therefore, these essential oils may be useful for controlling pathogenic bacteria important to the aquaculture industry.

Abstract The combination of ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge is an important tool in indicating priority species for conservation. We sought to gather ethnobotanical knowledge on the diversity and use of woody medicinal plants in the Chapada Araripe region, assessing the real availability of woody medicinal resources in the Araripe Forests in the cerrado and carrasco areas, and indicate priority species for conservation. A total of 107 species were recorded in the ethnobotanical surveys, classified into 39 families and 83 genera, of which 92 species, 36 families and 70 genera for the cerrado areas, and 47 species, 25 families and 39 genera, for the carrasco areas. 59% were present in the phytosociological surveys for cerrado and 38% for carrascos. Species with high versatility of medicinal use did not necessarily have high local availability, and some were not recorded in the sampling. Thirteen species in cerrados and four in carrascos were indicated as conservation priorities. Use not aligned of species with the reality of the present time can indeed affect the vegetation landscape, and in a future scenario, not taking local measures to conserve protected forest resources, besides increasing the lists of local conservation priorities, can affect economic practices, increasing social and environmental conflicts.

Extratos das sementes de Annona squamosa demonstraram atividade anti-helmíntica contra Haemonchus contortus, o principal nematódeo de ovinos e caprinos no Nordeste do Brasil. O composto 1 foi isolado do extrato acetato de etila e inibiu a eclosão dos ovos de H. contortus a 25 mg ml-1. A estrutura de 1 foi determinada como uma acetogenina C37 tri-hidroxi bis-tetrahydrofurano adjacente, baseando-se nos dados espectrais.

Annona squamosa seeds extracts showed anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus, the main nematode of sheep and goat in Northeastern Brazil. A compound 1 was isolated from ethyl acetate extract and inhibited the egg hatching of H. contortus at 25 mg ml-1. The structure of 1 was determined as a C37 trihydroxy adjacent bistetrahydrofuran acetogenin based on spectroscopic analysis.

O objetivo do trabalho foi, através de medidas de consumo e utilização de alimento, determinar, entre 25 e 30ºC, qual a temperatura mais adequada para criação de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) e Heliothis virescens (Fabr.) em dieta artificial. Foram estudadas 50 lagartas por espécie, individualizadas em recipientes de vidro de 8,5 cm de comprimento x 2,5 cm de diâmetro e mantidas a 25 e 30ºC, UR de 60±10% e fotofase de 14h. Foram determinados, com base em matéria seca, o peso de lagarta no máximo desenvolvimento, do alimento consumido e das fezes eliminadas, e os índices nutricionais: taxa de consumo relativo (RCR), taxa de crescimento relativo (RGR), taxa metabólica relativa (RMR), digestibilidade aparente (AD), eficiência de conversão do alimento ingerido (ECI) e eficiência de conversão do alimento digerido (ECD). Para S. frugiperda a condição térmica mais adequada foi a de 30ºC, por proporcionar maior peso no máximo desenvolvimento, maior ganho de peso, maior razão de crescimento, maior ECI, maior ECD e menor custo metabólico. Por outro lado, tanto para H. virescens como para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença nos índices nutricionais, avaliados nas duas condições térmicas. Assim, por uma geração, e baseando-se em índices nutricionais, a temperatura mais elevada é recomendada para manutenção de S. frugiperda em laboratório. Para as outras espécies, é indiferente criá-las a 25 ou a 30ºC.

The goal of this work was to determine the most suitable temperature for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) and Heliothis virescens (Fabr.) in artificial diet, by means of measures of food intake and utilization between 25 and 30ºC. Fifty worms per species, individualized and kept in 8.5 cm long and 2.5 cm diameter glass containers were studied at the temperatures mentioned, 60±10% RH, and 14 hour photophase. Based on dry matter, one determined worm weight at maximum development, food consumed and feces eliminated at both conditions (25 and 30ºC) and the nutritional ratios: relative consumption ratio (RCR), relative growth ratio (RGR), relative metabolic ratio (RMR), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD). The most suitable temperature for S. frugiperda was 30ºC since it provided higher weight at the maximum development, higher weight gain, higher growth ratio, higher ECI, higher ECD, and lower metabolic cost. On the other hand, no differences regarding nutritional rates were observed for either H. virescens or D. saccharalis evaluated at both thermal conditions. Thus, for one generation and based on nutritional rates, the highest temperature (30ºC) is recommended for laboratory maintenance of S. frugiperda. As for the other species, rearing at 25 or 30ºC is indifferent.