Resumen La artrosis es una condición de distribución mundial y su prevalencia aumenta con la edad. A fines del 2015 estaban afectados 27 millones solo en los Estados Unidos. El objetivo de la investigación es: la Prevalencia de Artrosis Radiológica en pacientes que acudieron a la Facultad de Ciencias Tecnológicas de la Salud (F.C.T.S.), la gestión 2016 en Sucre. Realizando la retrospección, observación, descripción, detectándose, con la escala Kellgren y Lawrence, para determinar la prevalencia de Artrosis Radiológica. Acudieron a la (F.C.T.S.) 2385 pacientes a tomarse radiografías, en las que se procedió a crear una matriz de datos con las variables. La prevalencia global de artrosis es del 47%, siendo el femenino el más afectado 63%, masculino 37%, las articulaciones más afectadas son la Columna 39%, rodillas 37%, manos 15%, caderas 9%. El Porcentaje de artrosis por regiones anatómicas; Rodillas 76.4%, Columna 38.5%, Caderas 36.2%, manos 37,3 %. Llegando a la conclusión con un diagnóstico radiológico real, no clínico se evidencio la presencia de osteoartrosis, general, por sexo, y por región anatómica, destacándose el de la rodilla, de 263 radiografías examinadas, 201 están con artrosis, representando 76.4%. Porcentaje más alto comparado con el de la OMS, que es del 10% para la rodilla.

Abstract Arthrosis is a condition of worldwide distribution and its prevalence increases with age. At the end of 2015, 27 million were affected only in the United States. The objective of the research is: the Prevalence of Radiological Arthrosis in patients who attended the Faculty of Technological Sciences of Health (F.C.T.S.), in the year 2016, in Sucre. Performing retrospection, observation, description, detecting with the Kellgren and Lawrence scale, to determine the prevalence of Radiological Arthrosis. The (F.C.T.S.) 2385 patients wentto take x-rays, in which data matrix were created with variables. The global prevalence of osteoarthritis is 47%, being the female the most affected with 63%, male with 37%, the most affected joints are: Column 39%, knees 37%, hands15%, hips 9%. The Percentage of arthrosis by anatomical regions: Knees 76.4%, Column 38.5%, Hips 36.2%, hands 37.3%. Concluding that, with a real, non-clinical radiological diagnosis, the presence of, general, by sex, and anatomical region arthrosis was evidenced, highlighting the knee, of 263 radiographs examined, 201 are with arthrosis, representing the 76.4%. A higher percentage compared to the WHO, which is 10% for the knee.

El cálculo de los salarios mínimos, en los países de la región, se la hace considerando diferentes criterios como: Inflación, costo de una canasta básica, situación socioeconómica familiar, empleo, productividad, poder de compra, tipo de trabajo, productividad, ingresos de empresas, entre otros. Así también, la canasta de consumo tiene muchas aplicaciones como: Definición de líneas de pobreza, cálculo de renta mínima-subsistencia, revisión de salario mínimo, cálculo de necesidades alimentarias, vigilancia de precios de alimentos básicos. Los escasos trabajos que analizan la cuestión de la Canasta de Consumo y el Salario Mínimo lo hacen generalmente en el marco de estudios sobre pobreza y desigualdad. En el caso del presente estudio, la construcción y medición de la canasta de consumo (a través del método del costo de las necesidades básicas), implicó determinar su estructura considerando productos de la canasta alimentaria, de limpieza, para vestimenta, servicios generales, de educación y salud. Se procedió a determinar las cantidades estimadas promedio de compra de los diferentes productos y montos promedio erogados mensualmente por los diferentes servicios. Esto fue valorado con los precios del Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC), correspondiente al promedio de enero a septiembre de la gestión 2017.

The calculation of minimum wages in the countries of the region is done by considering different criteria such as: Inflation, cost of a basic basket, family socioeconomic situation, employment, productivity, purchasing power, type of work, productivity, income from companies, among others. Likewise, the consumer basket has many applications such as: Definition of poverty lines, calculation of minimum income-subsistence, minimum wage revision, calculation of food needs, monitoring of basic food prices. The few works that analyze the issue of the Consumer Basket and the Minimum Wage generally do so within the framework of studies on poverty and inequality. In the case of the present study, the construction and measurement of the consumption basket (through the basic needs cost method), involved determining its structure considering food basket products, cleaning products, clothing, general services, education and health. We proceeded to determine the average estimated purchase quantities of the different products and average amounts paid monthly by the different services. This was valued with the prices of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), corresponding to the average from January to Septemberof the 2017.

The aim of this paper is to report the epidemiological, clinical and diagnosis findings of pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage observed in patients with leptospirosis in the period January 2007 to October 2009. A 64% (20/31) of patients diagnosed with leptospirosis presented pneumonia. Fifteen of them (75%) had severe pneumonia, of which seven (35%) were pulmonary hemorrhage. In ten patients (32%) reason for consultation and clinical early stage was a secretory gastroenteritis with fever and abdominal pain. Jaundice was only expressed in eleven patients (35%). The technique of chain reaction (PCR) was useful for diagnosis in samples obtained post mortem. A strain classified in serogroup canicola was isolated from blood culture. Pneumonia was classified into three types: non-severe pneumonia course with little overall impact; severe pneumonia associated with systemic clinical forms with jaundice, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary hemorrhage, and of serious course, not associated with jaundice, kidney failure or thrombocytopenia. Antibiotic treatment started in the early stages of disease (average 3.2 days) had no influence on the development of severe pneumonia. It is puggested to consider three clinical forms of leptospirosis: anicteric, icteric (with its evolutionary variants) and pulmonary hemorrhage.

El objetivo del trabajo es comunicar los hallazgos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico de la neumonía y hemorragia pulmonar por leptospirosis, en el período enero 2007 a octubre 2009. Un 64% (20/31) de pacientes con diagnóstico de leptospirosis tuvieron neumonía. Quince de ellos (75%) presentaron neumonía grave, de los cuales siete (35%) desarrollaron hemorragia pulmonar. En diez enfermos (32%) el motivo de consulta e inicio del cuadro clínico fue una gastroenteritis secretoria con fiebre y dolor abdominal. La ictericia sólo se manifestó en once pacientes (35%). La técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) fue útil para el diagnóstico en muestra obtenida post mortem. De un hemocultivo se aisló una cepa clasificada dentro del serogrupo canicola. Se clasificaron las neumonías en tres tipos: neumonías de curso no grave con escasa repercusión general; neumonías graves asociadas a formas clínicas sistémicas con ictericia, insuficiencia renal, trombocitopenia y hemorragia pulmonar; también de curso grave, no asociada a ictericia, insuficiencia renal o trombocitopenia grave. El tratamiento antibiótico iniciado en los primeros días de enfermedad (promedio 3.2 días) no tuvo influencia en la evolución de las neumonías graves. Se plantea además considerar tres formas clínicas de leptospirosis: anictérica, ictérica (con sus variantes evolutivas) y hemorragia pulmonar.

O processo denominado "Friction Stir Welding" (FSW) é um método de soldagem desenvolvido pelo "The Welding Institute" (TWI) na Inglaterra em 1991. O equipamento de soldagem consiste de uma ferramenta que gira e avança ao longo da interface entre duas chapas fixas. A junção é produzida pelo calor gerado por fricção o qual causa o amolecimento de ambos os componentes atingindo uma condição visco-plástica e também pelo escoamento resultante entre as laminas a ser unidas. A modelagem numérica do processo pode fornecer uma predição real das principais variáveis do processo, reduzindo o número de testes experimentais, acelerando, portanto os processos de projeto ao mesmo tempo em que reduz custos e permite a otimização das variáveis tecnológicas envolvidas. Neste trabalho, o processo de soldagem por fricção é modelado empregando um programa de propósito geral baseado no método dos elementos finitos, procurando reproduzir a distribuição térmica e o correspondente escoamento de massa. Os resultados numéricos térmicos são comparados com distribuições termográficas experimentais e os resultados numéricos de escoamento de massa são comparados com aqueles obtidos a partir de técnicas experimentais de visualização, atingindo uma concordância aceitável.

The process of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a welding method developed by the "The Welding Institute" (TWI) of England in 1991. The welding equipment consists of a tool that rotates and progresses along the joint of two restrained sheets. The joint is produced by frictional heating which causes the softening of both components into a viscous-plastic condition and also by the resultant flow between the sheets to be joined. Numerical Modeling of the process can provide realistic prediction of the main variables of the process, reducing the number of experimental tests, thus accelerating the design processes while reducing costs and optimizing the involved technological variables. In this study the friction stir welding process is modeled using a general purpose finite element based program, reproducing the material thermal map and the corresponding mass flow. Numerical thermal results are compared against experimental thermographic maps and numerical material flow results are compared with material flow visualization techniques, with acceptable concordance.

The present work is aimed to simulate the Friction Stir Welding process as a three-dimensional thermally coupled viscoplastic flow. A Finite Element technique is employed, within the context of a general purpose FEM framework, to provide the temperature distributions and the patterns of plastic flow for the material involved in the welded joints. The computational tool presented here may be of great relevance for technologist seeking to set the process control variables, as they are intended to obtain suitable material properties that yield the adequate on service response of the structural components.