In this work, it is reported a comparison between solid microspheres produced from glass having conventional industrial sand (IS) and glasses made with rice husk ashes (RHA) as a source of silica. The same composition was used to fabricate both glasses. The focused was the production of glass microspheres for road horizontal marking, which would attend the type classification called Premix. The microspheres were obtained by the horizontal flame method. The results showed that characteristics such as production yield, morphology, granulometry and, mainly, retroreflectivity measurements are not altered when rice husk ash is present in the glass composition, showing that this can be a sustainable alternative material for this important application. work IS (IS RHA (RHA silica marking Premix method yield morphology mainly application

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo relacionar o experimento de Young com uma técnica experimental de fabricação de estruturas periódicas conhecida como litografia interferométrica de dois feixes. A relação entre os experimentos foi feita em termos de distribuição de intensidade, considerando uma abordagem vetorial, onde foi utilizado como ponto de partida a superposição de duas ondas planas. Nos limites considerados no experimento de Young, os resultados mostram que a distribuição de intensidade de ambos os experimentos coincidem. Além disso, este estudo possibilita ampliar a discussão da interferência luminosa, particularmente o uso deste fenômeno em aplicações tecnológicas.

Abstract This work aims to relate Young's experiment with an experimental technique for periodic structures fabrication known as two-beam interference lithography. The relationship between the experiments was made in terms of intensity distribution, considering a vectorial approach, where the superposition of two plane waves was used as a starting point. Within the limits considered in Young's experiment, the results show that the intensity distribution of both experiments coincide. In addition, this study provides a broader discussion on light interference, particularly the use of this phenomenon in technological applications.

Introduction and objective: The non-contact mapping system with expandable balloon catheter allows ventricular arrhythmia mapping with few ectopic beats. The aim of this study was to analyze ablation results with this system. Methods: Patients with ventricular arrhythmia were prospectively and consecutively studied with the non-contact mapping system. Results: The study included 10 patients, 8 women, with mean age of 45 years (range: 27 to 65). Arrhythmia origin was right ventricular outflow tract in 8 patients, right ventricular inflow tract in 1 and left ventricular outflow tract in 1. Acute success was obtained in 9/10 patients (90%). Mean follow-up was 6 months (range 1 to 16); 8 patients continued with obliterated arrhythmia without medication and 1 patient required pharmacologic treatment. The only complication was femoral arteriovenous fistula. Conclusions: The non-contact mapping system allows a highly efficient and safe approach of right ventricular arrhythmias. Future studies with more patients and comparing with other methods may confirm these results.

Introducción y objetivo: El sistema de cartografía sin contacto permite el mapeo de arritmias ventriculares, mediante un catéter balón expandible, con escasos latidos ectópicos. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de analizar los resultados de la ablación con este sistema. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron en forma prospectiva y consecutiva pacientes con arritmia ventricular en los que se utilizó el sistema de cartografía sin contacto. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 8 mujeres, con una edad media de 45 años (mínima-máxima 27-65). El origen de la arritmia fue el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho en 8 pacientes, el tracto de entrada del ventrículo derecho en 1 y el tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo en 1. Se obtuvo el éxito agudo en 9/10 (90%). El seguimiento medio fue de 6 meses (mínimo 1, máximo 16), 8 pacientes continuaron con abolición de la arritmia sin fármacos y 1 requirió tratamiento farmacológico. La única complicación fue una fístula arteriovenosa femoral. Conclusiones: El sistema de cartografía sin contacto permite el abordaje de arritmias ventriculares de origen derecho con una tasa alta de eficacia y seguridad. Nuevos estudios con una población mayor y que comparen con otras formas de abordaje podrán confirmar estos resultados.

Introduction Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is more effective than antiarrhythmic drugs for symptoms control, particularly in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The procedure is laborious and complex and not exempt from complications. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation in a consecutive and selected population with recurrent atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Methods One-hundred and eleven patients (90 men) with paroxysmal (n = 75) or persistent (n = 36) atrial fibrillation, refractory to 2 (1.5-3) antiarrhythmic drugs were selected for radiofrequency catheter ablation. All the procedures were performed following a uniform methodology. Mean age was 56 ± 11 years, left atrial diameter was 41.5 (39-45) mm and left ventricular ejection fraction was 60% (56.5-66.5%). A total of 126 radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures were performed, including 15 second procedures, and 476/489 (97.3%) pulmonary veins were isolated. Twenty-five patients (22.5%) presented spontaneous ectopic activity in the pulmonary veins. Nonfatal complications occurred in 7/126 procedures (5.5%) and were satisfactorily resolved. Three patients presented vascular complications; other complications included one related to anesthesia, one subacute cardiac tamponade, one pericarditis without effusion and one pulmonary vein stenosis. After 22-month follow-up (13-35 months), 83 patients (74.8%) remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. The remaining 28 patients (25.2%) presented recurrences. Four of these patients had a favorable response to these previously inefficient drugs, 8 had atrial fibrillation in spite of receiving antiarrhythmic drugs and 1 patient will undergo a new ablation. The remaining 15 patients underwent a second ablation procedure; 10 of them are free of recurrences after 12 (9-31) months. Conclusion In this consecutive series of patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to drugs, radiofrequency catheter ablation showed an adequate rate of success and low level of complications.

Introducción La ablación por radiofrecuencia de la fibrilación auricular es más eficaz que las drogas antiarrítmicas en el control de los síntomas, particularmente cuando la arritmia es paroxística. Consiste en un procedimiento laborioso y complejo no exento de complicaciones. Objetivo Evaluar los resultados de la ablación por radiofrecuencia en una población seleccionada consecutiva con fibrilación auricular recurrente y refractaria a drogas antiarrítmicas. Material y métodos Se evaluaron 111 pacientes, 90 hombres, con fibrilación auricular paroxística (n = 75) o persistente (n = 36), refractaria a 2 (1,5-3) drogas antiarrítmicas que fueron seleccionados para la ablación por radiofrecuencia. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron siguiendo una metodología uniforme. La edad fue de 56 ± 11 años, con un diámetro de la aurícula izquierda de 41,5 (39-45) mm y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo del 60% (56,5-66,5%). Se realizaron 126 procedimientos de ablación por radiofrecuencia, incluyendo 15 segundos procedimientos. Se aislaron 476/489 (97,3%) venas pulmonares. Veinticinco pacientes (22,5%) presentaron actividad ectópica espontánea de las venas pulmonares. Se presentaron complicaciones no mortales en 7/126 procedimientos (5,5%), que se resolvieron satisfactoriamente. Tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones vasculares y se observó una complicación anestésica, un taponamiento cardíaco subagudo, una pericarditis sin derrame y una estenosis de vena pulmonar. Luego de un seguimiento de 22 (13-35) meses, 83 pacientes (74,8%) se mantuvieron en ritmo sinusal sin drogas antiarrítmicas. Los 28 pacientes restantes (25,2%) presentaron recurrencias. Cuatro de ellos respondieron satisfactoriamente a estas drogas (previamente ineficaces), ocho tuvieron fibrilación auricular a pesar de recibir drogas antiarrítmicas y 1 paciente se encuentra en plan de reablación. A los 15 pacientes restantes se les realizó un segundo procedimiento de ablación. Diez de ellos se mantienen sin recurrencias luego de 12 (9-31) meses. Conclusión En esta serie consecutiva de pacientes con fibrilación auricular refractaria a drogas antiarrítmicas, la ablación por radiofrecuencia mostró una tasa de éxito adecuada y un nivel bajo de complicaciones.

Hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (CH) is a rare complication in our environment. His find, still more, is uncommon cause of death in individuals not diagnosed of CH. We report the case of a woman of 87 years-old with clinical history of chronic hepatitis C, hypertension, and abdominal trauma without evidence of prior, which debuted with a nonspecific malaise, nausea and vomiting several hours of evolution, why was prescribed and administered metoclopramide home. She died a few hours after care, which is why judicial autopsy was performed. The autopsy was shown a 3000 cc hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture intratumoral in a cirrhotic liver.

El hemoperitoneo secundario a la rotura de un carcinoma hepatocelular (CH) es una complicación poco frecuente en nuestro medio, siendo más infrecuente su hallazgo como causa de muerte en individuos no diagnosticados de CH. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 87 años con antecedentes patológicos de hepatitis C crónica e hipertensión arterial y sin constancia de traumatismo abdominal previo, que debutó con un cuadro inespecífico de malestar general, náuseas y vómitos de varias horas de evolución, motivo por el cual se le prescribió y administró domiciliariamente metoclopramida. Falleció a las pocas horas de la atención médica, motivo por el cual se practicó la autopsia judicial. Durante la misma se evidenció un hemoperitoneo de 3.000 cc secundario a una rotura intratumoral sobre un hígado cirrótico.

Forensic anthropology usually only studies skeletons, human remains, corpses in bad condition or dismemberments, but it can also be outstandingly useful as a complementary technique in ordinary autopsies with bone injuries. The case we are presenting is about a teenager who suffered an unique incision in his chest and in whose post skeletonization more rib injuries became evident.

La antropología forense suele limitarse al estudio de esqueletos, restos óseos, cadáveres en mal estado o en descuartizados, pero puede ser extraordinariamente útil como técnica complementaria en las autopsias convencionales en las que existan lesiones óseas. Presentamos un caso de un adolescente que sufrió una única herida por arma blanca en tórax. La esqueletización permitió evidenciar más lesiones costales de las que eran visibles durante la autopsia.

Brain tumors are seldom studied in forensic pathology services and they are seen in circumstances such as sudden unexpected death or in malpractice complaints. In most cases they are incidental findings, like meningioma, and in few cases they are the cause of death. We present the case of a 40 years old male Pakistani with linguistic barrier suffering from headache and vomiting who was diagnosed as a flue and died suddenly. Forensic autopsy and histopathologic studies showed a grade II astrocytoma.

El diagnóstico de tumoraciones cerebrales en los servicios de patología forense es muy poco frecuente y suelen llegar a ellos ya sea como consecuencia de muertes súbitas o en el contexto de denuncias por mala praxis médica. Dentro de la escasa frecuencia, la mayoría de ellos son únicamente hallazgos incidentales de autopsia, como en el caso de muchos meningiomas, pero en otros puede ser la causa de muerte. Presentamos el caso de un varón paquistaní de 40 años, con barrera idiomática, que consultó en un servicio de urgencias por un cuadro de cefalea, náuseas y vómitos y que falleció después del alta médica con el diagnóstico de cuadro respiratorio de vías altas. La autopsia y los estudios anatomopatológicos evidenciaron un astrocitoma grado II.

Saguinus inustus (Schwarz, 1951) é um dos primatas neotropicais menos estudados. No Brasil, a espécie ocorre ao norte do Rio Amazonas entre os Rios Negro e Japurá (Caquetá), e Guayabero-Guaviare na Colômbia. No entanto, devido ao pequeno número de espécimes coletados entre o baixo Japurá e o baixo Negro a distribuição geográfica é mal delineada. No presente estudo, os dados de campo são compostos por observações e coletas realizadas durante o levantamento da diversidade de mamíferos da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã (RDSA). Para este levantamento, duas expedições de 40 dias foram realizadas em 2004. A primeira ocorreu durante a estação da cheia em junho e julho, e a segunda durante o pico da estação seca em outubro. Observações diretas foram feitas através de deslocamentos a pé em transecções, de lancha 30 hp ao longo de cursos d'água, e de canoas durante a cheia na área de várzea. Novos registros de S. inustus foram realizados em 11 diferentes localidades na RDSA. Este estudo confirmou a presença da espécie em Amanã, realizando os primeiros registros da espécie em florestas alagadas.

Saguinus inustus (Schwarz, 1951) is one of the neotropical primates least studied. The distribution of the species ranges from the north of the Solimões River, between the Negro and Japurá Rivers in Brazil, and Guayabero-Guaviare Rivers in Colombia. Nevertheless, due to the low number of specimens collected from the lower Japurá and lower Negro Rivers areas, the geographic distribution is so far poorly delineated. In this study, field data was composed of sightings and the collection of specimens during a survey of mammal diversity in the Amana Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR). For this survey, two 40-day expeditions were carried out in 2004. The first one occurred during the flooded season in June and July, and the second was during the peak of the dry season in October. Direct sightings were made through hiking along transects, navigation along water channels with a 30-hp speedboat, and gliding along flooded trails in the forest. New records of S. inustus were made in 11 different localities in ASDR. The study has confirmed the presence of the species in the Amanã area, carrying out the first records of the species in flooded forest habitats.