ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of the co-feeding (C) period on the growth and survival of larvae of the yo-yo loach Botia lohachata ornamental species during the weaning period from live food (LF) to inert food (IF). The breeders were subjected to induced spawning using crude pituitary homogenate. A total of 2,400 larvae were used with an average initial weight of 0.39 ± 0.09 mg and an average total length of 4.08 ± 0.21 mm, from a single breeding pair. The live food was newly hatched nauplii of Artemia franciscana, and the inert diet was a commercial ration with 55% crude protein and two particle sizes (142-350 µm and 350-500 µm). As the first food, all larvae received A. franciscana during the first six days, except for the fasting (NC) and inert food (IF) groups. The following co-feeding strategies were employed: C4 = 4 days of co-feeding, C8 = 8 days of co-feeding, C12 = 12 days of co-feeding, and LF = Artemia during the entire experimental period. The longest period with live food promoted better larval growth rates. The specific growth rate of larvae fed live food during the entire period (LF) was higher than that of the other groups, followed by the co-feeding strategies. There was no effect (P > 0.01) on larval survival in the LF, C12, C8, and C4 groups, which ranged from 41% to 53% after 30 days. Treatment R resulted in high mortality and low growth, suggesting that live food should be the first food source for B. lohachata larvae.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do período de co-alimentação (C) no crescimento e sobrevivência de larvas da espécie ornamental Botia lohachata durante o período de desmame de alimento vivo (LF) para alimento inerte (IF). Os reprodutores foram submetidos à desova induzida com homogeneizado de hipófise. Foram utilizadas 2.400 larvas com peso inicial médio de 0,39 ± 0,09 mg e comprimento total médio de 4,08 ± 0,21 mm, de um único casal reprodutor. O alimento vivo foi náuplios recém-eclodidos de Artemia franciscana, e a dieta inerte foi uma ração comercial com 55% de proteína bruta e dois tamanhos de partículas (142-350 µm e 350-500 µm). Como primeiro alimento, todas as larvas receberam A. franciscana durante os primeiros seis dias, exceto os grupos jejum (NC) e alimento inerte (IF). As seguintes estratégias de co-alimentação foram empregadas: C4 = 4 dias de co-alimentação, C8 = 8 dias de co-alimentação, C12 = 12 dias de co-alimentação e LF = Artemia durante todo o período experimental. O maior período com alimento vivo promoveu melhores taxas de crescimento larval. A taxa de crescimento específico das larvas alimentadas com ração viva durante todo o período (LF) foi maior que a dos demais grupos, seguida das estratégias de co-alimentação. Não houve efeito (P > 0,01) na sobrevivência larval nos grupos LF, C12, C8 e C4, que variou de 41% a 53% após 30 dias. O tratamento IN resultou em alta mortalidade e baixo crescimento, sugerindo que o alimento vivo deve ser a primeira fonte de alimento para as larvas de B. lohachata.

Abstract 24-year-old man with positive HIV, with a giant exofitic anal condyloma, with a clinical presentation of a painfull suppurative anal condyloma with a pathology report of an in situ squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of the investigation is a case report and the procedure was observational. The finding was a Buschke-Lowenstein tumor.

Resumen Varón de 24 años, con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, que presenta una tumoración exofítica, dolorosa y supurativa, con reporte positivo de virus de papiloma humano y reporte histopatológico de carcinoma espinocelular sin evidencia de diseminación (in situ). El propósito de la investigación es un reporte de caso y el procedimientos fue observacional. El hallazgo fue un tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein.

One of the greatest challenges faced by agriculture is the use of agrochemicals and the balance between food production and environmental problems associated with the excessive use of these substances. To overcome this issue, pheromones have been used to trap pests that harm crops. This work reports the use of a layered monocarboxylate, manganese laurate (MnL2), as adsorbing matrix for undecan-2-one (methyl nonyl ketone (MNK)), one of the components of the pheromone of the insect Lobiopa insularis, which is a pest in the strawberry cultivar. The manganese laurate was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and was later characterized using X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterization techniques showed that MNK was adsorbed in the manganese laurate structure in a range of 0.08 to 1.13 mg g-1, and this interaction was investigated in a factorial design experiment, in which the variables temperature, time of contact, and matrix:MNK ratio were investigated. A negative effect of increasing temperatures was observed and attributed to substrate volatilization. The adsorption was favored in increasing molar ratios and times of contact, and ideal conditions for the adsorption could be found, indicating that manganese laurate could be applied in controlled-release tests.

Resumen El ácido salicílico y Azospirillum brasilense estimulan el crecimiento y la productividad de las plantas y, en algunos entornos, las respuestas fisiológicas de las plantas a la apli cación de ambos productos bioactivos parecen ser similares. Con el objetivo de estudiar su efecto fisiológico en el crecimiento y la producción de granos de plantas de maíz se diseñó un experimento de campo. Los tratamientos consistieron en embeber las semillas en una solución acuosa de SA (0,01 mM) e inocularlas con A. brasilense y un tratamiento control. La imbibición de las semillas en SA y la inoculación con A. brasilense mejoraron el crecimiento vegetativo en las primeras etapas de la ontogenia del cultivo, aumentando el crecimiento foliar, la altura de la planta, el diámetro del tallo y la acumulación de biomasa. La longitud y el peso de las espigas fueron mayores en las plantas inoculadas con A. brasilense y tratadas con SA, en ese orden. Los resultados indicaron que el SA estimuló la acumulación de biomasa hacia las hojas, la raíz y el tallo, mientras que A. brasilense tuvo más influencia en el crecimiento de las hojas, la altura de la planta, las dimensiones de la mazorca y el rendimiento del grano. Tales resultados son relevantes para el diseño de estrategias de fertilización biológica con la respectiva reducción de la carga contaminante que acompaña a los fertilizantes químicos. Ambos productos pueden formar parte de las prácticas agronómicas del cultivo de maíz por sus ventajas económicas competitivas y por ser ambientalmente sostenibles.

Abstract Salicylic acid and Azospirillum brasilense stimulate plant growth and productivity. In some environments, plant physiology similarly responds to both bioactive products. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted to study the physiological effect of Salicilic acid and A. brasilense on growth and grain yield of maize plants. The experiment involved three treatments consisting of imbibed seeds in an aqueous solution of SA (0.01 mM), inoculated seeds with A. brasilense and a control treatment. Seed imbibition in SA and inoculation with A. brasilense improved vegetative growth in the early stages of crop ontogeny, increasing leaf growth, plant height, stem diameter and biomass accumulation. Spikelet length and weight were greater in plants first inoculated with A. brasilense and then treated with SA. Results indicated that SA stimulated biomass partitioning towards leaves, root and stem, while A. brasilense mainly affected leaf growth, plant height, ear dimensions and grain yield. Such results turn crucial for biological fertilization strategies aimed at reducing pollutant loads that accompany chemical fertilizers. Both products can be part of maize management practices given competitive economic advantages and sustainability.

ABSTRACT Height-diameter models are fundamental for the inventory of timber, biomass and carbon. Located in the central region of Mexico, Abies religiosa is a conifer with high timber value that lacks models to estimate its height as a function of diameter. The objective of this study was to determine a local height-diameter model for A. religiosa trees under a mixed-effects model approach in the region of Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, Mexico. The first step consisted in evaluating the quality of fit of three growth models and one power model. We used height-diameter data of 1,539 trees measured in 197 circular plots of 1,000 m2. The selected model was the Weibull, which was adjusted in a second step under the mixed-effects modelling approach. Our results showed that the most accurate predictive capacity was obtained when using the sub-basin covariate as a clustering factor and the random effect in the parameter corresponding to the asymptote. Under this approach, the goodness of fit of the model was superior to the traditional one adjusted by nonlinear least square. Comparatively the gains in fit statistics R2, RSME and AIC were of 12.19 %, 47.99 % and 8.46 %, respectively. The proposed model is robust, reliable, and biologically coherent for its operational application in the forest management of A. religiosa in the study region.

RESUMEN Los modelos de altura - diámetro son una pieza fundamental para realizar inventarios maderables, de biomasa y carbono. En la región central de México, Abies religiosa es una conífera de gran importancia comercial maderable la cual carece de modelos que estimen la altura en función del diámetro. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar un modelo local altura-diámetro para árboles de A. religiosa bajo el enfoque de modelos con efectos mixtos en la región de Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, México. En la primera fase se evaluó la calidad de ajuste de tres modelos de crecimiento y un modelo potencial. Se utilizaron 1.539 pares de datos de altura-diámetro de árboles medidos en 197 sitios circulares de muestreo de 1.000 m2. El mejor modelo fue el de Weibull, mismo que en una segunda fase se ajustó mediante la técnica de modelos de efectos mixtos; en este caso, la mejor capacidad predictiva se obtuvo cuando se utilizó la covariable subcuenca como factor de agrupación y se incluyó un efecto aleatorio en el parámetro correspondiente a la asíntota. Bajo este enfoque el ajuste fue superior al ajuste tradicional por cuadrados mínimos no lineales. Comparativamente las ganancias en los estadísticos de ajuste R2, RCME y AIC fueron de 12,19 %, 47,99 % y 8,46 %, respectivamente. El modelo propuesto es robusto, confiable y biológicamente coherente para su aplicación operativa en la gestión forestal de las diferentes condiciones en que A. religiosa se desarrolla en la región de estudio.

Abstract: This study presents the validation and optimization of an audiometry simulator for phonoaudiology students (SAEF v.1), which is a software designed to develop procedural audiometry skills. Student learning autonomy to conduct this exam is challenging due to the high equipment costs, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Users and experts validate the simulator and determine the information technology acceptance, the correct procedure of the audiometric exam emulated by the simulator, the feedback granted, the compliance with learning outcomes, among others. As a result, users showed high acceptability of the software and highlighted that its creation complies with the standards of emulation of the audiometry procedure according to international standard. It is concluded that the new SAEF v.2 provides functional and interface improvements to deliver a greater similarity between the simulated and the real instrument.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta la validación y optimización del simulador de audiometría para estudiantes de fonoaudiología (SAEF v.1), software diseñado para desarrollar habilidades procedimentales de audiometría. El aprendizaje de este examen y la autonomía de los estudiantes se ve limitada por el alto costo de los equipos utilizados, más aún en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó la validación por parte de usuarios y expertos del área, quienes determinaron la aceptación de la tecnología de la información, el correcto procedimiento del examen audiométrico emulado por el simulador, la retroalimentación otorgada y el cumplimiento de resultados de aprendizaje. Como resultado, los usuarios han valorado con una importante aceptabilidad el uso de este software, destacando, además, que su creación cumple con los estándares de emulación de procedimiento de audiometría según norma internacional. Se concluye que la nueva versión SAEF v.2 proporciona mejora funcionales y de interfaz para entregar mayor similitud respecto al instrumento real.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fish’s development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

Resumen La exenteración orbitaria es un procedimiento quirúrgico desfigurante que consiste en la resección de todo el contenido orbitario. Se utiliza principalmente en patologías malignas con invasión a contenido orbitario. El carcinoma epidermoide es la 2.ª causa de carcinoma periorbitario, hasta el 21% de los pacientes llegan a presentar metástasis. Paciente de sexo masculino de 64 años, con carcinoma epidermoide recidivante, invasión a músculos extraoculares, globo ocular y tejido óseo orbitario, sometido a exenteración orbitaria + colgajo temporoparietal e injerto de piel. Los cánceres cutáneos de cabeza y cuello se encuentran dentro las patologías con más alta tasa de morbimortalidad cuando no son atendidos a tiempo.

Abstract Orbital exenteration is a disfiguring surgical procedure, which consists in the resection of the entire orbital content. It is mainly used in malignant pathologies with invasion of the orbital content. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second cause of periorbital carcinoma, up to 21% of patients present metastasis. A 64-year-old male, with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of extraocular muscles, eyeball, and orbital bone tissue, who underwent orbital exenteration + temporoparietal flap and skin graft. Cutaneous cancers of the head and neck are among the pathologies with the highest morbi-mortality rate when they are not treated in time.

Abstract Background Crop tolerance to herbicides and the effectiveness of weed control are key considerations of a chemical management program. Crop tolerance levels and the mechanism involved is of great importance in ensuring the safe use of an herbicide. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of mefenpyr-diethyl as a safener and metabolic inhibitor (organophosphorus insecticides) on the penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars. Methods We determined the relative tolerance (%) of URS Guará and URS Guria white oat cultivars to different doses of penoxsulam with and without prior application of organophosphorus metabolic inhibitors (malathion + chlorpyrifos). We then determined the relative tolerance (%) of the white oat cultivar URS Guria with and without prior application of a protective metabolization stimulator (mefenpyr-diethyl). Results Increased penoxsulam doses resulted in lower relative tolerance of both cultivars. The application of organophosphorus insecticides reduced the penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars, with a 14.4 and 4.8 fold reduction of C50 in the URS Guará and URS Guria cultivars, respectively. The use of mefenpyr-diethyl increased the penoxsulam tolerance of URS Guria by a factor of 2.62. Conclusions The penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars was reduced by organophosphorus insecticides and increased by mefenpyr-diethyl. Metabolization is the likely mechanism of tolerance of white oats to this herbicide.

ABSTRACT Background: The biodiversity of the Peruvian Amazon tropical forests is one of the most expressive in the world, with 2500 forest species, although restricted to about 250 tree species used commercially. This species diversity indicates the challenge magnitude for research in taxonomy and timber species identification. Likewise, it implies the complexity of biodiversity conservation and restoration measures, which are directly related to the control of deforestation, cutting and transport of illegal wood. With this objective, the present study describes the macroscopic wood anatomical features in order to identify 20 tree species from Peruvian Amazon Forest, “Selva Central”, including an identification key and tree species botanical validation. Results: The wood species are included in 12 families commonly found in the tropical forests of Peru, highlighting the Fabaceae (25%), Moraceae (15%), Podocarpaceae and Lauraceae (10%) families and are sold as timber for several uses and applications in the internal market and for export. The wood species presented common anatomical features, such as diffuse porosity, visible axial parenchyma mainly distinct, and, eventually, with ray storied, e. g: A. cearensis, M. balsamum and M. peruiferum. Conclusion: The tropical tree species identification is possible by analyzing their wood macroscopic anatomical structure. The results can be also applied in the wood trade traceability by controlling deforestation and illegal wood commerce and in proposing policies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. They constitute, likewise, a database for the recent wood identification methodologies presented in the specialized literature.

Resumen . La “Mariposa Búho de Banda Dividida” Opsiphanes cassina Felder & Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) comprende 12 subespecies que ocurren a través de América Central y en el norte y oeste de América del Sur. En este trabajo se identificó a O. cassina fabricii (Boisduval) alimentándose de “palma Navidad” Adonidia merrillii Becc. (Becc.) (Arecales: Arecaceae) en los jardines de una unidad habitacional del estado de Tabasco, México. La identificación se basó en los caracteres de las alas y en la morfología de la genitalia de machos y hembras. Este es el primer registro de O. cassina fabricii alimentándose de foliolos de A. merrilli, lo que amplía el rango de plantas hospedantes de este insecto. Además, se discuten algunos aspectos biológicos y los daños que esta especie causa a la “palma Navidad”.

Abstract The “Split-banded Owlet-Butterfly” Opsiphanes cassina Felder & Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) comprises 12 subspecies occurring throughout Central America and in northern and western South America. In this work, O. cassina fabricii (Boisduval) was identified feeding on “Christmas palm” Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc. (Arecales: Arecaceae) in the gardens of a housing unit in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Identification was based on wing characters and genitalia morphology of males and females. This is the first record of O. cassina fabricii feeding on A. merrillii leaflets, which broadens the host plant range of this insect. In addition, some biological aspects and the damage caused by this species to “Christmas palm” are discussed.

Abstract: With the advent of the historiographical turn towards total history and, subsequently, the emergence of cultural history, the history of education has undergone a Copernican turn that has been made explicit in the lines of work developed over the last few decades. In this paper, we propose to learn about the lines of work developed in this disciplinary field - framed within qualitative research in the educational context - through a case study: the research group Claves históricas y comparadas de la Educación. Gender and identities. The study proposes a bibliographical review that aims to synthesise these lines of work. To this end, a systematised search of information in international databases - Google Scholar and Scopus- and national databases -Dialnet and InDice- has been used. The main lines of work that have emerged in recent decades -such as the history of the curriculum, professional careers, pedagogical models or educational practice- have been identified by embracing multiple primary sources typical of this historiographical turn. Likewise, the historical-educational heritage, the gender perspective and the didactics of the history of education in the university environment have been differentiated as complementary lines. In general terms, we can affirm that in the context studied there is a clear reception of the historiographical trends promoted during the nineties of the last century, centred on the use of sources specific to school culture. Likewise, new lines of work can be glimpsed which partially abound in them, and open new horizons towards the study of teaching bodies such as educational inspection, the extension of the cartography of purification or the investigation of gender identities.

Resumen: Con el advenimiento del giro historiográfico hacia la historia total y, posteriormente, el surgimiento de la historia cultural, la historia de la educación ha vivido un giro copernicano que se ha explicitado en las líneas de trabajo desarrolladas durante las últimas décadas. En el presente trabajo, nos proponemos conocer las líneas de trabajo desarrolladas en este ámbito disciplinar -enmarcado dentro de la investigación cualitativa en el contexto educativo- a través de un estudio de caso: el grupo de investigación Claves históricas y comparadas de la Educación. Género e identidades. El estudio plantea una revisión bibliográfica que aspira a sintetizar dichas líneas de trabajo. Para ello, se ha empleado una búsqueda sistematizada de información en bases de datos internacionales -Google Scholar y Scopus- y nacionales -Dialnet e InDice-. Las principales líneas de trabajo surgidas durante las últimas décadas -tales como la historia del currículum, las trayectorias profesionales, los modelos pedagógicos o la práctica educativa- abrazando para ello múltiples fuentes primarias propias de este giro historiográfico. Asimismo, se han diferenciado como líneas complementarias el patrimonio histórico-educativo, la perspectiva de género y la didáctica de la historia de la educación en el ámbito universitario. En líneas generales, podemos afirmar que en el contexto estudiado se puede apreciar una clara recepción de las tendencias historiográficas auspiciadas durante los años noventa del pasado siglo, centradas en el empleo de fuentes propias de la cultura escolar. Asimismo, se vislumbran nuevas líneas de trabajo que abundan parcialmente en ellas, y abren nuevos horizontes hacia el estudio de cuerpos docentes como la inspección educativa, la ampliación de la cartografía de la depuración o la indagación sobre las identidades de género.

SUMMARY The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has optimized the care of the affected patients. Several international working groups have tried to clarify and standardize the global use of MRI but, on many occasions, data are extrapolated from other regions, do not contemplate local realities or are difficult to implement. Objective: To reach a consensus on aspects related to the use of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with MS in Peru. Material and Methods: A group of Peruvian experts (neurologists and radiologists) worked on the elaboration of the consensus using a remote survey round methodology. Results: The recommendations, established on the basis of published evidence and on the experts’ criteria, focused on the role of both, the conventional MRI techniques and the measurement of brain atrophy in MS patients both at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up period Conclusions: The consensual recommendations could potentially assist in the standardization and optimization of the care and follow-up of patients with MS in our country.

RESUMEN El uso de la resonancia magnética (RM) en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) ha optimizado el cuidado de los pacientes afectados. Diversos grupos internacionales de trabajo han intentado clarificar y normatizar el uso global de la RM pero, en muchas ocasiones, se extrapolan datos de otras regiones que no contemplan la realidad de cada lugar o son difíciles de implementar. Objetivo: Consensuar aspectos relacionados con el uso de RM en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con EM en el Perú. Material y Métodos: Un grupo de expertos peruanos, conformado por neurólogos y radiólogos, condujo la elaboración del consenso mediante metodología de ronda de encuestas a la distancia. Resultados: Las recomendaciones, basadas en la evidencia publicada y en el criterio de los expertos, enfocaron tanto el rol de las técnicas convencionales de RM como el de la medición de la atrofia cerebral en pacientes con EM al momento del diagnóstico y durante el periodo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones del consenso podrán potencialmente homogenizar y optimizar el cuidado y seguimiento de pacientes con EM en nuestro país.

ABSTRACT The elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is one of the species with great prominence for energy production because of its favorable traits, such as high yield and short cycle, combined with several biomass quality characteristics. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the morpho-agronomic traits of eight elephant grass genotypes under different cutting ages. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied to the experiment, and plots were composed of a 12 m long line divided into six subplots for each of the bimonthly cuts. Eight genotypes were evaluated in the plots, and the cutting ages (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12-mo) were analyzed in the subplots. The following traits were assessed: DM yield, (DMY) percentage of DM, and average plant height (HEI). All genetic-statistical analyses were conducted using the Genes Program. The evaluated genotypes showed nonsignificant differences, indicating that, for the evaluated traits, these genotypes are genetically similar. Most genotypes presented linear effect of 2nd degree in the two assessment cuts, pointing they did not reach their maximum capacity of DMY in the time interval of the evaluated cuts. The maximum %DM achieved for the most genotypes occurred at about 9-mo age, while genotypes Vruckwona and BAG-86 at about 10-mo age. The maximum points for HEI trait were between 8 and 10-mo age. Increasing the cutting interval leads to increases in DM yield, with the 10-mo cutting age being the most efficient, resulting in higher yields.

Abstract Background The limited number of selective herbicides for white oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivation makes it managing weeds a challenge. Currently, few herbicide options are available for selective weed control in winter crops. Previous studies have indicated that ALS-inhibiting herbicides could be potential alternatives, so studies were conducted. Objective To characterize the tolerance level of white oat cultivars to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and to evaluate the level of weed control by applying penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium. Methods Tolerance (%) was determined for white oat cultivars UFRGS 14, URS Guará, URS Guria, UFRGS 18, and URS Taura for imazethapyr, iodosulfuron, penoxsulam, and bispyribac-sodium dose-response. Also, the control efficiency of different doses of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium was determined on weed species of white oat, namely crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis), siberian motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Results Imazethapyr and bispyribac-sodium were the least selective herbicides, whereas iodosulfuron had intermediate selectivity, and penoxsulam was the most selective for the white oat cultivars tested, with average control of 100, 72, 62.7 and 40%, respectively. Overall, bispyribac-sodium had a higher level of weed control (77.1%) than penoxsulam (62%). Label doses of penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium resulted in low control levels of crabgrass. Conclusions All doses of bispyribac-sodium effectively control wild radish and italian ryegrass. The recommended dose of penoxsulam was selective for some cultivars of white oat and effectively controlled italian ryegrass and wild radish.