Malvaceae sensu lato is a family containing about 245 genera and 4,465 species mainly distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Species of this family usually contain alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiparasitic, antimicrobial and anticancer properties due to its secondary metabolites. In this context, this review aims to checklist the alkaloids isolated from Malvaceae sensu lato species, evaluating their chemical profile and pharmacological potential, providing a broad and concise overview of these secondary metabolites. The results were collected from scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scifinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, using the keywords “Alkaloids” and “Malvaceae”. Several pharmacological/biological activities are reported in literature for the most varied alkaloid nuclei, such as: vasorelaxation of the mesentery of rats (cryptolepinone), antitrypanosomal activity (waltherione) and anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity (vasicine), which highlights a succession of activities related to this class of secondary metabolites. Presented data report the importance of the Malvaceae sensu lato family, demonstrating the biological relevance of its alkaloids, in order to contribute to scientific knowledge and the development of new drugs.

Pavonia Cav., is a genus in the Malvaceae sensu lato family, containing 271 species with worldwide distribution, although with a higher diversity in America and Asia. Species from this genus are traditionally used in folk medicine with several biological activities, arousing scientific interest on the search for the substances responsible for such activities. This review aimed to provide and expand the scientific interest through phytochemical and pharmacological studies and the utilization of those plants in folk medicine. Species P. odorata and P. zeylanica are described in literature, specially at India, following the traditional medicine system Ayuverda, while the other species are studied mostly at Africa and America. There have been around 169 compounds isolated and characterized for such genus, most of them from the metabolic classes fat acids, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Those species have shown in vivo, in vitro and in silico significant pharmacological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumoral, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Based on those informations, the search for new sources of plant based biologic prototypes with potential for the treatment of several diseases is of major scientific, economical and medicinal interest.

RESUMO O artigo analisa os debates sobre eugenia, raça e imigração no Brasil nos anos 1920 e 1930, atentando para os antagonismos e as disputas entre os adeptos do racismo científico, que viam na questão racial o grande dilema nacional, e aqueles que negavam o determinismo racial, denominados aqui de “antirracistas”. O autor destaca que a eugenia brasileira foi bastante polissêmica e mobilizou diferentes polêmicas científicas, raciais e políticas sobre miscigenação racial, seleção imigratória e branqueamento da população. O artigo explora especialmente os embates produzidos no Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Eugenia, realizado em 1929, e as ambivalências raciais promovidas no complexo contexto dos anos 1930, o que mobilizou distintos projetos e interpretações sobre eugenia, seleção racial e identidade nacional, inclusive com impacto na Constituinte de 1933-1934.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the debates on eugenics, race, and immigration in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s, paying attention to the antagonisms and disputes between supporters of scientific racism, who saw the racial issue as the great national dilemma, and those who denied racial determinism, here called “anti-racists”. The author highlights that Brazilian eugenics was quite polysemic and mobilized different scientific, racial, and political polemics about racial miscegenation, immigration selection, and population whitening. The article especially explores the clashes produced at the First Brazilian Congress of Eugenics, held in 1929, and the racial ambivalences promoted in the complex context of the 1930s, which mobilized different projects and interpretations on eugenics, racial selection, and national identity, including with impact on Constituent of 1933-1934.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um dispositivo ultrassônico e a morfologia da superfície dentinária após a remoção da dentina cariada por meio da taxa de remoção e imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi realizado o teste de dureza Knoop nas amostras de dentina bovina (n = 20, 4x4x2mm) afim de padronizar as amostras e foram incluídas apenas aquelas com 38 ± 2 KHN. As amostras de dentina foram submetidas à indução de lesões artificiais de cárie, utilizando-se modelo biológico contendo cepas de Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacillus acidophilus durante por 7 dias. As lesões foram removidas por 1 min, de acordo com dois métodos: G1 - fresa esférica sob baixa rotação (grupo controle) e G2 - dispositivo ultrassônico sob refrigeração. Para a taxa de remoção, as amostras foram pesadas em três tempos: T0 (antes da indução), T1 (após a indução) e T2 (após a remoção). A avaliação morfológica da superfície residual da dentina foi realizada por MEV. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p ≥ 0,240). Teste T para amostras independentes foi aplicado para avaliar a taxa de remoção. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. G2 apresentou menor taxa de remoção que G1 (G1: 3,68 mg e G2 = 2,26 mg). As imagens de MEV mostraram características morfológicas diferentes entre os grupos. G2 mostrou ausência de smear layer, enquanto G1 mostrou grande quantidade de smear layer sobre a superfície. Com base neste estudo in vitro, o dispositivo de ultrassom promoveu remoção minimamente invasiva e dentina residual exibindo túbulos dentinários abertos e mínima formação de smear layer.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an ultrasound device and the dentin surface morphology after removal of the caries dentin lesions by removal rate and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Knoop hardness test on the bovine dentin blocks (n = 20, 4x4x2mm) was performed to standardize the samples and only those with 38 ± 2 KHN were included. The dentin blocks were submitted to induction of artificial caries lesions, using the bacterial model. Strains of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for 7 days. The caries dentin lesion was removed for 1 min, according to two methods: G1 - carbide bur under low-speed rotation (control group) and G2 - ultrasound device under refrigeration. For the removal rate, the samples were weighed 3 times: T0 (before induction), T1 (after induction) and T2 (after removal). Morphology evaluation of the residual dentin surface was performed by SEM. Data normality was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test (p ≥ 0.240). T-test for independent samples was applied to evaluate the removal rate. A significance level of 5% was adopted. G2 provided lower removal rate than G1 (G1: 3.68 mg and G2 = 2.26 mg). SEM images showed different morphological characteristics between the groups. G2 showed absent of smear layer, while G1 showed a visible smear layer over the surface. We concluded that ultrasound device provides minimally invasive removal with residual dentin exhibiting open dentin tubules and no smear layer formation and no bacteria, which infer the removal of the infected tissue.

Abstract This study evaluated of the effects of açai oil during the close-up dry period of Holstein cows on colostrum quality, as well as on the immune and antioxidant responses of their calves. Sixteen multiparous cows were assigned randomly to two treatments: 1) CONTROL (n = 8) - 4.48% of soybean oil/concentrate; 2) AÇAI (n =8) - 4.48% of açai oil/concentrate. Cows fed with açai oil had greater (P≤0.04) colostrum concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) G (1st and 2nd milking), IgG heavy chains, IgA (only at 1st milking), alpha-lactalbumin (1st milking), total protein, and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (only at 1st milking). Cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of globulin (only on the day of calving) and total protein (only on the day of calving) (P = 0.03). Calves born of cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of total protein (only 24 and 48 h after calving) and serum concentration of IgG heavy chain (only 24 h after calving) and globulin (only 24 and 48 h after calving) (P = 0.01). These data suggest that the addition of açai oil in the cow feed during the close-up dry period boosted immunity in their calves by altering the composition of colostrum.

Resumo speciesLink é um portal de informações em larga escala sobre biodiversidade, que existe graças a uma ampla rede colaborativa de pessoas e instituições. O envolvimento do CRIA com a comunidade científica do Brasil e de outros países é responsável pelos resultados expressivos alcançados, atingindo atualmente mais de 15 milhões de registros de dados primários de biodiversidade, sendo 95% associados a espécimes preservados e cerca de 25% a imagens digitais de alta qualidade. A rede fornece dados sobre mais de 200.000 espécies, das quais mais de 110.000 ocorrem no Brasil. Este artigo descreve as redes temáticas do speciesLink, bem como algumas das ferramentas mais úteis desenvolvidas. A importância e as contribuições do speciesLink são destacadas, assim como as preocupações em garantir um apoio financeiro estável para e-infraestruturas de dados sobre biodiversidade. Aqui revisamos o valor do speciesLink como uma das principais fontes de informação sobre biodiversidade para pesquisa, educação, tomada de decisão, desenvolvimento de políticas e bioeconomia.

Abstract speciesLink is a large-scale biodiversity information portal that exists thanks to a broad collaborative network of people and institutions. CRIA’s involvement with the scientific community of Brazil and other countries is responsible for the significant results achieved, currently reaching more than 15 million primary biodiversity data records, 95% of which are associated with preserved specimens and about 25% with high-quality digital images. The network provides data on over 200,000 species, of which over 110,000 occur in Brazil. This article describes thematic networks within speciesLink, as well as some of the most useful tools developed. The importance and contributions of speciesLink are outlined, as are concerns about securing stable budgetary support for such biodiversity data e-infrastructures. Here we review the value of speciesLink as a major source of biodiversity information for research, education, informed decision-making, policy development, and bioeconomy.

Previous researches showed that fatty acids analysis might be a useful tool to support the taxonomic investigation. In this approach the fatty acids content of ten Malvoideae species was analyzed and its chemotaxonomic significance has been investigated. The aerial parts of the species were collected in the Northeast of Brazil and their fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The chemometric analysis consisted of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with the euclidean distance between the samples given by the Ward.D2 algorithm. This is the first report of fatty acids from Wissadula peripocifolia, Herissantia crispa, Bakeridesia pickelii, Sidastrum micranthum, Pavonia cancellata and Pavonia malacophylla. The results showed the predominance of palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids in the studied species. By the PCA and HCA analysis, the fatty acid composition was able to distinguish the species Herissantia crispa and Pavonia malacophylla. Our findings showed a chemotaxonomic proximity among species from different genera reflecting the taxonomic and phylogenetic closeness previously demonstrated by molecular investigations on Malvoidae species. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the fatty acid analysis may be an interesting tool to support the taxonomic investigations on Malvoideae species.

Resumo A mandioca de mesa pode ser comercializada congelada para facilitar o preparo e o consumo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas, o tempo de cozimento, a qualidade microbiológica e os atributos sensoriais das variedades BRS Aipim Brasil e Eucalipto, durante o armazenamento sob congelamento. As raízes foram lavadas em água, sanitizadas, cortadas em cilindros, descascadas, sanitizadas, drenadas, acondicionadas em embalagens de nylon/ polietileno de baixa densidade e armazenadas a -18 °C, sendo avaliadas a cada 30 dias, aproximadamente. A variedade Eucalipto apresentou a menor umidade (61,98%) e os maiores rendimentos de polpa (71,41%) e teor de amido (33,45%). A variedade BRS Aipim Brasil apresentou menor intensidade de cor (11,48) e maior ângulo de cor (97,45°). Os dois genótipos de mandioca não apresentaram diferenças em termos de acidez, luminosidade, sólidos solúveis, teor de açúcar total e pH. A variedade Eucalipto apresentou o menor tempo de cozimento (25 minutos) e umidade (62,92%), para os cinco tempos de armazenamento avaliados. Essa variedade também apresentou o maior teor de amido durante o armazenamento, exceto aos 31 dias. A variedade Eucalipto foi mais aceita para os atributos cor, aroma e impressão global. Em relação ao sabor e à textura, as duas variedades foram consideradas semelhantes e foram classificadas entre os termos hedônicos “gostei ligeiramente” e “gostei moderadamente”. A aceitação sensorial das raízes não foi alterada ao longo do armazenamento e as notas atribuídas foram acima de 6,0, o que representa o limite mínimo de aceitação, para todos os atributos avaliados. A mandioca congelada a -18 °C pode ser comercializada por 120 dias com segurança microbiológica, sem que ocorram alterações significativas das suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais.

Abstract Sweet cassava can be sold frozen, i.e., frozen food, to facilitate preparation and consumption. This study aimed to evaluate physical-chemical characteristics, cooking time, microbiological quality and sensory attributes regarding the varieties BRS Aipim Brasil and Eucalipto in frozen storage. The roots were washed in water, sanitized, cut into cylinders, peeled, sanitized, drained, packed in nylon/ low density polyethylene packages and stored at -18 °C, being evaluated every 30 days, approximately. The Eucalipto variety showed the lowest moisture (61.98%) and the highest pulp yield (71.41%) and starch content (33.45%). However, the BRS Aipim Brasil variety had lower color intensity (11.48) and greater color angle (97.45°) than Eucalipto. The two cassava genotypes showed no difference in terms of acidity, luminosity, soluble solids, total sugar content and pH. The Eucalipto variety showed the shortest cooking time (25 minutes) and moisture (62.92%) concerning the five storage times that were evaluated. This variety also had the highest starch content during storage, except at 31 days. The Eucalipto variety was more accepted for the color, aroma and overall impression attributes. Regarding flavor and texture, the two varieties were considered similar and were classified between the hedonic terms “like slightly” and “like moderately”. The sensory acceptance of the roots was not altered during storage and the grades attributed were above 6.0, which represents the minimum acceptance limit, for all evaluated attributes. Cassava frozen at -18 °C can be marketed for 120 days without microbiological risk, and without significant changes in its physical-chemical and sensory characteristics.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a tendência temporal da incidência de sífilis congênita (SC) e caracterizar a doença no estado de Minas Gerais (MG) entre 2007 e 2015. Estudo quantitativo, de análise de série temporal, com banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, referentes aos casos de SC notificados em MG entre 2007 e 2015. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, cálculo da taxa de incidência de SC e modelo de regressão polinomial para análise de tendência temporal. Os resultados mostraram que no período registraram-se 4.381 casos. A taxa de incidência variou entre 0,61 e 5,08/1.000 nascidos vivos (NV), com incremento na tendência temporal do coeficiente de incidência da SC no período de 2007 a 2015, com variação anual da taxa de 30,6% (IC95%: 21,0 – 41,0). Houve predomínio de recém-nascidos de cor de pele parda (38,7%), faixa etária de até 6 dias de vida (94,7%) e a maioria (63,6%) não apresentou, em relação ao exame físico, qualquer manifestação sugestiva de SC, porém teve diagnóstico definitivo para SC recente (95,2%). O número de casos notificados é crescente, sugerindo que há uma necessidade de melhoria na assistência ao pré-natal, diagnóstico, tratamento adequado, ações de saúde e notificação.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the temporal trend of the incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) and to characterize the disease in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) between 2007 and 2015. Quantitative study, of a time series analysis, with the database from the Information System of Diseases Notification, referring to cases of CS reported in MG between 2007 and 2015. It was used descriptive statistics, calculation of the incidence rate of CS and polynomial regression model for temporal trend analysis. The results showed that in the period 4,381 cases were registered. The incidence rate ranged from 0.61 to 5.08 per 1,000 live births (LB),with an increase in the temporal trend of the CS incidence coefficient in the period from 2007 to 2015, with an annual rate variation of 30.6% (95% CI: 21.0 – 41.0). There was a predominance of brown-skinned newborns (38.7%), up to 6 days old (94.7%) and the majority (63.6%) did not present any suggestive manifestations of CS, but definitive diagnosis for recent CS (95.2%). The number of reported cases is increasing, suggesting that it is necessary, for improvement in the prenatal care, diagnosis, appropriate treatment, health care and notification.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a tendência temporal da incidência de sífilis congênita (SC) e caracterizar a doença no estado de Minas Gerais (MG) entre 2007 e 2015. Estudo quantitativo, de análise de série temporal, com banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, referentes aos casos de SC notificados em MG entre 2007 e 2015. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, cálculo da taxa de incidência de SC e modelo de regressão polinomial para análise de tendência temporal. Os resultados mostraram que no período registraram-se 4.381 casos. A taxa de incidência variou entre 0,61 e 5,08/1.000 nascidos vivos (NV), com incremento na tendência temporal do coeficiente de incidência da SC no período de 2007 a 2015, com variação anual da taxa de 30,6% (IC95%: 21,0 – 41,0). Houve predomínio de recém-nascidos de cor de pele parda (38,7%), faixa etária de até 6 dias de vida (94,7%) e a maioria (63,6%) não apresentou, em relação ao exame físico, qualquer manifestação sugestiva de SC, porém teve diagnóstico definitivo para SC recente (95,2%). O número de casos notificados é crescente, sugerindo que há uma necessidade de melhoria na assistência ao pré-natal, diagnóstico, tratamento adequado, ações de saúde e notificação.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the temporal trend of the incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) and to characterize the disease in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) between 2007 and 2015. Quantitative study, of a time series analysis, with the database from the Information System of Diseases Notification, referring to cases of CS reported in MG between 2007 and 2015. It was used descriptive statistics, calculation of the incidence rate of CS and polynomial regression model for temporal trend analysis. The results showed that in the period 4,381 cases were registered. The incidence rate ranged from 0.61 to 5.08 per 1,000 live births (LB),with an increase in the temporal trend of the CS incidence coefficient in the period from 2007 to 2015, with an annual rate variation of 30.6% (95% CI: 21.0 – 41.0). There was a predominance of brown-skinned newborns (38.7%), up to 6 days old (94.7%) and the majority (63.6%) did not present any suggestive manifestations of CS, but definitive diagnosis for recent CS (95.2%). The number of reported cases is increasing, suggesting that it is necessary, for improvement in the prenatal care, diagnosis, appropriate treatment, health care and notification.

Helicteres genus, Malvaceae, has pantropical distribution, encompasses about 60 species, 31 of them found in Brazil. Species belonging to this genus are used for treatment of various diseases and aroused scientific interest in search for bioactive compounds present in these plants. In this context, this review aims to provide a complete and concise overview of scientific advances in phytochemical and pharmacological studies of these species and their use by folk medicine. The presented data were collected from scientific databases, ‘Web of Science’, ‘Scifinder’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Sciencedirect’, and ‘Google Scholar’, using the keyword ‘Helicteres’. The species H. isora and H. angustifolia, found in Asia, are the most explored scientifically, whereas studies of species of this genus found in Americas are still rare, being possible to highlight studies carried out in Brazil with H. velutina and H. eichleri. About 149 compounds were isolated and characterized in the genus, being emphasized terpenoids, flavonoids and lignoids. These species have demonstrated various pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo, incluinding insecticide, antidiabetic, antitumor and hepatoprotective activities. The presented data show the importance of studies carried out isolating bioactive compounds from this genus that may be used in several diseases’ treatment or/as prototypes to development of new drugs.

Abstract We measured the effects of açai oil in the diets of prepartum cows to evaluate health, milk production and quality. Sixteen Holstein cows were divided into two groups: SOY used as control, and AÇAI, test group. Occurred inclusion of 4% soybean or açai oils was provided in the concentrate starting at 20 days prepartum [d -20 to d 0 (partum-day)]. The AÇAI diet increased (P=0.01) milk production (d 10 and 20) and reduced somatic cell count (d 20). In milk, no effects were detected (P≥0.10) for concentration of fat, lactose or protein as well as in terms of serum concentration of calcium, albumin or triglycerides. AÇAI diet tended to increase (P=0.09) serum concentrations of total protein, glutathione transferase (d 4), and total antioxidant capacity (d 4 and 10) and increased (P≤0.05) globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (d 4). Further, AÇAI diet reduced the serum concentration of creatine kinase (P≤0.05) (d 0, 4 and 10), reactive oxygen species (d 0 and 4) and lipoperoxidation (d 0) and tended to reduce aspartate transaminase activity (P=0.07; d 0 and 4). Açai oil in the diets in prepartum cows improved their health as well as milk production and quality.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional value, fermentation losses, and aerobic stability of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates (experimental silos) and five levels of fibrolytic enzymes (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). For this, the elephant grass was ensiled at 70 days of age in plastic buckets with 20L capacity. Silos were opened 60 days after sealing. Analyses were made for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), effluent losses (EL), gas losses (GL) and dry matter recovery (DMR), as well as the aerobic stability of the silage. Data were analyzed with PROC REG of SAS® University, at 5% probability. There was an increase in IVDMD content (p < 0.0001) and reduction in NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.0001) according to enzyme levels. These results were related to the increase in the degradation of fiber fractions. There were higher EL (p = 0.0062) as a function of enzyme levels and aerobic deterioration after silo opening, at all levels tested. Thus, it can be concluded that the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes change the chemical composition of elephant grass silage, and increase its digestibility and nutritional value. Moreover, when used alone as an additive, fibrolytic enzymes are not able to recover all dry matter of this silage (with effluent and gas losses), and are not able to maintain aerobic stability in the first hours after opening the silos.

Resumo: Introdução: o estudo da morte envolve a exploração que o indivíduo faz na busca de si mesmo. A Medicina tende a negá-la e controlá-la por meio de avanços tecnológicos e medicalização, o que leva ao pensamento de que o médico pode regular a duração dela. A morte é carregada de significados simbólicos e faz parte do processo de desenvolvimento humano, contudo muitas vezes é desconhecida do estudante de Medicina, o que leva ao temor pela indefinição do momento em que ocorrerá o encontro. Inerente às atividades do médico, há a crença de que poderá ser sempre evitada, sendo entendida como falha ou insucesso do tratamento, ou como desconhecimento do profissional, provocando ansiedade e cobrança tanto por parte da população como dos médicos. Este estudo objetivou relatar a vivência e percepção sobre a morte entre estudantes de Medicina. Método: trata-se se um estudo qualitativo, observacional, realizado com 50 alunos de três períodos de um curso de Medicina em Alagoas, em 2018. Usou-se um questionário com a seguinte pergunta aberta: “Após a vivência da morte durante o curso, o que mudou na sua atuação como estudante e na sua vida?”. Os dados foram analisados manualmente em quatro etapas. A primeira fase consistiu na organização dos dados, procurando ideias que emergiram das respostas à questão norteadora, quando foi realizada a pré-análise, por meio de uma leitura aprofundada, na busca da criação das categorias, uma vez que elas não foram elaboradas previamente. A segunda fase correspondeu à elaboração da segunda planilha que armazenou as ideias explícitas (categorias provisórias) e implícitas (focos) com a identificação dos sentidos. A terceira fase procurou responder à pergunta da pesquisa por meio das unidades de registro, em que se relacionou a fala com o foco/tema e se identificou o sentido da inferência. A quarta fase compreendeu duas planilhas: uma com a interpretação dos focos e suas unidades de registros e outra com elaboração de síntese para cada foco. A vivência da morte pode acontecer em relação ao outro ou à própria morte, ocorrendo diferenças nos dois processos. Aqui abordagem concentrou-se na morte do outro e em como ela é vivenciada pelo estudante de Medicina durante a graduação. Resultados: Os dados obtidos resultaram em três categorias relacionadas à vivência da morte durante a graduação, refletindo o preparo ou não para lidar com o fenômeno. Cada categoria apresentou duas subcategorias: significação da morte, com as subcategorias “vida pessoal” e “vida profissional”; qualificação profissional, com as subcategorias “limites de atuação profissional” e “curso em relação à morte”; humanização, com as subcategorias “relação médico-paciente” e “cuidados paliativos”. Conclusão: A pesquisa mostrou que os discentes modificaram sua visão da morte após a vivência durante o curso e que estão despertos para o tema, revelando a importância deste para sua formação e também a necessidade da ampliação de sua discussão durante a graduação.

Abstract Introduction: the study of death involves the exploration in the search of oneself. Medicine tends to deny death and control it through technological advances and medicalization, leading to the thought that the doctor can regulate the duration of the process. Death is full of symbolic meanings and it is an important part of the human development process, often unknown by the medical students, which makes them fearful for not knowing when this meeting is going to happen. It is inherent to the doctor’s activities, believing it can be always avoided, being understood as a failure or unsuccessful treatment, or lack of knowledge by the professional, generating anxiety and demands, by the population and the doctors themselves. This research aims to report the experience and perception of death among medical students. Methods: it is a qualitative, observational study carried out with 50 students from three different semesters from a School of Medicine in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, in 2018. It was applied an instrument with an open question: After the experience of death during the course, what has changed in your performance as a student and in your life? The data was analyzed manually during four steps. The first phase consisted of organizing the data, looking for ideas that emerged from the answers to the guiding question, when the pre-analysis was carried out, through a deep reading aiming to define categories, since they had not been previously created; the second phase corresponded to the preparation of the second worksheet that stored the explicit and implicit ideas, the former being the temporary categories and the latter being the focus along with identification of the senses; the third phase sought to answer the study question through the record units, associating the speech to the focus/theme, identifying the sense of inference; the fourth phase was based on two spreadsheets, the first one with the interpretation of the main topics and their record units, and the second one with the creation of the synthesis for each focus. The experience of death may occur in relation to the other or to death itself, with differences between them. This research focus on the death of others and how undergraduate medical students experience it during the course, of which data resulted in three categories related to the experience of death during medical school, reflecting their capacity or not to deal with the phenomenon. Results: the three categories showed two subcategories, as follows: Acceptance of death, with subcategories in personal and professional life; Professional qualification with two subcategories: limits of professional performance and of the course in relation to death. The last category was Humanization, with two more subcategories: medical-patient relationship and palliative care. Conclusion: the research showed that the students modified their views about death during the course, and that they are aware of the topic, disclosing the value of this subject and also the need to discuss it during undergraduate school.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento “The Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT)” para a língua portuguesa brasileira. O processo de adaptação envolveu as seguintes etapas: tradução do BSE-FIT para a língua portuguesa; avaliação pelo Comitê de Juízes; retrotradução; análise semântica; e pré-teste. Os membros do Comitê de Juízes apontaram dificuldades na tradução do termo “fitness” e questionaram que o significado da palavra na língua portuguesa é mais amplo do que “forma física”, relacionando-o também ao que o corpo é capaz de fazer. Na análise semântica foram observadas dificuldades de compreensão no item 4 (orgulhoso do meu preparo físico superior) e optou-se por alterar para “orgulhoso do meu superior preparo físico” para facilitar o entendimento. Na etapa de pré-teste não foram observadas dificuldades de preenchimento ou compreensão dos itens e o processo de adaptação transcultural foi encerrado. Ao final, alcançaram-se as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural do instrumento adaptado, além da validade de face e conteúdo. Contudo, para que o BSE-FIT possa ser empregado para a população brasileira é necessária a validação das propriedades métricas do mesmo, cujo estudo está em desenvolvimento.

Abstract The scope of this study was to conduct a transcultural adaptation of the Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) to Brazilian Portuguese. The adaptation process involved the following steps: translation of the BSE-FIT to Brazilian Portuguese; evaluation by the Committee of Judges; back-translation; semantic analysis; and pre-test. The members of the Committee highlighted the difficulties in translating the word “fitness” and suggested that the meaning in Brazilian Portuguese is more than “physical form,” also relating it to what the body is capable of doing. In the semantic analysis, difficulty was observed in understanding item 4 (proud of my superior physical preparation) and the item was changed to “proud of my enhanced physical preparedness” to facilitate understanding. In the pre-test stage, there were no difficulties in completing or understanding the items and the process of cross-cultural adaptation was finalized. In the final analysis, the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence of the adapted instrument was achieved, and basic and content validity parameters were met. However, in order for BSE-FIT to be used in Brazil, it is necessary to validate the metric properties of the BSE-FIT, which is currently under study and being developed.