Abstract This study evaluates the knowledge about palliative care of medical students in their final years at universities that adopt problem-based learning methodology in Northeast Brazil. It was observed that 78% of the students did not have sufficient information on the care of terminally ill patients, and only 55% knew the World Health Organization’s definition of palliative care. Regarding specific knowledge, students showed an unsatisfactory level of achievement in the domains of dyspnea, psychiatric and gastrointestinal problems; acceptable in the pain domain and excellent in philosophy of palliative care and communication skills. Knowledge regarding pain management, dyspnea and psychiatric problems improved during the internship. Therefore, it was found that students come into contact with the subject but have a significant deficit in issues related to the management of common symptoms in palliative care.

Resumen Este estudio evalúa el conocimiento de cuidados paliativos por los estudiantes de medicina de los últimos años en universidades que adoptan la metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas en el Noreste de Brasil. El 78% de los estudiantes no tenía suficiente información sobre la atención a pacientes terminales, y solo el 55% conocía la definición de cuidados paliativos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Respecto a los conocimientos específicos, los estudiantes demostraron un insatisfactorio nivel de precisión en los dominios disnea, problemas psiquiátricos y gastrointestinales, aceptable en el dominio dolor y excelente en la filosofía de cuidados paliativos y habilidades de comunicación. En el internado adquirieron conocimientos sobre el manejo del dolor, la disnea y los problemas psiquiátricos. Se constató que los estudiantes tienen contacto con el tema, pero presentan un déficit significativo en temas relacionados con el manejo de los síntomas comunes en los cuidados paliativos.

Resumo O presente estudo avalia o conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos de estudantes de medicina dos últimos anos nas universidades que adotam a metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em problemas no Nordeste do Brasil. Observou-se que 78% dos estudantes não tiveram informações suficientes sobre cuidados de pacientes em situação terminal, e apenas 55% conheciam a definição de cuidados paliativos da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Quanto aos conhecimentos específicos, os estudantes demonstraram um nível de acerto insatisfatório nos domínios dispneia, problemas psiquiátricos e gastrintestinais; aceitável no domínio dor e excelente em filosofia dos cuidados paliativos e habilidade de comunicação. Durante o internato houve ganho de conhecimento quanto a manejo da dor, dispneia e problemas psiquiátricos. Portanto, verificou-se que os estudantes entram em contato com o tema, porém apresentam déficit significativo nas questões relacionadas ao manejo de sintomas comuns em cuidados paliativos.

Abstract Objectives: To highlight the prevalence of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas in the olfactory cleft of patients with nasal polyposis. To demonstrate characteristics indicative of hamartoma on the CT scans of paranasal sinuses during surgery and in histopathological exams. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG and Núcleo de Otorrino BH. We performed 114 nasal endoscopic surgeries for polyposis, between February 2015 and November 2019. We assessed the olfactory cleft width in all preoperative CT scans. Upon seeing an indication of hamartoma on the CT scan, we took a tissue sample from the olfactory cleft during the surgery and sent for histopathological exam. We referred the samples to a pathologist experienced in the anatomopathological diagnosis of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas. Results: Of the 114 patients with polyposis, 54 (47.4%) had olfactory cleft enlargement and, 100% of them had tissue with a dense and hardened polypoid aspect, with a slight cerebri-form appearance in this region during the surgery. Histology confirmed a respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma. Conclusion: This observation suggests that the presence of hamartomas in polyposis is common, but underdiagnosed. Level of evidence: Step 3 (Level 3).

ABSTRACT. Data analysis in goat production, such as those related to body and scrotal measurements, indicate the productive and reproductive animal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the correlations between thoracic perimeter (TP), body length (BL), body compacity (BC), body volume (BV), and scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) in young male goats of Saanen and Boer breeds. It was used 38 Saanen and 24 Boer male goats, with age average of 7.2 ± 2.0 months. Thoracic perimeter and body length measurements were obtained using a tape measure (cm) and the live weight (kg) a mechanic scale. The variables body compacity (BC) and body volume (BV) were calculated using the equations: BC = BW.BL -1 and BV = TP.BL. Boer breed showed live weight and body compacity higher than Saanen breed (p < 0.05). Regarding correlations between biometric measurements and body weight, we did not find any statistical differences between the breeds (p > 0.05). The scrotal circumference presented the lowest association with body weight (p < 0.05). However, all biometric measurements showed highly significant correlations with live body (p < 0.01). In conclusion, thoracic perimeter was the main measure of body weight predictor, considering efficiency and practical aspects.

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the interplay between dental caries, nutritional status, and genetic polymorphisms in TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 (taste receptor, type 1, member 1 and 2) in preschool children and pre-adolescents. We included 525 subjects (306 preschool children and 219 pre-adolescents). Parents/caregivers answered a self-administered questionnaire about their children’s systemic health, characteristics, oral hygiene habits, and diet. Clinical examination was performed to evaluate dental caries and nutritional status. Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction. The genotyping of rs17492553 ( TAS1R1 ), rs3935570, and rs4920566 ( TAS1R2 ) polymorphisms was performed using real-time PCR with Taqman Genotyping Master Mix and SNP assay. Both univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used for the data analysis. In preschool children, consumption of sweets between meals increased the prevalence of dental caries by 85% (PR c = 1.85; 95%CI 1.39–2.46; p < 0.001), whereas in pre-adolescents, this prevalence increased by 34% (PR a = 1.34; 95%CI 1.11–1.62; p = 0.002), regardless of genetic polymorphisms . Moreover, individuals carrying at least one allele C in rs17492553 presented 23% more prevalence of dental caries (PR a = 1.23; 95%CI 1.02–1.49 p = 0.030). Nutritional status was not associated with dental caries, neither with genetic polymorphisms . Consumption of sweets between meals increased the prevalence of dental caries. In pre-adolescents, rs17492553 genetic polymorphism in TAS1R1 was associated with dental caries.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts’ evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors’ evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges’ evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

ABSTRACT: Dento-alveolar traumas are one of the most frequent injuries to teeth, mainly affecting the upper incisors due to their exposed position in the dental arch. In such cases, esthetics, function and phonetics of anterior teeth may be compromised. Furthermore, when there is involvement of the biological width, there is often a poor prognosis. This case report describes the multidisciplinary approach to tooth fragment re-attachment in a fracture with biological width violation. The patient presented with an oblique crown fracture in the maxillary right lateral incisor, extending from the buccal to palatal side, as well as a biological width invasion. The re-establishment of the biological width was obtained by periodontal surgery to achieve clinical-crown lengthening and tooth fragment re-attachment with a glass fiber post to increase retention. After 3 years of follow-up, the rehabilitated lateral incisor remains in good condition, with satisfactory esthetic and periodontal health.

Assessing fish consumption is complex and involves several factors; however, the use of questionnaires in surveys and the use of the Internet as tool to collect data have been considered promising approaches. Therefore, the objective of this research was to design a data collection technique using a questionnaire to assess fish consumption by making it available on a specific home page on the Internet. A bibliographical survey or review was carried out to identify the features of the instrument, and therefore pre-tests were conducted with previous instruments, followed by the Focus Group technique. Specialists then performed an analysis and conducted an online pre-test. Multivariate data analysis was applied using the SmartPLS software. The results indicate that 1.966 participants belonging to the University of São Paulo (USP) community participated in the test, and after the exclusion of some variables, a statistically significant results were obtained. The final constructs comprised consumption, quality, and general characteristics. The instrument consisted of behavioral statements in a 5-point Likert scale and multiple-choice questions. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.66 for general characteristics, 0.98 for quality, and 0.91 for consumption, which indicate good reliability of the instrument. In conclusion, the results proved that the Internet assessment is efficient. The instrument of analysis allowed us to better understand the process of buying and consuming fish in the country, and it can be used as base for further research.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida, entre os voluntários mais fisicamente ativos e os menos fisicamente ativos de uma comunidade universitária. A amostra foi formada por 1.966 voluntários entre estudantes e servidores de uma comunidade universitária do Brasil. Para a avaliação do nível de atividade física foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e para análise da percepção da qualidade de vida o WHOQOL-bref. Os participantes foram classificados em três grupos considerando o índice de equivalente metabólico (MET) ao longo de uma semana completa. A análise do nível de atividade física indicou, dentre os 1.966 avaliados, 51,5% ativos, 14% muito ativos, 21,3% insuficientemente ativo B; 4,7% insuficientemente ativo A e 5,8% sedentários. Os dados sugerem associação entre a prática da atividade física e percepção positiva da qualidade de vida nos aspectos do domínio físico que estão relacionados com a capacidade para o trabalho, energia para as atividades do dia a dia e locomoção.

This study aimed to check for any significant differences in perceived quality of life, specifically aspects of a physical nature, among volunteers who are more physically active and those less physically active in a university community. The sample consisted of 1,966 volunteers in a university community in Brazil. To assess physical activity levels, volunteers responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to analyse the perception of quality of life they responded to WHOQOL-bref, which is classified into three groups according to level of physical activity, taking into account the metabolic equivalent index (MET) over a full week. For comparison, consideration was given to the first and third tertiles, respectively, namely groups of more and less active students. The results indicated that individuals who engaged in more physical activity had a more positive perception of quality of life compared to those who were less active in physical aspects related to the ability to work, energy for day-to-day activities and locomotion.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la calidad de vida percibida por los voluntarios que son físicamente más activos y los menos activos en una comunidad universitaria. La muestra, constituida por 1.966 voluntarios, estaba formada por estudiantes y personal docente en una comunidad universitaria en Brasil. Para evaluar el nivel de actividad física, se utilizó Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), y para la percepción de la calidad de vida: WHOQOL-bref. Los participantes se clasificaron en tres grupos, según el nivel de actividad física, teniendo en cuenta índice equivalente metabólico (MET) durante una semana completa. El nivel de actividad física mostró que la muestra se clasificó como un 51,5% activo; un 14% muy activo; B un 21,3% insuficientemente activo; un 4,7% insuficientemente activo A y un 5,8% eran sedentarios. Las personas que participan en más actividades físicas tenían una percepción más positiva de la calidad de vida, en los aspectos físicos relacionados con la capacidad de trabajo, energía para las actividades del día a día y la locomoción, en comparación con aquellos que eran menos activos.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida, entre os voluntários mais fisicamente ativos e os menos fisicamente ativos de uma comunidade universitária. A amostra foi formada por 1.966 voluntários entre estudantes e servidores de uma comunidade universitária do Brasil. Para a avaliação do nível de atividade física foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e para análise da percepção da qualidade de vida o WHOQOL-bref. Os participantes foram classificados em três grupos considerando o índice de equivalente metabólico (MET) ao longo de uma semana completa. A análise do nível de atividade física indicou, dentre os 1.966 avaliados, 51,5% ativos, 14% muito ativos, 21,3% insuficientemente ativo B; 4,7% insuficientemente ativo A e 5,8% sedentários. Os dados sugerem associação entre a prática da atividade física e percepção positiva da qualidade de vida nos aspectos do domínio físico que estão relacionados com a capacidade para o trabalho, energia para as atividades do dia a dia e locomoção.

This study aimed to check for any significant differences in perceived quality of life, specifically aspects of a physical nature, among volunteers who are more physically active and those less physically active in a university community. The sample consisted of 1,966 volunteers in a university community in Brazil. To assess physical activity levels, volunteers responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to analyse the perception of quality of life they responded to WHOQOL-bref, which is classified into three groups according to level of physical activity, taking into account the metabolic equivalent index (MET) over a full week. For comparison, consideration was given to the first and third tertiles, respectively, namely groups of more and less active students. The results indicated that individuals who engaged in more physical activity had a more positive perception of quality of life compared to those who were less active in physical aspects related to the ability to work, energy for day-to-day activities and locomotion.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la calidad de vida percibida por los voluntarios que son físicamente más activos y los menos activos en una comunidad universitaria. La muestra, constituida por 1.966 voluntarios, estaba formada por estudiantes y personal docente en una comunidad universitaria en Brasil. Para evaluar el nivel de actividad física, se utilizó Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), y para la percepción de la calidad de vida: WHOQOL-bref. Los participantes se clasificaron en tres grupos, según el nivel de actividad física, teniendo en cuenta índice equivalente metabólico (MET) durante una semana completa. El nivel de actividad física mostró que la muestra se clasificó como un 51,5% activo; un 14% muy activo; B un 21,3% insuficientemente activo; un 4,7% insuficientemente activo A y un 5,8% eran sedentarios. Las personas que participan en más actividades físicas tenían una percepción más positiva de la calidad de vida, en los aspectos físicos relacionados con la capacidad de trabajo, energía para las actividades del día a día y la locomoción, en comparación con aquellos que eran menos activos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between the products' market price and attributes related to fish purchase and consumption within a university community in Brazil. A structured questionnaire consisting of a five-point Likert scale was used. It was previously tested and made available to the university community via the Internet. The sample comprised 1966 voluntaries including university students and faculty and staff members. A descriptive analysis of data was performed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The results showed that the majority of the respondents (56%) consume fish at home; some consume fish at restaurants (39%), and 5% at family or friends' houses, reinforcing the idea that variables such as culture and reference groups are fundamental determinants of purchase and consumption behavior. It was identified a significant (p < 0.001) and very strong correlation between the attributes price and nutritional value (r = 0.92); price and availability at the usual places of purchase (r = 0.92); price and packaging (r = 0.92); price and brand name (r = 0.91); and price and of the Federal Inspection stamp (r = 0.91) and a low positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the price variable and the initiative for fish traceability (r = 0.16). This study demonstrated that the price of fish is associated with the quality of the product and the attributes related to it such as packaging, nutritional value, and availability of the product in the market.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi utilizar-se da técnica de Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) para a adequação de instrumento de avaliação do consumo de pescado e as características envolvidas nesse processo. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante campanha de incentivo ao consumo de pescado no Brasil e contou com a participação de membros de uma comunidade universitária. Foi construído e utilizado um instrumento de avaliação composto por questões de múltipla escolha e em escala Likert de cinco pontos para avaliar a importância de determinados atributos no processo de aquisição e consumo de pescado. A amostra contou com a participação de 224 pessoas, sendo a sua maioria (65,6%) composta por mulheres. Quanto à frequência de consumo de pescado, 37,67% dos voluntários entrevistados responderam que consomem o produto de duas a três vezes ao mês e 29,6%, uma vez na semana. A AFE foi utilizada para agrupamento das variáveis, utilizou-se a extração pelos componentes principais e a rotação pelo método Quartimax. Os resultados demonstram agrupamento em dois constructos principais, qualidade e consumo, que apresentaram valores de 0,75 e 0,69, respectivamente, para o Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, indicando boa consistência interna.

The objective of this research was to use the technique of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the adequacy of a tool for the assessment of fish consumption and the characteristics involved in this process. Data were collected during a campaign to encourage fish consumption in Brazil with the voluntarily participation of members of a university community. An assessment instrument consisting of multiple-choice questions and a five-point Likert scale was designed and used to measure the importance of certain attributes that influence the choice and consumption of fish. This study sample was composed of of 224 individuals, the majority were women (65.6%). With regard to the frequency of fish consumption, 37.67% of the volunteers interviewed said they consume the product two or three times a month, and 29.6% once a week. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to group the variables; the extraction was made using the principal components and the rotation using the Quartimax method. The results show clusters in two main constructs, quality and consumption with Cronbach Alpha coefficients of 0.75 and 0.69, respectively, indicating good internal consistency.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade e a frequência do consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e o nível de atividade física em uma comunidade universitária brasileira. MÉTODOS: A amostra constitui-se de 303 voluntários (130 homens e 173 mulheres) pertencentes à comunidade universitária do interior de São Paulo e avaliada por meio da disponibilização pela Internet do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar do International Physical Activity Questionaire e por meio da coleta da descrição autorreferida do peso e da altura. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, análise de frequência alimentar e teste do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Foram observados inadequação dos hábitos alimentares, sobrepeso e obesidade na amostra estudada. As correlações entre os grupos alimentares apresentaram valores de magnitude maiores no grupo de mulheres que se alimentam de forma mais adequada do que os homens, mas não foram observadas diferenças entre os sexos no nível de atividade física. Não houve correlação significativa entre grupos de alimentos consumidos, índice de massa corporal e nível de atividade física em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: A comunidade universitária estudada apresentou baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, bem como consumo insuficiente de alimentos do grupo de cereais e leguminosas.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the food intake variability and frequency, nutritional status and level of physical activity of a university community in Brazil. METHODS: The sample comprised 303 volunteers (130 men and 173 women) from a university community in São Paulo state. They answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire online and reported their weight and height. Statistical treatment included descriptive analysis, analysis of food intake frequency (Dietsys) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Eating habits were inappropriate and many individuals were overweight or obese. There were more correlations among food groups for women who had better diets than men but the level of physical activity did not differ between the genders. There was no significant correlation between food groups and body mass index or level of physical activity for men or women. CONCLUSION: The study university community consumes little fruit, non-starchy vegetables, grains and legumes.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a atividade muscular dos músculos flexores e extensores de tronco entre estilos de nado assimétrico e nado simétrico. MÉTODO: Catorze nadadores da elite, velocistas e especialistas em um dos quatro estilos da natação sem história prévia de lesões.. Divididos em dois grupos de sete atletas: 1. Grupo nado assimétrico (GNA): constituído por cinco atletas que nadam o estilo crawl e dois atletas que nadam o estilo costas. 2. Grupo nado simétrico (GNS) formado por sete atletas: quatro atletas nadadores no estilo peito e três nadadores no estilo borboleta. Todos foram avaliados no dinamômetro isocinético Cybex 6000. RESULTADOS: O tempo de aceleração na velocidade de 120º/ s do grupo flexor do tronco foi maior no GNS (p=0,054). A potência do grupo extensor nas velocidades de 90 e 120º/ segundo foi maior no GNA que no GNS (p=0,053 e 0,052) respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística significante nas demais variáveis analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os nados assimétricos (crawl e costas) proporcionam uma resposta muscular (recrutamento) mais eficiente nos grupo dos flexores do tronco, possivelmente pela manutenção constante da contração isométrica dos músculos abdominais.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of asymmetric and symmetric swimming strokes on muscle activity of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles. METHODS: Fourteen elite speed swimmers, specialists in one of four swimming styles, all without any history of spinal cord injury, were divided in two groups: 1) asymmetric group, consisting of five athletes specializing in the freestyle stroke and three in the backstroke; and 2) symmetric group, consisting of four athletes specializing in the butterfly stroke and three in the breaststroke. All the swimmers were assessed using a Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The acceleration time for the trunk flexor group at a speed of 120º per second was greater in the symmetric group (p=0.054). The power of the extensor group at speeds of 90º and 120º per second were greater in the asymmetric than in symmetric group (p=0.053 and 0.052) respectively. There was no significant statistical difference for any of the other variables assessed. CONCLUSION: The asymmetric strokes (crawl and backstroke) provided a more efficient muscular response (recruitment) in the trunk flexor muscles, which may be due to the constant maintenance of isometric contraction of the abdominal muscles.