Um levantamento de espécies de mamíferos silvestres da região de Pedra Branca, município de Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, depositado na coleção do Museu Nacional, é apresentado. Esse material foi reunido na década de 1940 e inclui trinta e três espécies: seis marsupiais, dois xenartros, quatro primatas, quatro carnívoros, dois artiodáctilos e quinze roedores.

A survey of wild mammals species from the region of Pedra Branca, municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, housed in Museu Nacional collection, is presented. This material was assembled during the 1940's, and include thirty-three species: six opossums, two xenarthrans, four primates, four carnivores, two artiodactyls and fifteen rodents.

A study on lhe geographical distribution of Callistomys pictus (Pictet, 1843) based on specimens conserved in museums, bibliography informations, and field observations is presented. The species is endemic to the Atlantic forest of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The destruction of the forests for pasture represents a serious threat to the survival of C. pictus and other species in southern Bahia.

The analysis of field notes of specimens conserved in museums, specimens labels, informations from bibliography and field observations by the author permited the identification of two áreas (Teresópolis and Serra da Bocaina, in the Serra do Mar, states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, respectivelly) where specimens of Phaenomys ferrugineus (Thomas, 1894) have been collected in the past. The species is endemic to South Eastern Brazil and has not been collected for more than fifty years.