Abstract In this study, the effects of degradation on ascorbic acid (AA) in asparagus-lemon juice with different blending ratios were investigated during storage. The R2 values of the first-order kinetic model for predicting AA loss were 0.8216-0.9990, indicating that the model described well the degradation of AA in asparagus-lemon juice with different blending ratios. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the blending ratio of asparagus-lemon juice during storage. The optimum blending ratios that selected by the RSM were: 23%, 26%, 27%, 28% and 29% of diluted asparagus juice blended with 85% of diluted lemon juice, and the desirability were 0.820. The RSM correlation coefficients (R2) between experimental and model predicted values ranged from 0.6394 to 0.9975. Therefore, RSM and the first-order model may be effective tools to optimize the blending ratio of blended juice and AA degradation in juices.

SUMMARY Here, we report the clinical observations of two Chinese fraternal twins who presented with severe dehydration, poor feeding, and absence of stimuli responses within a few days of birth. Trio clinical exome sequencing of the family identified compound heterozygous intronic variants (c.1439+1G>C and c.875+1G>A) in SCNN1A gene in these two patients. Sanger sequencing results showed that the c.1439+1G>C variant was inherited from the mother, and c.875+1G>A from the father, rarely reported in pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 with sodium epithelial channel destruction (PHA1b) patients. Case 2 received timely symptomatic treatment and management after obtaining these results, which improved the clinical crisis. Our results suggest that the compound heterozygous splicing variants in SCNN1A were responsible for PHA1b in these Chinese fraternal twins. This finding extends the knowledge of the variant spectrum in PHA1b patients and highlights the application of exome sequencing in critically ill newborns. Finally, we discuss supportive case management, particularly in maintaining blood potassium concentration.

RESUMEN El presente estudio se basa en varias pruebas de laboratorio montadas en una máquina de experimentos recientemente construida y modificada para este objetivo. Se realizaron las pruebas monofase y multifase de cizallamiento para determinar el punto de corte y el modelo de cizallamiento no saturado. De esta manera se obtuvieron los parámetros de cizallamiento de suelos no saturados bajo diferentes condiciones y los resultados coincidieron con las teorías evaluadas en esta materia. También se determinó la curva de corte para la succión matricial no lineal. Algunas ecuaciones de fuerza de cizallamiento también encajan en los resultados experimentales.

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on some experimental laboratory tests using a newly-constructed modified direct shear test apparatus. The single-stage and multistage direct shear tests were performed to determine the shear rate and test scheme of the unsaturated shear test. Shear strength parameters of unsaturated soil in different conditions are obtained, and the criteria indicate good agreement with standard theories of unsaturated soil. The nonlinear matric suction failure envelope is determined. Some shear strength equations are also fitted through the experimental results.

Abstract: Diversion of river water for irrigation is an important factor in sustainable agricultural development in the Yellow River basin. This study examines patterns in the advance of sediment in irrigation water diverted from the Yellow River during border-strip irrigation. An irrigation experiment was carried out on a 1.8 m-wide strip and a 2.7 m-wide strip of a fruit field in order to observe the advance rate of irrigation water, the distribution of settled sediment, and the concentration and particle size distribution of sediment in the water flow. The settling velocity of sediment particles was then calculated using an empirical formula. The results show that the irrigation water gradually slowed as it advanced along the strip length, and the amounts of deposited particles decreased from the top ends of the strips to their bottom ends. The decrease was especially sharp on the section of each strip between 40 and 120 m from the water pipe outlet. Overall, the size of particles carried by the irrigation water fell within the range of 0.004 to 0.016 mm, with coarse and fine particles making up small proportions of the sediment. The concentration of coarse particles was higher at the top ends than at the bottom ends, while the concentration of fine particles was higher at the bottom ends than at the top ends. Water content in the soil at several locations varied significantly before and after irrigation, and the deposition of sediment was found to exert a great influence on the infiltration of irrigation water. The particle size distribution of the sediment deposited along the strips accords with the law of sedimentation in that coarse particles accumulated primarily at the top ends of the strips as a result of high settling velocity. Moreover, the results demonstrate that it is feasible to simplify the water flow over the field to open-channel flow when calculating settling velocity. However, the formula for calculating settling velocity needs further modification to take into account the influences of flume rate and the scouring action of irrigation water on the surface sediment deposited on the strips.

Resumen: La desviación de agua de río para riego es un factor importante en el desarrollo agrícola sostenible en la cuenca del río Amarillo. El presente estudio examina los patrones de avance de sedimentos en el agua de riego desviada del río Amarillo en el riego por amelgas. Se llevó a cabo un experimento de riego en una amelga de 1.8 m y otra de 2.7 m de ancho en un campo frutal, con el fin de observar la tasa de avance del agua de riego, la distribución de sedimentos asentados, así como la concentración y distribución del tamaño de partículas de sedimento en el flujo de agua. Posteriormente, la velocidad de sedimentación de las partículas se calculó mediante una fórmula empírica. Los resultados muestran que el agua de riego se redujo poco a poco, a medida que avanzaba a lo largo de las amelgas y la cantidad de partículas depositadas disminuyó de los extremos superiores a los extremos inferiores de estas. La disminución fue especialmente marcada en la sección de cada amelga entre 40 y 120 m de la salida del tubo de agua. En general, el tamaño de partículas arrastradas por el agua de riego estuvo dentro del rango de 0.004 a 0.016 mm. Una pequeña proporción del sedimento estaba formada por partículas gruesas y finas. La concentración de partículas gruesas fue mayor en los extremos superiores que en los extremos inferiores, mientras que la concentración de partículas finas fue mayor en los extremos inferiores. El contenido hídrico del suelo en varios lugares varió significativamente antes y después del riego, y la deposición de sedimentos ejerció una gran influencia sobre la infiltración del agua de riego. La granulometría de los sedimentos depositados a lo largo de las amelgas concuerda con la ley de sedimentación en que las partículas gruesas se acumulan principalmente en los extremos superiores de las melgas, como resultado de la alta velocidad de sedimentación. Por otra parte, los resultados demuestran que es factible simplificar el flujo de agua sobre el campo a canal abierto al calcular la velocidad de sedimentación. Sin embargo, la fórmula para calcular la velocidad de sedimentación necesita una modificación adicional, al tener en cuenta las influencias de la tasa de flujo y la acción erosiva del agua de riego en el sedimento superficial depositado en las melgas.

The chemical structure and absolute configuration of a novel benzoic acid (1) which is the secondary metabolites from the marine fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SYP-F-2720, has been determined by experimental spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations of its electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The configurational assignments were further confirmed by the highly consistent spectra between natural compound and synthetic compound which from raw material with a definite configuration. Furthermore, The target compound exhibited more significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities than aspirin when administered at 100 mg/kg, however, it behaved no ulcerogenic effect.

Se determinó la estructura química y la configuración absoluta de un ácido benzoico novedoso (1), presente en los metabolitos secundarios del hongo marino Penicillium chrysogenum SYP-F-2720. La determinación se llevó a cabo mediante datos espectroscópicos experimentales y cálculos químicos cuánticos de su dicroísmo circular electrónico (DCE). La asignación de la configuración se confirmó mediante la comparación de los espectros del compuesto natural y el correspondiente compuesto sintético. Además, el compuesto aislado exhibe actividades anti-inflamatorias y analgésicas más significativas que la aspirina cuando se administró a una dosis de 100 mg / kg, y no mostró ningún efecto ulcerogénico

A gene encoding NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) in peach fruit was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant SDH protein with 6×His-tagged was localized exclusively in the cytoplasmic soluble fraction of E. coli when the strains were grown for 4-5 h at 37 ºC. Highly pure protein was isolated by Ni2+-resin chromatography with 150 mM imidazole in 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, by elution. In order to ensure that the recombinant SDH could be used for further study, the fluorescence and ultraviolet spectrum of the recombinant SDH were detected. Recombinant SDH was confirmed to be capable of oxidizing sorbitol by enzymatic activity assay. The activity of the recombinant SDH was 2.73 U mg-1min-1, which was similar with that directly extracted from peach fruits. The activities of SDH extracted from the fruits in different periods (30, 60, 90 days after flowing) were 7.75, 5.95, 3.26 U mg-1min-1, respectively.

The reaction mechanism between cyclopropenylidene and ethylene has been systematically investigated employing the MP2/6-311+G* level of theory to better understand the cyclopropenylidene reactivity with unsaturated hydrocarbons. Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, and energy property for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface have been calculated. Energies of all the species are also further refined by the CCSD(T)/6-311+G* single-point calculations. Firstly, one important reaction intermediate (INTa) has been located via a transition state (TSa). After that, the common intermediate (INTb) for the two pathways (1) and (2) has been formed via TSb. At last, two different products possessing three- and four-membered ring characters have been obtained through two reaction pathways. In the reaction pathway (1), a three-membered ring alkyne compound has been obtained. As for the reaction pathway (2), a four-membered ring conjugated diene compound has been formed, which is the most favorable reaction to occur from the kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints.