Among several themes present in the Brazilian education curriculum, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Environmental Education (EE) are focused in this article, as they are themes of profound relevance to contemporary society, which make them essential for appropriation by teachers. Thus, the aim of this article is to present results of documental research regarding the presence and conceptions that underlie initial teacher education syllabus. For this, two pedagogical projects of teacher education in Biological Sciences from public institutions in the State of Goiás were selected. Guided by historical-dialectical materialism, it was possible to see, in both documents, the concern to meet the requirements of national legislation regarding the two themes, in addition to the forecast of interdisciplinary projects regarding EE and the association of the quality of the educational process with the technical use of ICT, regardless of the pedagogical orientation. There was also a lack of clarity regarding the implementation of the cross-cutting and interdisciplinary approaches that were cited, and a result that is in line with previous research with a mostly instrumental design.

Entre varios temas presentes en el currículo educativo brasileño, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y la Educación Ambiental (EA) se centran en este artículo, ya que son temas de profunda relevancia para la sociedad contemporánea, que los hacen imprescindibles para la apropiación por parte de los docentes. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación documental sobre la presencia y concepciones que subyacen a los currículos de formación inicial docente. Para ello, se seleccionaron dos proyectos pedagógicos para educación del profesorado en Ciencias Biológicas de instituciones públicas del Estado de Goiás. Guiados por el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, se pudo ver, en ambos documentos, la preocupación por cumplir con los requisitos de la legislación nacional en materia de los dos temas, además de la previsión de proyectos interdisciplinarios en materia de EA y la asociación de la calidad del proceso educativo con el uso técnico de las TIC, independientemente de la orientación pedagógica. También hubo falta de claridad en la implementación de los enfoques transversales e interdisciplinarios que fueron citados, resultado que está en línea con investigaciones previas con un diseño mayoritariamente instrumental.

Dentre diversos temas presentes no currículo da educação brasileira, são focalizados neste artigo as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e a Educação Ambiental (EA), devido serem temas de profunda relevância para a sociedade contemporânea, o que os tornam de imprescindível apropriação pelos professores. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisa documental a respeito da presença e das concepções que fundamentam os currículos de formação inicial de professores. Para isso, foram selecionados dois projetos pedagógicos de cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de instituições públicas do Estado de Goiás. Orientados pelo materialismo histórico-dialético, foi possível perceber, em ambos os documentos, a preocupação em atender as exigências das legislações nacionais quanto aos dois temas, além da previsão de projetos interdisciplinares quanto à EA e a associação da qualidade do processo educativo ao uso técnico de TIC, independentemente da orientação pedagógica. Também identificou-se falta de clareza a respeito da implementação das abordagens transversal e interdisciplinar muito citadas e resultado consonante com as pesquisas anteriores de concepção, majoritariamente, instrumental.

Abstract The aim of this research was compare methods for pigments extraction and color determination in different tomato for processing cultivars, and choose the most promising materials for the industry. The tomatoes for processing studied were of the IT761, H9992, H9553, AP533, Advance, N901, BRSena, U2006, HY26, HY37 and HY68 cultivars. The extraction yields of lycopene and β-carotene using acetone and the mixture of ethanol, acetone and hexane (10:10:20) were determined, and the parameters of color were determined by colorimetric and digitals image methods (Cielab and Hunterlab), besides other physicochemical characteristics. The mixture of solvents is more efficient in the extraction of lycopene and β-carotene than acetone on its own. The methods of assessing the color through image presented higher levels of luminosity and chrome a* and b* than the instrumental method, given that the Hunterlab is closer to the colorimeter method, than Cielab. The analysis through digital images indicates that the procedure is promising, and it can be used as a instrument for analysing tomato colors. Considering that the level of TSS is fundamental to industrial performance, the IT761, BRSena, AP543, and H9992 cultivars stand out, moreover these cultivars have higher levels of lycopene and darker red color.

Abstract The effect of the anatomical structure of tomato skin may be significant for quality determination at the harvest point, but the definitions of cells that constitute the skin of fleshy fruits, such as tomato, are still unclear, providing contradictory descriptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidermal tissue of different genetic materials of tomato processing (IT761, U2006, TC2736, CVR2909 and F3060) and maturation stage, in order to compare and choose genetic materials with morphological characteristics of the epidermis region more appropriate for the bulk transport. Micrographs were used for cell measurements using the Image J software. Cuticle undergoes thickening during fruit growth, and reduction in full maturation. Genetic materials presenting fruits with thicker cuticle at the harvest stage (CVR2909, F3060 and IT761) were more advantageous due to their mechanical resistance. Cuticle deposition ends before full fruit maturation, resulting in a decrease in the amount of cutin per surface unit, consequently decreasing cuticle thickness in the ripe fruit. The characteristics observed in the tomato fruit mesocarp clearly showed the disruption of the cell wall during the fourth maturation stage related to loss of fruit firmness. Among the new genetic materials, F3060 has a greater potential to become cultivated for industrialization due to its morphological characteristics, such as elevated cuticle thickness and high values for width, height, perimeter and area of epidermal cells in full maturation stage, which make it suitable for bulk transport.

Abstract In order to help the choice and recommendation of cultivars with the greater mechanical resistance of fruits, this research aimed to determine the mechanical resistance and biometric and physicochemical characteristics of tomato cultivars for industrial processing. Eleven processing tomato cultivar fruits cultivar were used (IT761, H9992, H9553, AP533, Advance, N901, BR-Sena, U2006, HY26, HY37 and HY68). Tomatoes firmness was influenced by several factors, including thickness, epidermal cell shape, and internal structures. In general terms, fruits more resistant to compression and puncture presented low longitudinal diameter (55-59 mm), cross-sectional diameter (42-45 mm), scar diameter (5.8-6.6 mm), pericarp thickness (5.9-7.7 mm), fresh weight (56 - 70 g), volume (61-77 cm3) and ash (0.34-0.40 g 100 g-1), and high moisture content (96.2-96.6 g 100 g-1), and pectin content (0.39-0.47 mg 100 g-1). The fruits showing a better mechanical resistance come from AP533, IT761, HY37 and H9992 cultivars, which should be recommended for cultivation in order to reduce losses during harvest, bulk handling and transportation.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of ten processing tomatoes cultivars (H9992, H9553, U2006, N901, E8755, BA5445, F170, HMX, AP533 and CVR) produced in the city of Morrinhos, Goiás State, Brazil, in order to assess the fruit quality and contribute with more subsidies for choosing tomato cultivars for processing by industries. H9992, H9553, N901, BA5445 and HMX genotypes have smaller fruits (length, volume and mass) and higher mechanical resistance of the fruit pulp. H9992, HMX and F170 genotypes also have higher resistance of fruit peel, indicating that these materials are less susceptible to losses during mechanical harvesting and transportation to the industry. Regarding the L* and b* parameters, the less yellow and darker H9992, H9553 and U2006 cultivars are the most recommended for the industry, which seeks genotypes with higher concentrations of lycopene and less carotenes. Processing tomatoes cultivar HMX, H9992, H9553 and U2006 have higher soluble solids, and potential to enable greater industrial efficiency. Therefore, cultivars H9992 and HMX standing out positively in most of the evaluated parameters: have smaller fruits (length, volume and mass), higher mechanical resistance of the fruit pulp, greater resistance of the fruit peel, higher soluble solids content. Therefore, new genetic material that presented better characteristics for industrialization is HMX.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise da emissão da fluorescência da clorofila a e dos teores de clorofilas em plantas de Ananas comosus (L. Merril) cv pérola, cultivadas em casa de vegetação, submetidas a quatro concentrações de nitrogênio por adição ou não de sulfato de amônio, de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: Tº= 0 T1/2 = 15; T1 = 30; e T2 = 60 mg/kg solo. As determinações de fluorescência mínima (F0), máxima (Fm), variável (Fv), terminal (Ft) e da eficiência fotoquímica máxima (Fv/Fm) de folhas adaptadas ao escuro foram realizadas ao longo do dia, aos cinco dias após a segunda aplicação de sulfato de amônio, efetuada 120 dias após o transplantio. A adição de sulfato de amônio afetou a fluorescência variável e a máxima, mas não afetou a fluorescência mínima, a terminal nem a eficiência fotoquímica. Houve diferenças significativas entre os valores das variáveis da fluorescência ao longo do dia em que foram feitas as leituras. Houve diferenças nos teores de clorofilas foliares, em função das concentrações de sulfato de amônio aplicadas, com aumento para clorofila a e para a relação clorofila a/b, mas não para clorofila b.

The present research aimed to analyze chlorophyll a fluorescence emission as well as chlorophyll levels in Ananas comosus (L. Merril) cv Pérola grown under greenhouse conditions and submitted to four concentration of nitrogen, through addition or not of ammonium sulphate according to the following treatments: Tº= 0.000; T1/2 = 0.015; T1 =0.030; and T2 = 0.060 g/kg soil. Determinations of minimum (F0), maximum (Fm), variable (Fv), and terminal (Ft) fluorescence and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of dark-adapted leaves were carried out during the day, five days after the second application of ammonium sulphate, carried out 120 days after the transplant. The results showed that the addition of ammonium sulphate affected variable and maximum fluorescence, but not minimum and terminal fluorescence neither the photochemical efficiency. There were significant alterations in relation to the time of the day in which the fluorescence was read. Differences in leaf chlorophyll concentration were significant among treatments in relation to variations of ammonium sulphate concentration, with increase for chlorophyll a, total and to the ratio chlorophyll a/b, but not for chlorophyll b.