RESUMO A divulgação de informações sobre qualidade das águas para um público não especialista é fundamental para subsidiar ações políticas e institucionais de gestão dos ambientes aquáticos. Para tanto, índices de qualidade de água têm sido propostos por serem capazes de sintetizar em um único valor ou categoria a informação, normalmente descrita a partir de um conjunto extenso de variáveis de qualidade de água. Este trabalho propõe um novo índice de qualidade de água, IQAFAL, baseado em lógica nebulosa, direcionado para o ambiente lótico, desenvolvido com a colaboração do quadro de especialistas da área de qualidade de água do Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA). O índice proposto foi aplicado a dados de qualidade de água do Rio Paraíba do Sul, obtidos pelo INEA, nos anos de 2002 a 2009. Os resultados do IQAFAL mostraram que esse índice foi capaz de descrever a qualidade da água desse trecho do Rio Paraíba do Sul, correspondendo satisfatoriamente às avaliações de qualidade de água contidas nos relatórios disponíveis. Verificou-se também que com essa metodologia foi possível evitar que a influência de uma variável em condições críticas fosse atenuada pela influência das outras variáveis em condições favoráveis, produzindo um resultado impreciso no índice final.

ABSTRACT The dissemination of information on water quality for a non-specialist audience is essential to support political and institutional actions for the management of aquatic environments. Therefore, water quality indices have been proposed since they are able to synthesize into a single value or category information, usually described from an extensive set of water quality variables. This research proposes a new water quality index, based on fuzzy logic, aimed at lotic environments, developed through the collaboration of experts in water quality of the Rio de Janeiro Environmental Agency (Instituto Estadual do Ambiente - INEA). The proposed index was applied to water quality data from the Paraíba do Sul River, obtained by INEA, in the years 2002 to 2009. The results of IQAFAL showed that the index was able to synthesize the water quality of this stretch of the Paraíba do Sul, satisfactorily matching the assessments of the water quality assessments contained in the reports available. It was also noticed that with this methodology it was possible to avoid the attenuation of the influence of a variable in critical condition was attenuated by the influence of other variables in favorable conditions, producing an inaccurate result in the final index.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the behavior of platelets after transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for the treatment of degenerated bioprosthesis and how they correlate with adverse events upon follow-up. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 28 patients who received a valve-in-valve implant, 5 in aortic, 18 in mitral and 5 in tricuspid positions. Data were compared with 74 patients submitted to conventional redo valvular replacements during the same period, and both groups' platelet curves were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics(r) 20 for Windows. Results: All patients in the valve-in-valve group developed thrombocytopenia, 25% presenting mild (<150.000/µL), 54% moderate (<100.000/µL) and 21% severe (<50.000/µL) thrombocytopenia. The platelet nadir was on the 4th postoperative day for aortic ViV, 2nd for mitral and 3rd for tricuspid patients, with the majority of patients recovering regular platelet count. However, the aortic subgroup comparison between valve-in-valve and conventional surgery showed a statistically significant difference from the 7th day onwards, where valve-in-valve patients had more severe and longer lasting thrombocytopenia. This, however, did not translate into a higher postoperative risk. In our study population, postoperative thrombocytopenia did not correlate with greater occurrence of adverse outcomes and only normal preoperative platelet count could significantly predict a postoperative drop >50%. Conclusion: Although thrombocytopenia is an extremely common finding after valve-in-valve procedures, the degree of platelet count drop did not correlate with greater incidence of postoperative adverse outcomes in our study population.

Sessenta éguas Puro Sangue de Corrida (PSC) serviram como material para este trabalho. O colostro foi colhido antes do produto mamar e 12 horas após, para se avaliar a cor, a viscosidade, a gravidade específica (GE) e a concentração de imunoglobulinas (Ig) colostrais. Avaliou-se a correlação desses dados com a concentração de Ig sérica dos potrinhos das 3 horas até 7 dias após a primeira mamada. A lactação prematura (LP) influenciou negativamente a concentração de Ig colostral e sérica dos produtos, estando o seu nível sérico de Ig diretamente ligado à quantidade e qualidade de colostro ingerido. A determinação da GE através do colostrômetro foi rápida e precisa. Colostros com GE maior que 1060 possuíam Ig superior a 9,0g/dl e os níveis séricos dos produtos que os mamaram foram superiores a 800mg/dl. A avaliação visual da coloração e da viscosidade serviram como indicador do teor de Ig colostral.

Sixty thoroughbred mares were used to perform this work. Colostrum of each mare was taked just before and 12h after suckling to evaluate colostral color, viscosity, specific gravidity (SG) and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration. This data were correlated with serum Ig of the newborn foals from 3h - 7 days after first suckling. Premature lactation (PL) was negatively correlated with colostral and serum Ig of the newborn foals being their serum levels direct correlated to the amount of colostral Ig ingested. SG determination using a colostrometer was a quick and precise method to verify colostral Ig levels. Colostri with SG> 1060 had levels of Ig above 9.0g/dl and serum Ig levels of the these foals suckling were in average over 800mg/dl. visual evaluation of color and viscosity were good indicators of colostral Ig concentration.