ABSTRACT There are several factors associated with lower participation in regular physical activity (PA) in adult patients with epilepsy (PWEs). Objective: To assess the relationship between the regular practice of PA with clinical and cognitive variables and quality of life (QoL) in PWEs. Methods: Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (HPAQ) was related to clinical variables, scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), on the Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu), on the Satisfaction Scale for Physical Activity (SSPA), and on the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE)-31 in 60 PWEs, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The PWEs had a mean age of 42.4±13.6 years, 50% of whom were female. Longer length of epilepsy correlated with lower PA in leisure time (Pearson correlation [r]= -0.276; p-value [p]=0.036). The occupational physical activity scores of the HPAQ correlated positively with perception (r=0.300; p=0.021), memory (r=0.381; p=0.003), semantic verbal fluency test (SVF) (r=0.427; p=0.001), and with the total score in the MMSE (r=0.327; p=0.012). The total HPAQ score correlated with the SVF (r=0.336; p=0.009) and with the MMSE (r=0.254; p=0.049). There was no correlation among the QOLIE–31, the HPAQ, and the SSPA. Conclusions: Longer duration of epilepsy was associated with the lower practice of PA. Physical activity was associated with better performance in aspects of cognition. There was no relationship between QoL and practice and satisfaction with PA, suggesting different psychosocial aspects involved.

RESUMO Existem vários fatores associados à menor participação em atividade física regular (AF) em pacientes adultos com epilepsia (PCE). Objetivo: Avaliar em PCEs a relação entre a prática regular de AF com as variáveis clínicas e cognitivas e com a qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos: Foi relacionado o Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (HPAQ) com as variáveis clínicas, escores no Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), no Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu), Satisfaction Scale for Physical Activity (SSPA) e no Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE–31) de 60 PCE, com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Idade média 42,4±13,6 anos, 50% do sexo feminino. O maior tempo de epilepsia correlacionou-se com a menor prática de AF no lazer (Correlação de Person, r= -0,276; p=0,036). Escores da AF ocupacional do HPAQ correlacionaram-se positivamente com a percepção (r=0,300; p=0,021) e a memória (r=0,381; p=0,003) no teste de fluência verbal (SVF); (r=0,427; p=0,001) e com o escore total no MMSE (r=0,327; p=0,012). O escore total do HPAQ correlacionou-se com o SVF (r=0,336; p=0,009) e com o MMSE (r=0,254; p=0,049). Não houve correlação entre o QOLIE–31 com o HPAQ e a SSPA. Conclusão: A maior duração da epilepsia associou-se com a menor prática de AF. A AF associou-se com o melhor desempenho em aspectos da cognição. Não houve relação entre QV com a prática e a satisfação e a AF, sugerindo diferentes aspectos psicossociais envolvidos.

Abstract Background It is known that the risk of suicidal behavior in adult people with epilepsy (PWEs) is high. However, the associated clinical and psychosocial factors are still being discussed. Objective To assess the risk of suicide in PWEs and relate it to resilience and quality of life (QoL) as well as with clinical variables. Methods The item “I’d be better off dead” of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) was related to the resilience scale, clinical aspects, the presence of depression, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31) scores of PWEs, with a p < 0.05. Results A total of 271 PWEs were assessed, 50.6% were female, with a mean age of 46.6 (± 15.8) years, and a mean age at 1st seizure of 24.1 (± 18.5) years. Risk for suicide occurred in 50 (19.3%) cases. In multiple logistic regression, the factors that explain the risk of suicide were female sex, depression, and lower scores on the QOLIE-31 and on the resilience scale. In the classification and regression trees, the order of importance of the variables was depression > resilience > age > QoL > age at 1st seizure. Conclusion The risk of suicide was high, and it was associated with demographic aspects, clinical variables, QoL, and resilience. A higher risk of suicide was associated with lower resilience regardless of the presence or absence of depression. In the presence of depression, a higher risk of suicide was associated with the early onset of epilepsy. In the absence of depression, the risk of suicide was associated with low QoL in young adults.

Resumo Antecedentes É sabido que o risco de comportamento suicida é elevado em pessoas adultas com epilepsia (PCEs); entretanto, ainda são discutidos quais são os fatores clínicos e psicossociais associados. Objetivo Avaliar o risco de suicídio em PCEs e relacioná-lo com a resiliência e a qualidade de vida (QV) e com as variáveis clínicas. Métodos Foi relacionado o item - “Eu preferiria estar morto” do inventário de depressão em transtornos neurológicos para a epilepsia (IDTN-E) com a escala de resiliência, os aspectos clínicos, a presença de depressão e com o inventário de qualidade de vida na epilepsia (QOLIE-31) de PCEs, com p < 0.05. Resultados Foram avaliados 271 PCEs, 50.6% dos quais eram do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 46.6 (± 15.8) anos, e idade na 1ª crise 24.1 (± 18.5) anos. O risco de suicídio ocorreu em 50 (19.3%) casos. Na regressão logística múltipla, os fatores que explicaram o maior risco de suicídio foram o sexo feminino, a depressão, e os menores escores no QOLIE-31 e na escala de resiliência. Na árvore de classificação e regressão, a ordem de importância das variáveis foi depressão > resiliência > idade > QV > idade na 1ª crise. Conclusão O risco de suicídio foi elevado e associou-se com aspectos demográficos, variáveis clínicas, a QV e a resiliência. O maior risco de suicídio associou-se à menor resiliência, independente da presença de depressão. Na presença de depressão, o maior risco de suicídio associou-se ao início precoce da epilepsia. Na ausência de depressão, o risco de suicídio associou-se à baixa QV em adultos jovens.

RESUMO Queixas de memória são frequentes em pessoas adultas com epilepsia (PCEs). Entretanto, os aspectos clínicos associados ainda não são totalmente compreendidos. Objetivo: Relacionar a ocorrência de queixas de memória em PCEs com aspectos clínicos e a autoestima. Métodos: Relacionar os dados do Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) com aspectos clínicos, a Roserberg Self-esteem Scale (SES), o MEEM e a BCB-Edu de 71 PCEs. Os dados foram comparados aos de 55 indivíduos normais (GC). Resultados: Queixa de memória (MAC-Q≥25) foi significativamente maior nos PCEs quando comparada a do GC [35 (49,3%) vs. 15 (27,2%); teste t de Student; p=0,012]. O desempenho cognitivo objetivo foi inferior nas PWEs. As queixas de memória foram associadas à menor escolaridade, presença de depressão e à SES, o MEEM, à memória incidental e o clock-drawing test nas PCEs. Conclusões: As queixas de memória foi mais frequente nas PCEs do que no GC, e houve relação com o déficit cognitivo, a escolaridade, a depressão e a baixa autoestima.

ABSTRACT Memory complaints are common in adult people with epilepsy (PWEs). However, the associated clinical aspects are not yet fully understood. Objective: This study aims to relate the occurrence of memory complaints in PWEs with clinical aspects and self-esteem. Methods: To relate the data obtained from the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) with clinical aspects, 71 PWEs were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu. These data were compared with 55 individuals in a control group (CG). Results: Memory complaints (MAC-Q≥25) were significantly higher in PWEs, when compared with individuals in the CG [35 (49.3%) vs. 15 (27.2%); Student’s t-test; p=0.012]. Objective cognitive performance was lower in PWEs. Memory complaints were associated with a lower educational level, the presence of depression, SES, MMSE, incidental memory, and the clock-drawing test scores in PWEs. Conclusions: Memory complaints were more frequent in PWEs than in individuals in the CG, and there was a relationship with cognitive deficit, educational level, depression, and low self-esteem.

RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia por COVID-19 e o isolamento social podem ter impactos adversos em pessoas adultas com epilepsia (PCE). Objetivo: Investigar a frequência das crises, a percepção de bem-estar e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade em PCE no período da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Foram relacionados os dados de um questionário de repercussões da COVID-19 com as variáveis clínicas de 114 PCE, com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: A COVID-19 ocorreu em 26 (22,8%) PCE e/ou familiares. Durante o período da pandemia, houve aumento das crises epilépticas em 11 (9,6%) PCE, mas sem relação com o diagnóstico de COVID-19. No período da pandemia, houve aumento do número de crises nos PCE com transtorno depressivo prévio e de modo distinto entre as epilepsias. Sintomas de depressão, comprometimento do bem-estar e preocupação com o estilo de vida ocorreram significativamente nos PCE com diagnostico anterior de depressão. O comprometimento do bem-estar, o aumento da ansiedade, do nervosismo e do cansaço, e a preocupação em contrair a doença foram referidos na maior parte do tempo em elevado número de PCE na pandemia. Conclusão: Houve aumento da ocorrência de crises epilépticas durante o período pandêmico e isso foi associado a variáveis clínicas da epilepsia. Pior percepção de bem-estar ocorreu nos PCE com depressão. Alteração do bem-estar e aumento de ansiedade e de nervosismo foram frequentes na pandemia.

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing can have adverse impacts on adult people with epilepsy (PWE). Objective: To investigate the seizure frequency, the perceived well-being, and the presence of anxiety symptoms in PWE during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: Data from a questionnaire on the repercussions of COVID-19 were analyzed in relation to the clinical variables of 114 PWE, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: There were 26 cases of COVID-19 in PWE and/or family members (22.8%). During the pandemic period, 11 PWE (9.6%) reported an increase in seizures, but unrelated to COVID-19. Also, the number of crises in PWE with previous depressive disorders increased, with differences between epilepsies. Symptoms of depression, impaired well-being, and concern for their lifestyle were significant in PWE with a previous diagnosis of depression. Impaired well-being, increased anxiety, nervousness, and tiredness, and the concern with being infected were mentioned by a high number of PWE in the pandemic. Conclusion: Seizure frequency increased during the pandemic period, a finding associated with clinical variables of epilepsy. PWE with depression had worse perceived well-being. Changes in well-being and increased anxiety and nervousness were frequent in the pandemic.

RESUMO Introdução: A queixa de memória fraca é frequente em pessoas com epilepsia. Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de queixas de memória em idosos com epilepsia (IE) e se há associação com variáveis clínicas, desempenho cognitivo objetivo e qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos: O questionário de queixa de memória (memory complaint questionnaire — MAC-Q) foi relacionado ao desempenho cognitivo objetivo, o inventário de depressão de transtornos neurológicos para epilepsia (neurological disorders depression inventory for epilepsy — NDDI-E), o QOLIE-31 e com as características clínicas de 83 IE. Resultados: Houve desempenho cognitivo inferior e maiores escores no MAC-Q em IE quando comparados aos de um grupo controle similar (n=40). Comprometimento de múltiplos domínios cognitivos ocorreu em 34 (41%) IE e associou-se a maior idade e menor escolaridade. Queixas de memória (MAC-Q≥25) foram observadas em 45 (54,2%) IE e associadas a idade mais elevada, menor escolaridade, início das crises aos ≥60 anos, maiores escores no NDDI-E, menores escores no QOLIE-31 e comprometimento de múltiplos domínios cognitivos. Conclusões: Pior desempenho cognitivo e maiores queixa de memória ocorreram em IE. Crises com início aos ≥60 anos foram associadas a queixas, mas não a déficit objetivo cognitivo. Houve associação entre desempenho cognitivo subjetivo e objetivo, com aspectos da epilepsia e pior QV.

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with epilepsy frequently complain of poor memory. Objective: To assess the occurrence of memory complaints in older adults with epilepsy (OAE) and whether it is associated with clinical variables, objective cognitive performance, and quality of life (QoL). Methods: The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) was related to objective cognitive performance, the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31), and the clinical characteristics of 83 OAE. Results: OAE showed worse cognitive performance and higher MAC-Q scores when compared to a similar control group (n=40). Impairment in multiple cognitive domains occurred in 34 (41%) OAE and was associated with older age and lower educational level. Memory complaints (MAC-Q≥25) were reported by 45 (54.2%) OAE and associated with older age, lower educational level, onset at ≥60 years, higher NDDI-E scores, lower QOLIE-31 scores, and impairment in multiple cognitive domains. Conclusions: OAE presented worse cognitive performance and greater memory complaints. Episode onset at ≥60 years of age was associated with complaints, but not with objective cognitive deficit. We found an association between subjective and objective cognitive performance, with aspects of epilepsy and worse QoL scores.

RESUMO. É frequente a ocorrência de déficits cognitivos em pessoas com epilepsia (PWE). Entretanto, no Brasil, as PWE podem ficar sem avaliação neurocognitiva pelo reduzido número de testes disponíveis e validados para nossa cultura e pela ausência de equipes multidisciplinares em ambulatórios gerais de epilepsia. Objetivo: Relacionar os escores do Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) aos aspectos da epilepsia de 371 PWE. Métodos: Foi feita avaliação clínica e cognitiva (MMSE, BCB-Edu) de 371 PWE com idade > 18 anos. Foram relacionados os aspectos da epilepsia com os dados do BCB-Edu. Os dados cognitivos foram comparados aos de 95 indivíduos normais (NC), com p<0.05. Resultados: PWE apresentam desempenho cognitivo inferior ao do grupo NC. Os aspectos cognitivos foram distintos, segundo aspectos da epilepsia. Na regressão logística, os fatores preditivos para comprometimento em múltiplos domínios cognitivos foram a idade e a utilização de mais de uma droga antiepiléptica (R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). Conclusão: Houve, nas PWE, pior desempenho cognitivo em diferentes domínios. Houve relação entre déficit cognitivo com aspectos da epilepsia. O BCB-Edu mostrou-se eficaz como teste de triagem cognitiva na epilepsia em adultos.

ABSTRACT. Cognitive deficits often occur in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, in Brazil, PWE might not undergo neurocognitive evaluation due to the low number of validated tests available and lack of multidisciplinary teams in general epilepsy outpatient clinics. Objective: To correlate Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) scores with epilepsy characteristics of 371 PWE. Methods: Clinical and cognitive assessment (MMSE, BCB-Edu) of 371 PWE aged >18 years was performed. The clinical aspects of epilepsy were correlated with BCB-Edu data. Cognitive data of PWE were compared against those of 95 healthy individuals (NC), with p-<0.05. Results: People with epilepsy had lower cognitive performance than individuals in the NC group. Cognitive aspects also differed according to epilepsy characteristics. Predictive factors for impairment in multiple cognitive domains were age and use of more than one antiepileptic drug (logistic regression; R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). Conclusion: Worse cognitive performance was found in PWE on different domains. There was a relationship between cognitive impairment and the aspects of epilepsy. BCB-Edu proved to be effective as a cognitive assessment screening test for epilepsy in adults.

ABSTRACT Objective: to relate the risk of dysphagia and aspects of eating behavior to the cognitive aspects of elderly people with dementia. Methods: 35 elderly patients with Alzheimer or vascular dementia were submitted to clinical and cognitive assessments as well as to a questionnaire for assessing appetite/eating disorder and the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP). Appropriate statistical tests were applied adopting a significance level lower than 0.05. Results: mild dementia occurred in 16 cases, moderate, in 14, and severe, in 5. Complaints of choking/coughing in the medical history, and signs of dysphagia in the DREP, occurred in 9 and 25 elderly patients, respectively, with no differences regarding the type and severity of dementia. Patients presented with dysphagia and alterations in the oral and pharyngeal phases of DREP, were older. Alterations in the pharyngeal phase were associated with poorer performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination (total score, attention/calculation, language). Changes in appetite/weight/eating habits were associated with signs of dysphagia, increasing severity of dementia and functional impairment. Conclusion: choking/coughing and signs of dysphagia were high. Changes in appetite/weight/eating habits were related to the severity of dementia and presence of dysphagia, and cognitive disorders and old age were associated with dysphagia.

Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer's pathology is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and functional disability that causes progressive restrictions in daily activities. The present study associates nutritional status with cognitive and clinical aspects of the elderly with mild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: data from the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA), anthropometric measurements, and physical activity indicators were associated with clinical and cognitive aspects of 43 elderly patients with AD. The data were compared to a paired control group (NC) (n = 51) at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: elderly patients with AD presented lower cognitive performance, higher risk of malnutrition (p = 0.001), lower weight (t-test, p = 0.017) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.006), and higher sedentarity (Chi-square, p = 0.040) when compared with the NC. The elderly with AD presented significant reduction in lean body mass (LM) and increased fat mass (FM). As dementia progresses, significant impairment of nutritional indicators is observed. Elderly patients with severe AD present lower weight, BMI, MNA scores and increased body fat mass index and fat mass when compared with those with mild/moderate AD. A correlation was observed between better cognitive performance and weight, BMI, calf circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Conclusion: elderly patients with AD present high sedentarity, risk of malnutrition, lower weight, BMI and LM, and increased FM. There was progressive impairment of nutritional status and cognition as the disease progressed. There is an association between the nutritional variables and cognitive aspects.

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por incapacidad funcional, generalmente progresiva y con restricciones en la vida diaria. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y los aspectos cognitivos y clínicos en las personas mayores con EA leve, moderada y grave. Métodos: se relacionaron los datos del Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA), las medidas antropométricas y los indicadores de actividad física con los aspectos clínicos y cognitivos de 43 personas mayores con EA. Los datos se compararon a los de un grupo control (GC) pareado de 51 individuos, con un nivel de significación p < 0,05. Resultados: las personas mayores con EA tuvieron peores resultados en la evaluación cognitiva, un mayor riesgo de desnutrición (Mann-Whitney test; p = 0,001), menor peso (t test; p = 0,017) y menor índice de masa corporal (IMC) (p = 0,006), aunque un mayor sedentarismo (2; p = 0,040), en comparación al GC. Las personas mayores con EA presentan, de manera significativa, menores medidas de masa magra (MM) y mayores medidas de masa grasa (MG). Según evoluciona la demencia los indicadores nutricionales empeoran. Las personas mayores con EA grave presentan menor peso, IMC y puntuación del MNA, pero mayores índices de masa grasa y masa magra cuando se comparan con los de EA leve y moderado. Hubo una correlación significativa entre un mejor desempeño cognitivo con el peso, IMC y medidas de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla c y el grosor del pliegue tricipital. Conclusión: las personas mayores con EA son más sedentarias, presentan mayor riesgo de desnutrición, menor peso, IMC y MM, y un aumento de la MG según va empeorando la enfermedad. Hay relación entre las variables nutricionales y los aspectos cognitivos.

RESUMO Existem lacunas no conhecimento sobre como o cuidador familiar lida com o ônus de cuidar de idosos com demência. Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida (QV), sobrecarga, resiliência e religiosidade dos cuidadores familiares e relacioná-los com aspectos cognitivos e ocorrência de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em idosos com demência. Métodos: Dados da escala de QV, versão dos cuidadores, entrevista de sobrecarga, escala de resiliência, inventário de depressão de Beck e PDUREL de 50 cuidadores familiares foram correlacionados com avaliação de incapacidade para demência, inventário neuropsiquiátrico e aspectos clínicos de 50 idosos com demência. Resultados: A regressão linear mostrou que a resiliência está relacionada a melhor percepção da QV (p<0,001), gravidade da demência (p=0,008), maior religiosidade intrínseca (p=0,044) e menor ocorrência de sintomas depressivos (p=0,001). O aumento da sobrecarga do cuidador familiar esteve relacionado à maior ocorrência de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos, escolaridade dos idosos com demência e pior percepção da QV (p<0,001). Nível inferior de religiosidade organizacional estava relacionado à gravidade da demência. Conclusão: O cuidador mais resiliente apresenta maior QV e IR, menos sintomas depressivos e cuida de idosos com graus mais severos de demência. Aspectos cognitivos, sociodemográficos e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em idosos com demência estão relacionados à QV e maior sobrecarga do cuidador.

ABSTRACT There are gaps in knowledge regarding how the family caregiver deals with the burden of caring for elderly people with dementia. Objective: To evaluate the family caregivers’ perception of quality of life (QoL), burden, resilience and religiosity and relate them with cognitive aspects and occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms of elderly with dementia. Methods: Data from the QoL-AD scale, caregivers’ version, burden interview, resilience scale, Beck depression inventory and PDUREL of 50 family caregivers were correlated with disability assessment for dementia, neuropsychiatric inventory and clinical aspects of 50 elderly with dementia. Results: Linear regression showed that resilience is related with better perceived QoL (p<0.001), severity of dementia (p=0.008), higher intrinsic religiosity (IR) (p=0.044) and lower occurrence of depressive symptoms (p=0.001). Increased burden of family caregivers was associated with a higher occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, education of the elder with dementia, and worse perceived QoL (p<0.001). Lower level of organizational religiosity was associated with severity of dementia. Conclusion: The most resilient caregivers had higher QoL and IR, fewer depressive symptoms, and cared for elders with more severe dementia. Cognitive and sociodemographic aspects, as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms, in the elderly with dementia were associated with QoL and greater caregiver burden.

Objetivo Estudar os aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e comorbidades psiquiátricas que influenciam a qualidade de vida de pacientes adultos com epilepsia. Métodos Cento e trinta e dois indivíduos com diagnóstico de epilepsia foram avaliados do ponto de vista clínico-neurológico e psiquiátrico e pelo Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). Foram estudados os fatores preditores dos escores do QOLIE-31. Resultados As análises de regressão indicaram a existência de comorbidade psiquiátrica (escore total, crises epilépticas, bem-estar emocional, energia/fadiga, função social e cognição) e a maior frequência de crises (escore total, cognição e energia/fadiga) como fatores preditivos de escores menores no escore total do QOLIE-31 e em várias dimensões. Anormalidade ao exame neurológico e politerapia com drogas antiepiléticas foram fatores negativos limitados a uma das dimensões função cognitiva e função social, respectivamente. Conclusão A presença de comorbidade psiquiátrica e a maior frequência de crises foram os principais fatores a influenciar a qualidade de vida avaliada pelo QOLIE-31 em pacientes com epilepsia.

Objective To study socio-demographic and clinical aspects, as well as psychiatric co-morbidity that influence the quality of life of adult epileptic patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-two individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were evaluated from neurological/clinical and psychiatric points of view and by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). Predictive factors for the QOLIE-31 scores were studied. Results The regression analyses indicated the existence of psychiatric co-morbidity (total score, seizure worry, emotional well-being, energy/fatigue, social function and cognitive function) and a greater seizure frequency (total score, cognitive function and energy/fatigue) as predictive factors for lower scores in the total QOLIE-31 score and in various dimensions. Abnormalities in the neurological exam and poly-therapy with anti-epileptic drugs were negative factors limited to one of the dimensions cognitive function and social function, respectively. Conclusion The presence of psychiatric co-morbidity and a greater seizure frequency were the main factors influencing the quality of life in epileptic patients as evaluated by QOLIE-31.

Epilepsia no idoso tem elevada incidência e peculiaridades pouco estudadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos de pacientes que apresentaram a primeira crise epiléptica (CE) tardiamente. Foram avaliados 55 pacientes com epilepsia tardia (com início após os 50 anos), divididos em dois grupos segundo a idade de início das CE: de 51-60 anos (G51-60) e após os 60 anos (G60+). Predominaram as CE focais, que foram menos frequentes em G60+. A ocorrência de status epilepticus foi elevada e mais frequente em G60+, enquanto as CE em série predominaram em G51-60. A epilepsia sintomática foi a mais frequente e de etiologia vascular. Atividade epileptiforme esteve associada ao maior número de crises epilépticas. Anormalidades da atividade de base ao EEG foram mais frequentes em G60+. Em conclusão, a epilepsia iniciada após os 50 anos é predominantemente focal e sintomática, com alta ocorrência de status epilepticus e CE em série.

Epilepsy in older individuals has an elevated incidence. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the clinical, EEG and brain imaging aspects in patients showing late-onset epilepsy. Fifty-five patients with late-onset epilepsy (older than 50 years) were evaluated. They were composed of two groups according to the onset age of the epilepsy seizure (ES): 51-60 (G51-60) and over 60 (G60+) years. Focal ES predominated although they were less frequent in G60+. The occurrence of status epilepticus was high and more frequent in G60+ whereas seizures in series predominated in G51-60. Symptomatic epilepsy was more frequent and the vascular etiology predominated. Epileptiform activity was associated with a greater number of ES, and background activity abnormalities were more frequent in G60+. In conclusion, epilepsy with onset at over 50 was predominantly focal and symptomatic, with a high occurrence of status epilepticus and of seizures in series.

Resumo Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença crônica que se manifesta principalmente por sinais e sintomas motores, mas com alterações neuropsicológicas frequentes. Objetivos: Estudar a relação de aspectos clínicos e cognitivos com a percepção da qualidade de vida (QV) em pacientes com DP. Métodos: Foram analisados 20 pacientes (13 do gênero masculino) consecutivos com DP idiopática (idade média: 64,5 anos), tempo médio de doença de 7,8 anos e estágio 1-3 na escala Hoehn e Yarh modificada (HY), procedentes do ambulatório de Neurologia do Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro (PUC-Campinas). Foram realizados: anamnese, exame neurológico, mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM), bateria neurospicológica do CERAD, escala de depressão de Hamilton (EDH) e questionário de QV (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - PDQ-39). Foi feito o estudo estatístico, com nível de significância p<0.05. Resultados: Comprometimento motor e no item "linguagem" do MEEM foram preditores de pior QV no PDQ-39 "total", "mobilidade" e "atividades da vida diária". A fluência verbal foi fator de "bem estar emocional" do PDQ-39, enquanto maiores escores na EDH e desempenho inferior no item "atenção e calculo" do MEEM estiveram associados a pior QV em "apoio social". O escore total do MEEM e o nivel de escolaridade foram fatores de QV em "cognição". Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que diferentes fatores clínicos, cognitivos, da motricidade ou ligados a depressão contribuem de modo diferenciado para os diversos domínios da QV.

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic disease manifested principally by motor signs and symptoms, but with frequent neuropsychological alterations. Objectives: To study the relationship between clinical and cognitive aspects and the perception of quality of life (QOL) in PD patients. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients (13 men) with idiopathic PD (mean age: 64.5y), mean disease time of 7.8 years and at stages 1-3 according to the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS), all outpatients from the Neurology Department of the Celso Pierro General and Maternity Hospital (PUC-Campinas), were analyzed. The following were applied: a clinical-neurological assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), standard neuropsychological battery of the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and a QOL questionnaire (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - PDQ-39). Statistical analysis was carried out at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: On the PDQ-39 under the sections total, mobility and activities of daily living, and the items motor compromise (HYS) and language of the MMSE were predictors of worse QOL. Verbal fluency was a factor for emotional well-being on the PDQ-39, whereas higher scores for HAM-D and worse performance on the item attention and calculation of the MMSE were associated with worse QOL in the social support section. Total score on the MMSE and educational level were QOL factors in cognition Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that clinical, cognitive, motor or other depression-related factors contribute differently to the domains of QOL.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estima-se que aproximadamente 50% dos pacientes com epilepsia têm problemas para encontrar emprego. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a situação laboral e a licença para dirigir de 92 pacientes com epilepsia focal sintomática ou provavelmente sintomática e, correlaciona-la a aspectos clínicos e sociodemográficos. RESULTADOS: 31 (33,7%) pacientes estavam empregados, 19 (20,7%) desempregados, 33 (35,9%) afastados/aposentados. Os pacientes com maior escolaridade formal, da cor branca, e do gênero masculino estavam mais empregados (ANOVA; p<0,05). 30 (46,1%) pacientes referiram que a epilepsia motivou a demissão. Houve relação significativa entre ocorrência de CE no trabalho com desemprego e afastamento/aposentadoria (χ2; p=0,03). Não houve relação entre aspectos clínicos da epilepsia e situação ocupacional. DISCUSSÃO: Foram observados índices elevados de desemprego e afastamentos/aposentadoria. Houve relação entre desemprego e ocorrência de CE no trabalho, e baixa escolaridade e qualificação profissional. CONCLUSÃO: A baixa escolaridade/qualificação profissional e o estigma agravaram a perspectiva de empregabilidade dos indivíduos, contribuindo para a exclusão social.

INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that approximately 50% of patients with epilepsy have difficulty finding employment. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the employment situation and driving license of patients with symptomatic or probably symptomatic focal epilepsy and correlate it with clinical and socio-demographic aspects. METHODS: Ninety-two patients were classified into 3 groups: "employed", "unemployed" and "retired/on leave". The relationship between employment and socio-demographic aspects and those of epilepsy was studied, and also whether the patients were holders of national driving licenses. RESULTS: Thirty-one (33.7%) of the patients were employed, 19 (20.7%) unemployed and 33 (35.9%) retired/on leave. Patients with formal education of less than 9 years predominated (p<0.05) in the "retired/on leave" group and non-white patients were more frequently unemployed. Of 58 patients who lost their jobs, 27 (46.6%) reported that epilepsy was the main reason (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the occurrence of ES at work and unemployment and "leave/retirement" (p<0.05). There was no relationship between clinical aspects and the employment situation. Nineteen (33.9%) of the 56 surveyed reported being holders of driving licenses. DISCUSSION: There was a high index of unemployment and retired/on leave individuals. There was a relationship between unemployment and the occurrence of ES at work and with a low scholastic level. CONCLUSION: The low scholastic level/professional qualifications and the stigma aggravated the employment perspectives of these individuals, contributing to their social exclusion.