Abstract Background Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death in the world. The malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) has mortality as high as 80% when clinically treated. In this setting, decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure, in spite of high morbidity among survivors. Objective To evaluate the outcomes of patients with MMCAI treated with decompressive craniectomy in a Brazilian academic tertiary stroke center. Methods A prospective stroke database was retrospectively evaluated, and all patients treated with decompressive craniectomy for MMCAI between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The demographics and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was assessed at hospital discharge, after 3-months and 1-year of follow-up. Results We included 53 patients on the final analysis. The mean age was 54.6 ± 11.6 years and 64.2% were males. The median time from symptoms to admission was 4.8 (3–9.7) hours and the mean time from symptoms to surgery was 36 ± 17 hours. The left hemisphere was the affected in 39.6%. The median NIHSS at admission was 20 (16–24). The in-hospital mortality was 30.2%. After a median of 337 [157–393] days, 47.1% of patients had achieved favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 4) and 39.6% had died. Conclusion Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure in the setting of MMCAI, and its effects remains important in the scenario of a middle-income country in real-world situations.

Resumo Antecedentes O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico é uma causa importante da morte em todo o mundo. O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média (IMACM) tem mortalidade de até 80% quando tratado clinicamente. Nesse contexto, a craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas, apesar da alta morbidade entre os sobreviventes. Objetivo Avaliar os desfechos dos pacientes com IMACM tratados com craniectomia descompressiva em um centro acadêmico terciário de AVC no Brasil. Métodos Um banco de dados prospectivo de AVC foi avaliado retrospectivamente e todos os pacientes tratados com craniectomia descompressiva para IMACM entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2017 foram incluídos. As características clínicas e demográficas foram avaliadas. Os desfechos funcionais, medidos pela escala modificada da Rankin (mRS), foram avaliados na alta hospitalar, após 3 meses e após 1 ano de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 53 pacientes na análise final. A idade média foi 54,6 ± 11,6 anos e 64,2% eram homens. A mediana do tempo dos sintomas à admissão foi 4,8 (3–9,7) horas e o tempo médio dos sintomas à cirurgia foi 36 ± 17 horas. O hemisfério esquerdo foi o afetado em 39,6%. A pontuação na escala de AVC do National Institute of Health (NIHSS) à admissão foi 20 (16–24). A mortalidade hospitalar foi 30,2%. Após uma mediana de 337 (157–393) dias, 47,1% dos pacientes tinham atingido um desfecho favorável (mRS ≤ 4) e 39,6% tinham morrido. Conclusão Craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas no contexto do IMACM e seus efeitos permanecem importantes no cenário de um país em desenvolvimento em situação de vida real.

Background: Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs (CRCSP) are widely accepted in developed countries. Unfortunately, financial restrictions, low adherence rate and variability on colonoscopy standardization hamper the implementation of CRCSP in developing countries. Aim: To analyze a multicentric pilot model of CRCSP in Chile. Material and Methods: A prospective model of CRCSP was carried out in three cities, from 2012 to 2015. The model was based on CRC risk assessment and patient education. Health care personnel were trained about logistics and protocols. The endoscopy team was trained about colonoscopy standards. A registered nurse was the coordinator in each center. We screened asymptomatic population aged between 50 and 75 years. Immunological fecal occult blood test (FIT) was offered to all participants. Subjects with positive FIT underwent colonoscopy. Results: A total of 12,668 individuals were enrolled, with a FIT compliance rate of 93.9% and 2,358 colonoscopies were performed. Two hundred and fifty high-risk adenomas and 110 cancer cases were diagnosed. One patient died before treatment due to cardiovascular disease, 74 patients (67%) underwent endoscopic resection and 35 had surgical treatment. Ninety one percent of patients had an early stage CRC (0-I-II). Among colonoscopy indicators, 80% of cases had an adequate bowel preparation (Boston > 6), cecal intubation rate was 97.7%, adenoma detection rate was 36.5%, and in 94.5% of colonoscopies, withdrawal time was adequate (> 8 min). Conclusions: This CRCS pilot model was associated to a high rate of FIT return and colonoscopy quality standards. Most CRCs detected with the program were treated by endoscopic resection.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico usando parafuso com rosca parcial, atravessando os pedículos de C2, para a fixação da epondilolistese traumática do áxis, em pacientes que apresentam pseudoartrose após o tratamento clínico, ou que não tiveram condições de fixação com "halo vest" devido a traumatismo crânio-encefálico importante. MÉTODO: De junho de 1998 a abril de 2002, foram operados dez pacientes com espondilolistese traumática do áxis. Nove foram vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos e um sofreu queda de cavalo. Quatro pacientes tinham sido submetidos a tratamento clínico, e apresentavam sinais de pseudoartrose, com dor intensa à movimentação da coluna cervical. Dois apresentavam traumatismo crânio-encefálico moderado com múltiplas fraturas de crânio. Um foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico de hematoma extradural agudo. Três apresentavam deslocamento importante de C2 sobre C3. Os pacientes foram submetidos a artrodese das fraturas com dois parafusos de rosca parcial colocados nos pedículos de C2, atravessando-se as fraturas, o que permitiu melhor aproximação das fraturas com alinhamento de C2-C3. Em dois pacientes foi necessária a fixação adicional com placa lateral fixa nas massas laterais de C3. RESULTADOS: Nove pacientes tiveram boa evolução pós-operatória com consolidação satisfatória das fraturas, e desaparecimento dos sintomas. Um paciente teve boa evolução com consolidação das fraturas, mas permanece com dores cervicais aos esforços. CONCLUSÃO: A fixação da espondilolistese traumática do áxis com o uso de parafusos de rosca parcial, nos pedículos de C2 e através dos traços de fratura é uma boa opção para o tratamento de pacientes que apresentarem pseudoartrose após tratamento clínico, ou apresentam contraindicações para o uso do "halo vest", como fraturas da calota craniana, ou grandes lacerações de couro cabeludo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment using pedicle screws going through C2 pedicles for fixating the spondylolisthesis of the axis in patients who presented pseudoarthrosis after clinical treatment, or who have no condition for fixation with "halo vest", due to serious head trauma. METHOD: Ten patients have been operated from June 1998 to April 2002, nine suffering from traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis caused by car accident and one horse fall. Four of those patients have undergone clinical treatment and presented signs of pseudoarthrosis, suffering intense pain at the movement of the cervical spine. Two of them presented moderate head trauma with multiple fractures of the skull. Another one was submitted to a surgical treatment for an acute extradural hematoma. Three patients presented a serious dislocation of C2 over C3. The patients were submitted to arthrodesis of the fractures with two screws, placed on the C2 pedicles, which allowed a better approximation of the fractures with the alignment of C2-C3. Two other patients required additional fixation with a plate on the lateral masses of C3. RESULTS: Nine patients had a good post surgery evolution with satisfactory consolidation of the fractures and disappearance of the symptoms. One patient had a good evolution but still has cervical pain resulting from strain. CONCLUSION: The fixation of the traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis using screws in C2 pedicles and through fractures traces is a good option for treating patients who present pseudoarthrosis after clinical treatment or who present contraindication to the "halo vest", such as skull fracture or great lacerations in the scalp.