Abstract “Jben” is an Algerian traditional fresh cheese produced from raw or pasteurized milk of cows, goats and sheep, on a small scale during the period of milk abundance in a restricted area of the North-east and -West of Algeria. In this study, four Jben-type cheeses were produced: cheeses made from cow’s milk subjected to 82 °C/10 sec treatment or without heat treatment, and its analogue goat’s milk cheeses. We investigated the effects of “Heat treatment: raw or pasteurized” and “Species: cow or goat” on microbiological characteristics, pH and acidity of “Jben” cheese. Milk samples were collected across five breeding of cows and three breeding of goats in the northeastern Algeria and “Jben” cheeses were made. Results showed that more than 40% of raw and pasteurized milk have poor hygienic quality. However, in both species, “Jben” produced from pasteurized milk has better sanitary quality than “Jben” produced from raw milk. All cheese samples were safe according to the criteria of the regulation (EC) 1441/2007. Pasteurization did not affect acidity in both species. Data from this study may contribute to improve the cheese-making process in small scale, using milk from different species (cow and goat).

Abstract Cheese production is one of the most common forms of valorization of dairy production, adding value and preserving milk. Various types of cheese produced from raw and pasteurized milk are known worldwide. In the present work, we are interested in studying the effect of the type of milk (raw and pasteurized) of two species (cow and goat) on the yield and physicochemical characteristics of the fresh cheese. In the northeastern Algeria, on 5 cow farms and 3 goat farms; 5 raw and 5 pasteurized milk cheese manufacturing trials were conducted. The analysis of the results of the 80 samples of milk and cheese of both cow and goat species showed that the latter contained significantly more fat and protein than cow's milk and that pasteurized milk contained more protein than raw milk. As a result, actual cheese yield of goat cheese was higher than that of cows in pasteurized and raw milk. For higher yield, our result supported the use of pasteurized milk as a raw material in the manufacture of farmhouse cheese.

Abstract: Background: Despite its ecological importance, the study of Algerian alder forests has been largely neglected, even though they represent the largest ones of their kind in North Africa. Moreover, few measures have been taken towards the protection of these ecosystems. Questions: How many species are present in the Algerian alder forests? What is the effect of soil properties on species richness and diversity of inventoried plants? Are its spatial patterns related to soil variables variation? Studied species: Polypodiopsida, Gymnospermae, and Angiospermae. Study site and dates: El-Kala Biosphere Reserve (KBR) and surroundings, El-Tarf province, northeastern Algeria, from January 2016 to February 2017. Methods: Twenty-eight localities were sampled using the relevé method. Soil samples were taken from three points at each site. The relationship between species richness and soil factors was statistically evaluated using multiple linear regression and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: The inventory showed a total of 352 species that belong to 236 genera and 89 families. According to NMDS ordination, black alder forests were classified into two groups (marshy and hilly forests, and fluvial forests), in relation to plant species richness. No linear relationships between species richness and soil parameters were observed, except for OM (P = 0.013). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a relatively high plant diversity characterizing alder forests of this region. To some extent, such diversity is related to the heterogeneous distribution of plant species among different habitat types. Those factors that affect its zonation were identified, for this ecosystem, our study revealed that vegetation diversity is related to the spatial variation of soil variables.

Resumen: Antecedentes: A pesar de su importancia ecológica, son pocos los estudios sobre los bosques de aliso en Argelia, los cuales constituyen los más grandes en África del Norte. Además, estos ecosistemas carecen de medidas de protección. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas especies están presentes en los los bosques de aliso argelinos? ¿Qué efecto tienen los factores abióticos (características de suelo) sobre la riqueza de especies y la diversidad de plantas? ¿Están relacionados sus patrones espaciales con la variación de los factrores edáficos? Especies estudiadas: Polypodiopsida, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae. Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva de la Biosfera El-Kala (KBR), provincia de El-Tarf, nordeste de Argelia, desde enero de 2016 hasta febrero de 2017. Métodos: Se muestreó la vegetación en 28 sitios de bosques de aliso negro (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.). Además, se tomaron muestras de suelo de tres puntos en cada sitio. La relación entre la riqueza de especies y los factores ambientales se evaluó mediante regresión lineal múltiple y análisis estadístico multivariado. Resultados: El inventario contiene en total 352 especies pertenecientes a 236 géneros y 89 familias. De acuerdo con los resultados de la ordenación NMDS, los bosques de aliso negro se clasificaron en dos grupos (bosques de pantano y de colina, y bosques fluviales), en relación con la riqueza de especies. No se observó ninguna relación lineal entre la riqueza de especies y los parámtetros de suelo, excepto para MO (P = 0.013). Conclusión: El presente estudio demonstró que existe una diversidad de plantas relativamente alta en los bosque de aliso de esta región. En gran medida, esta diversidad está relacionada con la distribución heterogénea de las especies entre los diferentes hábitats. Se logró identificar cuáles factores afectan su zonación: para este ecosistema, nuestro estudio reveló que la diversidad de la vegetación está relacionada con la variación espacial de las variables edáficas.