Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract Background There has been a growing interest in the use of ketamine following orthopedic surgeries. We hypothesized that low dose intravenous ketamine during surgery would help in mobilization following total knee replacement (TKR) in oncology patients as assessed by the timed to up and go (TUG) test at 72 hours post-surgery. Our secondary objectives were to compare the opioid requirement at the end of 72 hours, pain scores, satisfaction with pain management, adverse effects, range of joint movement achieved in the post-operative period and the functional recovery at the end of 1 month. Methods After the ethics commitee approval, registration of the trial with the Clinical Trial Registry - India (CTRI), and informed consent, this double-blinded trial was conducted. Using computer generated randomization chart, an independent team randomized the patients into ketamine group which received at induction, a ketamine bolus dose of 0.5 mg.kg-1 before the incision followed by 10 µg.kg-1min-1 infusion which was maintained intraoperatively till skin closure and the saline group received an equivalent volume of saline. Postoperatively, patient controlled morphine pumps were attached and the pain score with morphine usage were recorded for 72 hours. The TUG tests and range of motion were assessed by the physiotherapists until 72 hours. Results Fifty-two patients were enrolled in the trial. Demographics were comparable. No significant intraoperative hemodynamic changes and post-operative adverse events were noted between the groups. A decrease in the TUG test, along with decreased opioid usage with a better range of movements was noted in the ketamine group, but this was not statistically significant. Day of discharge, patient satisfaction score, and functional recovery assessed by Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were comparable between the groups. Conclusion In conclusion, low dose intraoperative ketamine infusion does not provide clinical benefit in perioperative pain management and postoperative rehabilitation following total knee endoprosthetic replacement in oncology.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.07.014

Acknowledgement to reviewers
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Diniso, Chuma

; Reddy, Collin D.

; Chikwira, Collin

; Dyason, David

; Rossouw, Dirk

; Amadhila, Elina

; Venter, Elmarie

; Human, Gert

; Els, Gideon

; Koloba, Habofanwe

; Mynhardt, Henry

; Boikanyo, Herman

; van Wyk, Ireze

; Kaseeram, Irrshad

; Lubbe, Isolde

; Krüger, Janine

; Laba, Karolina

; Njenga, Kennedy

; Mopalami, Kgomotso

; Viljoen, Kim L.

; Abiwu, Lawrence

; van Staden, Louis J.

; Louw, Lynette

; Kanyangale, MacDonald

; Bezuidenhout, Magda L

; Ramchander, Manduth

; Bomani, Mapeto

; Potgieter, Marius

; Wait, Marius

; Rathbone, Mark

; Magocha, Medicine

; Cant, Michael C.

; Maleka, Molefe J.

; Saurombe, Musawenkosi D.

; Mukhavhuli, Muthuhadini B.

; Mans-Kemp, Nadia

; Eccles, Neil

; Dhanpat, Nelesh

; Swart, Nellie

; Dhliwayo, Shepherd

; Gallow, Shiksha

; Nyikana, Siyabulela

; Naidoo, Sugandren

; Ndofirepi, Takawira M.

; Tselepis, Thea J.

; Farisani, Tshililo R.

; Hermann, Uwe P.

; Makhubela, Vincent F.

; Naidoo, Vinessa

; Mtembu, Vuyokazi N.

; Niemann, Wesley

; Chinyamurindi, Willie T.

; Fields, Ziska

; Bugwa, Vinay

; Thindisa, Victor

Acta Commercii

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2022, Volume 22 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 1

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Governance in banks using not-for-profit organisations to deliver their corporate social responsibility
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Penn, Vincent C.

; Thomas, Peta

; Goldman, Geoff A.

Acta Commercii

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2021, Volume 21 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 7

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ORIENTATION: Little exists in academic literature on the governance framework underlying the relationship between not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) delivering corporate social responsibility (CSR) on behalf of donors. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine community value created by four leading South African retail banks through their CSR initiatives implemented by NPOs. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: This study was motivated by the need to assess banks' public disclosure of their CSR efforts in terms of community upliftment. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory approach was adopted, using content analysis of CSR projects and bank NPOs, which have been given as public disclosure on the banks' websites. Purposeful, one-on-one, interviews were then undertaken with NPOs and the CSR community recipients and content analysis was again used to identify key themes. MAIN FINDINGS: The findings of this study indicate that banks do not adopt standardised reporting to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and therefore the measure of success for community upliftment is impossible to gauge PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: This study proposes a need for the development of a standardised CSR measurement framework for use by the JSE. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study highlighted the critical role of CSR governance in creating community upliftment.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v21i1.913 21 downloads

Los imperativos éticos de la pandemia de COVID-19: Un análisis desde la ética de los datos
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Arriagada Bruneau, Gabriela

; Gilthorpe, Mark

; Müller, Vincent C.

Veritas

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Ago 2020, Nº 46 Páginas 13 - 35

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract In this review, we present some ethical imperatives observed in this pandemic from a data ethics perspective. Our exposition connects recurrent ethical problems in the discipline, such as, privacy, surveillance, transparency, accountability, and trust, to broader societal concerns about equality, discrimination, and justice. We acknowledge data ethic’s role as significant to develop technological, inclusive, and pluralist societies.

Resumen En esta revisión, exponemos algunos de los imperativos éticos observados desde la ética de datos en esta pandemia. Nuestra exposición busca conectar problemas éticos típicos dentro de esta disciplina, a saber, privacidad, vigilancia, transparencia, responsabilidad y confianza, con preocupaciones a nivel social relacionadas con la igualdad, discrimi nación y justicia. Consideramos que la ética de datos tiene un rol significativo para desarrollar sociedades tecnificadas, inclusivas y pluralistas.

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Migraine improvement correlates with posterior cingulate cortical thickness reduction
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Amaral, Vanise C. G.

; Tukamoto, Gustavo

; Kubo, Tadeu

; Luiz, Ronir Raggio

; Gasparetto, Emerson

; Vincent, Maurice B.

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Mar 2018, Volume 76 Nº 3 Páginas 150 - 157

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivos Correlacionar a melhora de pacientes enxaquecosos após tratamento preventivo com alterações na espessura do córtex cerebral. Métodos Espessura cortical foi determinada a partir de imagens de ressonância magnética (RM)em 19 pacientes com enxaqueca, antes (1ᵃ RM) e após (2ᵃ RM) o tratamento profilático, e comparada com controles, usando o programa FreeSurfer. Mudanças corticais foram correlacionadas com o índice de cefaleia (HI). Resultados O hemisfério direito apresentou aumento da espessura no córtex do cúneus e pré-cúneus, parietal superior e somatossensitivo na primeira RM e na segunda RM, em comparação aos controles. Após correção para comparações múltiplas, nenhuma região cortical se mostrou estatisticamente diferente entre a primeira e a segunda RM. A regressão mostrou correlação (negativa) significativa entre melhora do HI e mudanças na espessura cortical do cíngulo posterior esquerdo. Conclusão Existem alterações de espessura cortical em pacientes com enxaqueca em relação a controles em áreas envolvidas com processamento visual e com a dor. As alterações corticais no cíngulo posterior esquerdo variaram de acordo com a frequência e intensidade das crises.

ABSTRACT Objective The main goal of this study was to correlate migraine improvement, after prophylactic therapy, with cortical thickness changes. Methods Cortical thickness maps were obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 19 patients with migraine before (first scan) and after (second scan) prophylactic treatment, and these were compared with controls using the FreeSurfer MRI tool. Cortical changes were correlated with the headache index (HI). Results Anincrease incortical thickness was found in the right cuneus and precuneus, somatosensory and superior parietal cortices in both patient scans, compared with the controls. No changes were observed in the left hemisphere. Following correction for multiple comparisons, no areas changed from the first to the second scan. Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the HI improvement and cortical thickness changes in the left posterior cingulate, a region involved with nociception and, possibly, the development of chronic pain. Conclusion There were changes in cortical thickness in patients with migraine relative to controls in areas involved with vision and pain processing. Left posterior cingulate cortical changes correlated with headache frequency and intensity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180004 1498 downloads

Level of awareness and treatment of anxiety and depression during pregnancy in southeast Nigeria
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Sunday, Ezeme M.

; Okoli, Paul C.

; Dinwoke, Vincent O.

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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2018, Volume 24 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 5

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders are somewhat masked by features of pregnancy; hence many women are ignorant of them and are untreated. AIM: To determine the level of awareness and treatment of anxiety and depression in pregnancy. SETTING: The study was carried out at the antenatal clinic of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study of 200 pregnant women in consecutive attendance of the antenatal clinic using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants, 23.5% had anxiety and/or depression, 7.5% of them were aware of their condition and only 0.5% of all the participants or 6.7% of those who were aware of their problem received treatment. CONCLUSION: Anxiety and depression are prevalent among pregnant women. Because of overlap of symptoms of anxiety and depression with those of pregnancy, the awareness is very low; hence many of them suffer immensely without treatment.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v24i0.1192 255 downloads

Isolation and biochemical characterization of bradykinin-potentiating peptides from Bitis gabonica rhinoceros
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Fucase, Tamara M.

; Sciani, Juliana M.

; Cavalcante, Ingrid

; Viala, Vincent L.

; Chagas, Bruno B.

; Pimenta, Daniel C.

; Spencer, Patrick J.

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2017, Volume 23 elocation 33

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Venoms represent a still underexplored reservoir of bioactive components that might mitigate or cure diseases in conditions in which conventional therapy is ineffective. The bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) comprise a class of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The BPPs usually consist of oligopeptides with 5 to 13 residues with a high number of proline residues and the tripeptide Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP-tripeptide) in the C-terminus region and have a conserved N-terminal pyroglutamate residue. As a whole, the action of the BPPs on prey and snakebite victims results in the decrease of the blood pressure. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize novel BPPs from the venom of Bitis gabonica rhinoceros. Methods: The crude venom of B. g. rhinoceros was fractionated by size exclusion chromatography and the peptide fraction (<7 kDa) was separated by reverse phase chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed by ESI-IT-TOF-MS/MS. One new BPP was identified, synthetized and assayed for ACE inhibition and, in vivo, for edema potentiation. Results: Typical BPP signatures were identified in three RP-HPLC fractions. CID fragmentation presented the usual y-ion of the terminal P-P fragment as a predominant signal at m/z 213.1. De novo peptide sequencing identified one Bothrops-like BPP and one new BPP sequence. The new BPP was synthesized and showed poor inhibition over ACE, but displayed significant bradykinin-induced edema potentiation. Conclusions: So far, few BPPs are described in Viperinae, and based on the sequenced peptides, two non-canonical sequences were detected. The possible clinical role of this new peptides remains unclear.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-017-0124-9 552 downloads

Bank employees' engagement in corporate social responsibility initiatives at a South African retail bank
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Penn, Vincent C.

; Thomas, Peta H.

Acta Commercii

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2017, Volume 17 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 10

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ORIENTATION: Many firms encourage employees to undertake corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects. With any project, it is important that firm resources are committed to create valued outcomes for stakeholders. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study purpose was to gain insight into criteria that can practically help define the success of employee run CSR projects. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: CSR activities are reported in literature as creating valuable intangible and tangible assets for firms when planned as strategies to improve brand reputation, customer loyalty and future profit. This research reviews a South African retail bank that promotes CSR undertakings to employees exploring the bank's support for employees engaged in CSR. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Two of the bank's completed community CSR projects were identified by the bank's senior CSR managers for this review. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with employees, bank CSR managers and project recipients. Participant interviews were transcribed into text then analysed to identify where stakeholder value diminished on these projects MAIN FINDINGS: The study found that this bank's CSR processes do not fully support the employees, detrimentally affecting the ability of the employees to optimise project outcomes. PRACTICAL OR MANAGERIAL IMPLICATION: Because employee CSR efforts are often aligned with a firm's value creation strategies, optimising the project management of employee CSR activities can improve the value of the outcomes achieved. CONTRIBUTION OR VALUE ADD: Determining specific conditions that influence successful project management of employee CSR projects can help to improve the potential of CSR projects in co-creating optimised value for stakeholders.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v17i1.379 2107 downloads

Mitochondrial Disease and Anesthesia
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Hsieh, Vincent C.

; Krane, Elliot J.

; Morgan, Philip G.

Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening

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2017, Volume 5 elocation e160057

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract It is increasingly common for children with mitochondrial disease to undergo surgery and anesthesia. Although many different anesthetics have been used successfully for these patients, serious, unexpected complications have occurred during and following anesthetic exposure. This has led to the widespread opinion among anesthesiologists that mitochondrial patients are at increased risk from the stress of surgery and anesthesia. Defects in function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain can lead to striking hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics in children. Despite this striking finding, the connection between mitochondrial function and response to anesthetics is unknown. We review here the anesthetic considerations for patients with mitochondrial defects. In addition, we present an approach to anesthetic care of these patients at our institutions.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2326409817707770 963 downloads

10.

Nest sites selection by sympatric cavity-nesting birds in miombo woodlands
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Nyirenda, Vincent R.

; Chewe, Felistus C.

; Chisha-Kasumu, Exildah

; Lindsey, Peter A.

Koedoe

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2016, Volume 58 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 10

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Deforestation and habitat fragmentation have long been known as drivers of wildlife depletion but information on their specific impacts on cavity-nesting birds in the miombo woodlands has been lacking. A comparative study of disturbed and undisturbed sites was conducted in miombo woodlands of Zambia to assess impacts of environmental stressors on birds. Foot patrols were employed to locate, identify and count host trees and cavities for cavity-nesting birds on twenty 200 m × 200 m sample plots. Undisturbed forests had three times more cavities (the nesting sites for birds), while there were 24.6% fewer abandoned cavities in undisturbed forests than in disturbed forests. The rate of cavity abandonment was about twice as high in human-dominated forests compared to undisturbed forests (61.3% c.f. 31.9%). Cavity-nesting birds preferred larger (> 36.0 cm diameter at breast height) and taller (> 5.0 m) trees for nest placement, especially in human-dominated forests. A number of cavity-nesting birds preferred Brachystegia spiciformis (zebrawood),Julbernadia paniculata (munsa), Parinari curatellifolia (mobola-plum) and Uapaca kirkiana (mahobohobo) as host trees to 14 other miombo tree species. Arnot's Chat (Myrmecocichla arnoti) had a wider selection of host trees for cavity-nesting than the other 40 cavity-nesting birds in the study areas. Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled firewood collection, wild fires, logging, and land clearing for agriculture negatively influenced wood abundance and diversity, with potential implications for persistence of cavity-nesting birds. The negative impacts of anthropogenic activities could be counteracted by conservation strategies such as implementation of sound forest policies, integrative land use practices, sustainable livelihood security and stakeholders' awareness of the need to safeguard forest-dependent avifauna. CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS: This comparative study unravels specific anthropogenic impacts on the cavity-nesting birds in the miombo woodlands, which would be relevant for designing and implementing targeted biodiversity conservation interventions against negative local environmental values and attitudes that support rural development on the expense of conservation of biodiversity such as birds.

https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1359 682 downloads

11.

Tasas de cambios de coberturas de suelo y deforestación (1986-2011) en el municipio de Riberalta, Amazonía boliviana
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Peralta-Rivero, Carmelo

; Torrico-Albino, Juan C.

; Vos, Vincent A.

; Galindo-Mendoza, Maria G.

; Contreras-Servín, Carlos

Ecología en Bolivia

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Set 2015, Volume 50 Nº 2 Páginas 91 - 114

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

El presente estudio analiza los cambios de cobertura de suelo principalmente debido a la deforestación, en el municipio de Riberalta, en la Amazonía boliviana. Calculamos las tasas de cambios de coberturas de suelo y la deforestación usando percepción remota y sistemas de información geográfica. En el análisis se utilizaron imágenes LandSat TM 5 para los años 1986, 2000 y 2011. Los cambios de coberturas fueron cuantificados y adicionalmente se utilizó cartografía para identificar y mapear las principales áreas afectadas. Diferentes técnicas de detección de la deforestación basadas en SIG demostraron que la pérdida de vegetación ha ocurrido principalmente en la categoría de bosque con una tasa de cambio de -0.22% entre 1986-2000 y -0.74% entre 2000-2011. La deforestación acumulada fue de 885.55 km² y ocurrió principalmente sobre propiedades privadas (314.08 km²) seguida de comunidades campesinas. Asimismo, la regeneración de la cobertura forestal fue quince veces menor que la deforestación. Concluimos que los procesos de deforestación fueron más intensos entre 2000-2011 con un claro incremento de las coberturas no originales, tales como la vegetación secundaria, pasto, suelo expuesto y área urbana. Los principales actores ligados a la deforestación fueron los propietarios de tierras privadas y no así las zonas indígenas. La deforestación es más fuerte al norte y al noreste del municipio donde se encuentran las principales vías de comunicación. Este aumento en la pérdida forestal puede reflejar tendencias futuras de deforestación y cambios de uso de suelo para la región de la Amazonía boliviana en general y es fundamental dar más atención a este municipio para que se tomen medidas preventivas de manejo y conservación de la cobertura forestal y de labiodiversidad.

This study analyses the changes in land cover in the municipality of Riberalta, in the Bolivian Amazon, mainly related to deforestation. We calculated rates of land cover changes and deforestation using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The analysis was conducted using LandSat TM 5 images for the years 1986, 2000 and 2011. Changes of land cover types were quantified and mapped to identify the affected areas. Different techniques of deforestation detection based on GIS demonstrated that the loss of vegetation has occurred mainly in the land cover type "forest" with a rate of change of -0.22% between 1986 and 2000, and -0.74% between 2000 and 2011. The accumulated deforestation was 885.55 km² and occurred mainly on private properties (314.08 km²) followed by peasant communities. Furthermore, the regeneration of forest cover was fifteen times lower than deforestation rates. We conclude that the deforestation process was more intense between 2000 and 2011 with a clear increase of non-original covers like secondary vegetation, pasture, exposed soil and urban areas. The main actors were linked to deforestation were the owners of private land and not the indigenous areas. The deforestation is stronger in the north and northeast of the municipality where the main roads are located. This increase in forest loss may reflect future trends of deforestation and land use changes for the Bolivian Amazon region in general and it is therefore essential that preventive measures like management and conservation of forest and biodiversity should be taken.

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12.

Survey of pharmacist-managed primary care clinics using healthcare failure mode and effect analysis
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Vincent, Ashley H.

; Gonzalvo, Jasmine D.

; Ramsey, Darin C.

; Walton, Alison M.

; Weber, Zachary A.

; Wilhoite, Jessica E.

Pharmacy Practice (Granada)

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Dez 2013, Volume 11 Nº 4 Páginas 196 - 202

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objectives: The primary objective was to expand upon results of a previously piloted patient perception survey with Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA), to identify areas within pharmacist-managed clinics needing improvement. Methods: The survey was adapted for use in pharmacist-managed clinics. Patients completed the survey following regularly scheduled pharmacist appointments. Data were analyzed with a method adapted from HFMEA. Product scores could range from five to 25. A product of five indicates that pharmacists are doing a good job on the items that patients place the most value on, while a product score of 25 indicates that pharmacists are doing a poor job. A score greater than or equal to ten was used to identify areas for improvement. Results: Seventy-one patients completed surveys. Thirteen components were assessed and no item achieved a mean product greater than or equal to ten. The survey item with the highest mean product pertained to discussion of potential medication side effects (mean: 7.06; interquartile range: 5-10). Analysis of each survey item found that all survey items had multiple individual responses that provided a product score of greater than or equal to ten. The survey items most frequently listed in the overall population as being most valued were "Told you the name of each of your medicines and what they are used for", "Answered your questions fully," and "Explained what your medicines do". Conclusions: Educational components provided during pharmacist-managed clinic appointments are aligned with patients´ needs and are successfully incorporating the components that patients value highly in a patient-healthcare provider interaction. The HFMEA model can be an important teaching tool to identify specific processes in need of improvement and to help enhance pharmacists´ self-efficacy, which may further improve patient care.

Objetivos: El objetivo primario fue profundizar sobre los resultados de un cuestionario pre-pilotado de percepciones de los pacientes con el análisis de modos y efectos de fallos en salud (HFMEA) para identificar áreas en las que las consultas de farmacéuticas necesitan mejorar. Métodos: El cuestionario fue adaptado para su uso en consultas farmacéuticas. Los pacientes cubrieron el cuestionario después de las citas farmacéuticas acordadas. Los datos se analizaron usando un método adaptado del HFMEA. Las puntuaciones de producto podían oscilar de 5 a 25. Un producto de 5 indicaba que el farmacéutico estaba realizando un buen trabajo en los ítems que el paciente valorizaba más, mientras que una puntuación de 25 indicaba que el farmacéutico estaba haciendo un mal trabajo. Se utilizaron las puntuaciones de 10 o más para identificar áreas de mejoría. Resultados: 71 pacientes completaron cuestionarios. Se evaluaron 33 componentes y ningún ítem alcanzó un producto medio mayor o igual a 10. El punto de la encuesta que alcanzó la media más alta trataba de la discusión de los potenciales efectos secundarios de la medicación (media: 7.06; rango intercuartilico: 5-10). El análisis de cada ítem del cuestionario encontró que todos los ítems tenían varias respuestas individuales que proporcionaban una puntuación igual o mayor de 10. Los ítems más frecuentemente considerados por la población total como siendo los más valorados fueron "le dijo el nombre de todos sus medicamentos y para que se usan", "respondió completamente sus preguntas" y "explico lo que hacen los medicamentos". Conclusiones: Los componentes educativos proporcionados en las visitas a las consultas farmacéuticas se alinean con las necesidades de los pacientes e incorporan con éxito los componentes que los pacientes valoran más en la interacción paciente-profesional de la salud. El modelo HFMEA puede ser una importante herramienta educativa para identificar procesos específicos que necesitan mejorar y para ayudar a aumentar la auto-eficacia de los farmacéuticos, lo que podrá en el futuro mejorar la atención a pacientes.

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13.

Kinetics and equilibrium studies of Pb2+ in removal from aqueous solutions by use of nano-silversol-coated activated carbon
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Kumar, P. Senthil

; Vincent, C.

; Kirthika, K.

; Kumar, K. Sathish

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Jun 2010, Volume 27 Nº 2 Páginas 339 - 346

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The ability of nano-silversol-coated activated carbon (NSSCAC) to adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated through batch experiments. The adsorption of lead onto NSSCAC has been found to depend on adsorbent dose, initial concentration and contact time. The experiments were carried out at natural solution pH. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model and Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 23.81 mg of Pb/g of NSSCAC. The experiments showed that the highest removal rate was 92.42% for Pb2+ under optimal conditions. The sorption of Pb2+ on NSSCAC was rapid during the first 30 min and the equilibrium attained within 60 min. The kinetic processes of Pb2+ adsorption on NSSCAC were described by applying pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption process is chemisorption. The NSSCAC investigated in this study showed good potential for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution.

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14.

Nefrectomía del donante vivo: técnica de la universidad de Miami y resultados actuales
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Shirodkar, Samir P.

; Sageshima, Junichiro

; Bird, Vincent G.

; Martinez, Jose M.

; Chen, Linda

; Burke, George W.

; Ciancio, Gaetano

Archivos Españoles de Urología (Ed. impresa)

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Abr 2010, Volume 63 Nº 3 Páginas 163 - 170

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objectives: Living-donor nephrectomy has significantly expanded the pool of renal transplant donors, allowing for a marked increase in transplantation. Improvements in antirejection medications and refinement of donor selection criteria have allowed for extremely favorable rates of graft survival. More recently, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has significantly reduced the morbidity of renal transplantation in the donor population. The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Transplant Center performs a large number of living-donor nephrectomies, with increasing use of LDN and here we report our cumulative experience. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all live donor nephrectomies performed over the last 10 years, including LDN. Surgical complications, both minor and major, were ascertained. Conversion from LDN to open was similarly noted. Follow up, including creatinine one year post-transplant was recorded in open donor nephrectomy (ODN) and LDN groups. Results: Over 10 years, 413 live donor nephrectomies were performed. Of these, 257 were LDN, and 156 were ODN. In two cases, LDN was converted to ODN. Three patients needed reoperation after donor nephrectomy. There were no perioperative mortalities or deep venous thrombosis. Minor complications, including hernia, fever, and C. difficile diarrhea were very rare, the most common being testicular pain in eight patients. Conclusion: Our extensive experience with living donor nephrectomy, with 413 cases spanning ten years, has been very favorable. The risk of major complications was extremely low, with six reported in the series. Minor complications were similarly rare. Living donor nephrectomy is a safe and feasible method of increasing the number of renal transplantation donors with minimal morbidity.

Objetivo: La nefrectomía del donante vivo ha aumentado significativamente el fondo de donantes para trasplante renal, permitiendo un incremento marcado de los trasplantes. Las mejorías de la medicación contra el rechazo y el refinamiento de los criterios de selección del donante han permitido unas tasas de supervivencia del injerto extremadamente favorables. Más recientemente, la nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo (NLDV) ha reducido significativamente la morbilidad en la población de donantes. La Universidad de Miami/Centro de Trasplantes del Hospital Jackson Memorial ha realizado un gran número de nefrectomías del donante vivo, con un aumento de la utilización de la nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo y en el presente artículo comunicamos nuestra experiencia acumulada. Métodos: Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de todas las nefrectomías del donante vivo realiza las durante los últimos diez años, incluyendo las nefrectomías laparoscópicas. Se recogieron las complicaciones quirúrgicas, tanto menores como graves. También se registraron las conversiones de laparoscopia cirugía abierta. Se revisó el seguimiento, incluyendo las creatininas al año del trasplante en los grupos de nefrectomía abierta del donante y laparoscópica. Resultados: Se han realizado 413 nefrectomías del donante vivo durante diez años. De éstas, 257 fueron laparoscópicas y 156 abiertas. En dos casos, la nefrectomía laparoscópica fue convertida a abierta. Tres donantes necesitaron de intervención después de la nefrectomía. No hubo ninguna muerte perioperatoria ni trombosis venosa profundas. Las complicaciones menores, incluyendo hernia, fiebre y diarrea por C.difficile fueron muy raras, siendo la más frecuente el dolor testicular en ocho casos. Conclusiones: Nuestra amplia experiencia en nefrectomía del donante vivo, con 413 casos a lo largo de diez años, ha sido muy favorable. El riesgo de complicaciones graves fue extremadamente bajo, con seis casos comunicados en esta serie. Las complicaciones menores también fueron raras. La nefrectomía del donante vivo es un método seguro y factible de aumentar el número de donantes para trasplante renal con mínima morbilidad.

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15.

Modulatory activity of antioxidants against the toxicity of Rifampicin in vivo
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Awodele, Olufunsho

; Akintonwa, Alade

; Osunkalu, Vincent O.

; Coker, Herbert A.B.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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Fev 2010, Volume 52 Nº 1 Páginas 43 - 46

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A Organização Mundial da Saúde tem mostrado preocupação acerca da eclosão da tuberculose nos países em desenvolvimento. Embora a rifampicina seja droga efetiva para o controle da tuberculose têm sido documentados seus efeitos tóxicos em pacientes. Portanto este estudo tem a intenção de investigar o efeito modulador das vitaminas C e E na hepatotoxicidade, qualidade de esperma e a toxicidade cerebral da rifampicina. Quarenta ratos albinos da raça Wistar foram usados, 10 animais por grupo. O grupo 1 de animais recebeu 0,3 mL de água destilada. O grupo 2 recebeu a dose terapêutica de rifampicina. O grupo 3 recebeu doses terapêuticas de rifampicina mais vitamina E, enquanto o grupo 4 recebeu doses terapêuticas de rifampicina e vitamina C. A administração foi feita por via oral durante três meses; os animais foram sacrificados por deslocação cervical após este período. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas e função hepática e o perfil lipídico foram analisados usando aparelho automático de química clínica. O fígado, o cérebro e os órgãos reprodutivos foram submetidos a análise histopatológica. As amostras de esperma foram coletadas do epidídimo para contagem, motilidade e análise morfológica. Resultados revelaram que a rifampicina isoladamente aumenta (p < 0,05) os enzimas de função hepática (aspartato amino transferase {AST], alanino amino transferase sérica [ALT] e bilirrubina total) quando comparados com os controles. Embora o grupo tratado com vitamina E mostrasse marcada proteção, o grupo tratado com vitamina C mostrou proteção questionável contra a lesão hepática induzida pela rifampicina. Resultados da contagem espermática mostraram importante (p < 0,05) aumento na qualidade do esperma no grupo tratado com vitamina E e C. Entretanto, o grupo tratado com vitamina E e rifampicina mostrou aumento da peroxidação lipídica. Os achados histopatológicos revelaram danos estruturais pela rifampicina ao fígado, cérebro e epidídimo enquanto uma notável integridade arquitetural foi observada no grupo tratado por anti-oxidantes. Pode-se concluir que as vitaminas E e C melhoraram a qualidade do esperma e protegeram o cérebro de danos causados pela rifampicina. Mais ainda, a vitamina E demonstrou notável hépato-proteção contra o dano induzido pela rifampicina enquanto a vitamina C mostrou hépato-proteção questionável.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has shown concern about the burden of tuberculosis in the developing countries. Even though rifampicin is an effective drug in the management of tuberculosis, it has been documented to have some toxic effects in humans. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the modulatory effect of vitamins C and E on the hepatotoxicity, sperm quality and brain toxicity of Rifampicin. Forty Wistar albino rats were used, 10 animals per group. Group 1 animals received 0.3 mL of distilled water, the Group 2 animals received the therapeutic dose of rifampicin, Group 3 animals received therapeutic doses of rifampicin plus vitamin E, while Group 4 received therapeutic doses of rifampicin and vitamin C. The administration was performed orally during three months; the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at the end of that period. Blood samples were collected and liver function and lipid profile was analyzed using fully automated clinical chemistry device. The liver, brain and reproductive organs underwent histopathological examination. Sperm samples were collected from the epididymis to achieve count and motility and morphological analysis. Results showed rifampicin alone to raise (p < 0.05) liver function enzymes (Aspartate amino transferase [AST], Serum alanine amino transferase [ALT] and Total Bilirubin) when compared with controls. While the vitamin E treated group showed remarkable protection, the vitamin C treated group showed questionable protection against the rifampicin induced liver damage. Sperm count results showed an important (p < 0.05) increase in the sperm quality in vitamin E and C treated groups. However, the vitamin E plus Rifampicin treated group showed increased lipid peroxidation. The histopathological findings revealed structural damages by rifampicin in liver, brain and epididymis while some remarkable architectural integrity was observed in the antioxidant-treated groups. It can be concluded that vitamin E or C improved sperm quality and protected against the brain damage caused by rifampicin. Moreover, vitamin E demonstrated remarkable hepatoprotection against rifampicin induced damage while vitamin C shows a questionable hepatoprotection.

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