Abstract The objective of this work was to develop innovative formulations of dulce de leche made with sheep's milk with and without the addition of sheep’s milk cream and evaluate the shelf life of these products. Physicochemical and microbiological evaluations were performed on sheep’s pasteurized milk and cream, as well as on dulce de leche right after production and during the storage time. Addition of cream to sheep dulce de leche did not change the physicochemical and microbiological parameters between formulations. The dulce de leche showed dark color and adequate results of protein, fat, total and microbiological counts (thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. in all evaluations, and total mesophilic aerobic up to 150 days of storage). Innovative formulations of dulce de leche made by sheep’s milk were developed, differentiated from those existing in the Brazilian market, but a specific legislation is required in Brazil focused on the specific characteristics and quality parameters of sheep’s milk and its derivatives.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA), outrora isolado especificamente em ambientes hospitalares, vem sendo identificado como causador de infecções cutâneas em pacientes da comunidade. Neste artigo, é relatado um caso do sul do Brasil com furunculose por CA-MRSA. O microrganismo isolado foi submetido a exames de PCR para o gene mecA e para o gene que codifica a leucocidina de Panton-Valentine. Esses exames permitiram a identificação genotípica do CA-MRSA.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly isolated at hospital setting, has been identified in cutaneous infections of community patients. This paper reports a case of furunculosis from the southern Brazil. Dermatologists must be attentive to this emergent etiological diagnosis. The isolated microorganism was subjected to PCR for gene mecA and to PCR for the gene that encodes the leukocidin of Panton-Valentine. These exams enabled genotypic identification of CA-MRSA.

FUNDAMENTOS: A ocorrência da dermatite de contato alérgica em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV foi pouco estudada até o momento (apenas relatos de caso). Os testes de contato são considerados o exame complementar padrão para a investigação diagnóstica desse tipo de reação alérgica e não foram avaliados cientificamente nesse grupo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade dos testes de contato em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com controles. Um grupo com 16 pacientes soropositivos para o HIV foi comparado a um grupo com 32 pacientes com sorologia desconhecida para o HIV com relação à positividade aos testes. Foi realizada análise estatística bivariada com nível de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Entre o grupo de pacientes soropositivos para o HIV, sete (43,75%) tiveram testes positivos, e, entre o grupo de pacientes que rotineiramente realizaram testes de contato (e com sorologia desconhecida ao HIV), 18 (56,25%) tiveram testes positivos. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados deste trabalho sugerem que, apesar da imunodeficiência, a memória imunológica específica e a capacidade de responder positivamente aos testes podem permanecer. Dessa forma, esse recurso diagnóstico importante para as alergias dermatológicas não perderia validade ao ser aplicado no conjunto de pacientes que convivem com o HIV.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis in HIV-positive patients has not been thoroughly studied (there are only case reports). Patch tests are the gold standard for diagnosis of this type of allergic reaction and have not been scientifically assessed in such patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of patch tests in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, controlled and descriptive study. A group of 16 HIV-positive patients was compared to a group of 32 patients with unknown HIV sorology results. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed with significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Seven patients (43.75%) in the HIV-positive group and 18 (56.25%) in the unknown sorology group had patch positive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of immunodeficiency, the findings of this study suggest that specific immunologic memory and the ability to positively respond to tests may remain active. Therefore, this standard and important diagnostic method for allergic contact dermatitis is valid when applied to a group of HIV patients.