Abstract This article is based on a representative and randomly selected sample of 396 individual criminal decisions from the Federal Supreme Court, issued between January 1, 2020, and June 22, 2021, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We tracked the petitions, the type of imprisonment, the date of judgment, the type of legal action, and the outcomes of these requests. Subsequently, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the arguments employed by the Court in reaching its decisions. The main objective of the study is to understand how the Court ruled on requests for release from incarceration and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the judicial reasoning. The findings indicate that the pandemic had no relevant impact on the Court’s decision-making process. Dismissals on procedural grounds prevailed, allowing the court to avoid ruling on the merits of a claim. On the other hand, when the merits were analyzed, the pandemic was not treated as a sufficient argument for releasing a prisoner. Additionally, during the pandemic, CNJ’s Recommendation No. 62 and ADPF No. 347 had no argumentative prominence in the few decisions that granted requests for release. This research reinforces the diagnosis that the pandemic has not changed how the Judiciary deals with imprisonment. This finding contributes to understand the challenges in tackling mass incarceration in Brazil.

Resumo Este artigo é baseado em uma amostra representativa e aleatória de 396 decisões monocráticas penais do Supremo Tribunal Federal, proferidas entre 01/01/2020 e 22/06/2021, que mencionam a pandemia de Covid-19. Foram mapeados os pedidos, o tipo de prisão, a data de julgamento, o tipo de ação e o resultado dos pedidos. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise qualitativa dos argumentos utilizados pela Corte para decidir. O objetivo principal do estudo é compreender como a Corte julgou pedidos de desencarceramento e o peso da pandemia de Covid-19 na argumentação judicial. Os dados indicam que a pandemia não teve impacto relevante na forma de decidir do STF em casos de prisão. Prevaleceram os indeferimentos de pedidos de soltura, com significativa mobilização argumentativa de óbices processuais, permitindo que a Corte não se posicionasse sobre questões de mérito. Por outro lado, quando o mérito foi analisado, a pandemia não foi tratada como argumento suficiente para desencarcerar. Ademais, a pandemia, a Recomendação 62 do CNJ e a ADPF 347 não tiveram grande destaque argumentativo nas poucas decisões que concederam pedidos de desencarceramento. A pesquisa reforça o diagnóstico de que a pandemia não mudou o modo como o Judiciário lida com a prisão. Esse achado de pesquisa contribui para a compreensão dos obstáculos para o enfrentamento do superencarceramento no Brasil.

RESUMO Introdução: Com a preparação e desenvolvimento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno, houve um aumento da popularidade do esqui. Impulsionados por essa demanda, o desenvolvimento profissional dos treinadores requer atualizações nas análises de lesões esportivas dos esquiadores, elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento correspondentes, além de treinamentos de resistência de modo a promover o desenvolvimento da qualidade física dos atletas, como a massa óssea e sua densidade mineral. Objetivo: Estudar as lesões esportivas dos esquiadores e explorar necessidades e modos de aplicação do treino de resistência no esqui. Métodos: O método de pesquisa por questionário foi utilizado para explorar os principais tipos de lesões e seus fatores influenciadores. Em seguida, 20 voluntários foram selecionados para o experimento de treinamento de resistência, cada grupo de 10 pessoas incluiu 5 homens e 5 mulheres. O grupo controle manteve uma vida diária normal, enquanto ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um treinamento de resistência, três vezes por semana, com base no grupo controle. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a proporção atual de lesões por esqui foi relativamente alta, principalmente em lesões leves. Após 9 semanas no grupo experimental de treinamento de resistência, tanto homens quanto mulheres tiveram desenvolvimento positivo de massa óssea. Conclusão: O treinamento de resistência pode não só melhorar a qualidade física, mas também reduzir a ocorrência de lesões esportivas, demonstrando os benefícios de sua implementação no treinamento de resistência dos esquiadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the preparation and development of the Winter Olympic Games, there has been an increase in the popularity of skiing. Driven by this demand, the professional development of coaches requires updates in the analysis of skiers’ sports injuries, elaboration of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies, and resistance training to promote the development of athletes’ physical quality, such as bone mass and mineral density. Objective: Study the sports injuries of skiers and explore needs and ways of applying resistance training in skiing. Methods: The questionnaire survey was used to explore the main types of injuries and their influencing factors. Then, 20 volunteers were selected for the resistance training experiment; each group of 10 people included five men and five women. The control group maintained a normal daily life, while resistance training was added to the experimental group three times a week, based on the control group. Results: The research results showed that the current proportion of skiing injuries was relatively high, mainly in mild injuries. After nine weeks in the experimental resistance training group, both men and women had positive bone mass development. Conclusion: Resistance training can improve physical quality and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries, demonstrating the benefits of its implementation in endurance training for skiers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con la preparación y el desarrollo de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno, ha aumentado la popularidad del esquí. Impulsado por esta demanda, el desarrollo profesional de los entrenadores requiere actualizaciones en el análisis de las lesiones deportivas de los esquiadores, la elaboración de las correspondientes estrategias de prevención y tratamiento, así como el entrenamiento de la resistencia para promover el desarrollo de la calidad física de los atletas, como la masa ósea y la densidad mineral. Objetivo: Estudiar las lesiones deportivas de los esquiadores y explorar las necesidades y formas de aplicar el entrenamiento de resistencia en el esquí. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de encuesta por cuestionario para explorar los principales tipos de lesiones y sus factores de influencia. A continuación, se seleccionaron 20 voluntarios para el experimento de entrenamiento de resistencia, cada grupo de 10 personas incluía 5 hombres y 5 mujeres. El grupo de control mantuvo una vida diaria normal, mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un entrenamiento de resistencia, tres veces por semana, basado en el grupo de control. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que la proporción actual de lesiones de esquí era relativamente alta, principalmente en las lesiones leves. Después de 9 semanas en el grupo experimental de entrenamiento de resistencia, tanto los hombres como las mujeres tuvieron un desarrollo positivo de la masa ósea. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de resistencia no sólo puede mejorar la calidad física, sino también reducir la aparición de lesiones deportivas, lo que demuestra los beneficios de su aplicación en el entrenamiento de resistencia de los esquiadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract TVB-N is one of the important indexes of the freshness of chilled pork. To present the freshness more accurately and completely, a visualization technology of chemical composition was applied and optimized for pork freshness detection. Two hyperspectral cameras covering visible and near-infrared wavebands were used to detect the TVB-N content. GA, SPA, iPLSR, and siPLSR were employed to select characteristic wavebands from the spectra data extracted from the hyperspectral images, and PLSR models were established on full wavebands and characteristic wavebands. According to the models established on the spectral data, TVB-N distribution maps were obtained, and URV and ICV were employed to evaluate the performance of distribution maps. The results showed that, both PLSR models established on the characteristic wavebands and full wavebands achieved good accuracy, and that the characteristic wavebands cluster was in the spectral range of 600-750 nm, 1020-1120 nm, and 1450-1570 nm. To optimize the performance of distribution maps, prediction models were reconstructed under the guidance of URV and ICV. This study provided a method of predicting TVB-N content of pork in both spectral and imaging aspect for online testing the freshness of chilled pork, which improves the efficiency and quality of testing.

ABSTRACT Introduction By improving the material level of life, the amount of exercise of adolescents is decreasing, leading the muscular strength and cardiorespiratory resistance to also decrease instead of increase. Therefore, it is urgent to present effective training methods in physical education teaching to benefit adolescents’ quality of life. Objective Study the effect of table tennis training on musculature and cardiorespiratory endurance in young students. Methods 60 students from grade 7 of a high school were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. In this paper, intra-group comparisons and inter-group comparisons were used. Before the experiment and after 9 weeks of training, students had their biophysical indicators collected; these data were analyzed and statistically compared. Results Existing physical education training can overall improve students’ physical muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance. The results show that the current training is effective, but inferior to that experienced with table tennis, and should be adjusted. Conclusion In teaching high school youth, physical education teachers are advised to promote table tennis to promote the young student’s health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Al mejorar el nivel de vida material, la cantidad de ejercicio de los adolescentes está disminuyendo, lo que hace que la fuerza muscular y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria también disminuyan en lugar de aumentar. Por lo tanto, es urgente presentar métodos de formación eficaces en la enseñanza de la educación física, con el objetivo de beneficiar el nivel de calidad de vida de los adolescentes. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento de tenis de mesa sobre la musculatura y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en jóvenes estudiantes. Métodos 60 estudiantes de 7º curso de un instituto se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El experimento duró 9 semanas. En este trabajo se utilizó la comparación intragrupo y la comparación intergrupo. Antes del experimento y después de 9 semanas de entrenamiento, se recogieron los indicadores biofísicos de los estudiantes, se analizaron estos datos y se compararon estadísticamente. Resultados El entrenamiento de educación física existente puede mejorar la resistencia física muscular y cardiopulmonar general de los estudiantes. Los resultados demuestran que el entrenamiento actual es eficaz, pero inferior al experimentado con el tenis de mesa, y debería ajustarse. Conclusión En la situación actual de la enseñanza para jóvenes de secundaria, se aconseja que los profesores de educación física promuevan el tenis de mesa como medida auxiliar en la promoción integral de la salud del joven estudiante. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução Ao melhorar o nível de vida material, a quantidade de exercício dos adolescentes está diminuindo, levando a força muscular e a resistência cardiorrespiratória a também diminuem ao invés de aumentar. Portanto, é urgente apresentar métodos de treinamento eficazes no ensino da educação física, visando beneficiar o nível de qualidade de vida dos adolescentes. Objetivo Estudar o efeito do treinamento de tênis de mesa sobre a musculatura e a resistência cardiorrespiratória em jovens estudantes. Métodos 60 alunos da série 7 de uma escola de ensino médio foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupo experimental e controle. O experimento durou 9 semanas. Neste trabalho, foram usadas a comparação intragrupo e a comparação intergrupo. Antes do experimento e após 9 semanas de treinamento, os alunos tiveram seus indicadores biofísicos coletados, esses dados foram analisados e comparados estatisticamente. Resultados O treinamento de educação física existentes podem melhorar globalmente a resistência muscular física e cardiopulmonar dos alunos. Os resultados mostram que o treinamento atual é eficaz, porém inferior ao experimentado com o tênis de mesa, devendo ser ajustados. Conclusão Na atual situação do ensino para jovens do ensino médio, é aconselhado aos professores de educação física promoverem o tênis de mesa como uma medida auxiliar na promoção integral da saúde do jovem estudante. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Resumo O presente artigo analisa a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre políticas para prevenção e tratamento da covid-19. Com o auxílio da ciência de dados e da inteligência artificial, foi realizada a coleta sistemática e exaustiva da jurisprudência da Corte sobre esse assunto. As decisões coletadas foram organizadas e classificadas nos seguintes temas: distanciamento social; medidas diversas de combate à pandemia; uso de máscara; requisição administrativa; leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); vacinação; e acesso a dados. As decisões dentro de cada um desses temas foram analisadas para entender quais questões foram decididas pelo STF e como foram julgadas. A organização e a análise de 253 decisões nos permitem chegar, com nuances e detalhes, a algumas conclusões gerais sobre o papel da Corte em matéria de medidas para prevenção e tratamento da covid-19: parte significativa das decisões foi monocrática e em sede de liminar, o STF buscou proteger a capacidade de entes estaduais responderem à covid-19, foram manifestadas opiniões críticas à atuação do governo federal, em diversos casos houve explícita sobreposição entre questões formais de competência federativa e avaliações substantivas sobre a melhor política, e houve hesitação do STF em determinar a realização de medidas muito complexas para o combate à pandemia de covid-19. (STF covid19. covid19 covid 19. 19 covid-19 artificial assunto social máscara administrativa UTI (UTI) vacinação julgadas 25 chegar detalhes liminar covid19, 19, federal política covid1 1 covid-1 (UTI 2 covid-

Abstract This article analyses the case-law of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) in relation to the policies for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19. With the support of data science and artificial intelligence, the STF´s decisions were systematically and exhaustively collected. These decisions were organized and classified into the following topics: social distancing, miscellaneous responses to Covid-19, face covering, requisition of private property, ICU beds, vaccination, and access to information. The organization and analysis of 253 judgments allow us to draw, with nuance and in detail, the following conclusions: an important share of the STF´s decisions was preliminary injunctions and made by a single Justice, the Court sought to protect the capacity of local governments to respond to the pandemic, some decisions show a critical attitude of the Court in relation to the federal government, in many cases there is an explicit overlap between the formal assessment of which federal entity (the federal government, state governments or municipal governments) has the authority to decide an issue and the substantive analysis of which policy should be implemented, and the STF has been hesitant to order complex measures for responding to the Covid-19 pandemic. caselaw case law (STF Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 intelligence STFs s collected topics distancing Covid19, 19, covering property beds vaccination information 25 draw detail conclusions Justice pandemic government implemented Covid-1 Covid1 1 2 Covid-

RESUMO Introdução A lesão esportiva é uma lesão comum entre os tenistas profissionais, em comparação com outros esportes. Métodos atualizados de reabilitação podem acelerar a recuperação dos jogadores e garantir um retorno à atividade esportiva. Porém o monitoramento das práticas de reabilitação contemporâneas carece de relatórios atualizados. Objetivo Explorar o monitoramento da função e métodos de recuperação dos jogadores de tênis durante o treinamento de reabilitação após uma lesão. Métodos O tenista foi submetido a capsulotomia artroscópica da articulação do tornozelo esquerdo, remoção de corpo livre e sinovectomia. Foram monitorados a composição corporal do atleta, rotina sanguínea, bioquímica sanguínea, indicadores nutricionais e indicadores fisiológicos. Esses dados foram coletados antes, durante e ao final dos 4 meses (6-10 meses) de reabilitação após a operação. Resultados 1 mês após a operação, o peso e a massa magra diminuíram significativamente, aumentando a porcentagem de gordura corporal; o ritmo cardíaco estático aumentou significativamente (P<0,05). 3 meses após a cirurgia, a massa magra do atleta aumentou significativamente para 43,7 kg, a porcentagem de gordura corporal caiu para 24,5% (P<0,05); a hemoglobina, o ferro sérico, a proteína total e a albumina melhoraram. Na reabilitação durante o mês de outubro, a rotina sanguínea e os índices bioquímicos do sangue foram normais; a frequência cardíaca em repouso, com carga mantida e de recuperação diminuiu significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusão Os tenistas devem começar o monitoramento das funções, treinamento de reabilitação e recuperação nutricional o mais rápido possível após uma cirurgia na articulação do tornozelo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Sports injury is a common injury among professional tennis players compared to other sports. Updated rehabilitation methods can accelerate players’ recovery and ensure a return to sporting activity. However, contemporary rehabilitation monitoring practices want updated reporting. Objective Monitoring tennis players’ function and recovery methods during rehabilitation training after injury. Methods The tennis player underwent arthroscopic capsulotomy of the left ankle joint, free body removal, and synovectomy. The athlete’s body composition, blood routine, biochemistry, nutritional indices, and physiological indicators were monitored. Data were collected before, during, and at the end of the four months (6-10 months) of rehabilitation after the operation. Results 1 month after the operation, weight and lean mass decreased significantly; body fat percentage increased; static heart rate increased significantly (P<0.05). Three months after surgery, the athlete’s lean mass increased significantly to 43.7 kg; body fat percentage decreased to 24.5% (P<0.05); hemoglobin, serum iron, total protein, and albumin improved; in rehabilitation during October, blood routine and biochemical blood indices were regular; Resting, maintained-load and recovery heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Tennis players should begin function monitoring, rehabilitation training, and nutritional recovery as soon as possible after ankle joint surgery. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción La lesión deportiva es una lesión común entre los tenistas profesionales en comparación con otros deportes. Los métodos de rehabilitación actualizados pueden acelerar la recuperación de los jugadores y garantizar la vuelta a la actividad deportiva. Sin embargo, el seguimiento de las prácticas contemporáneas de rehabilitación carece de informes actualizados. Objetivo Explorar el seguimiento de la función y los métodos de recuperación de los tenistas durante el entrenamiento de rehabilitación después de una lesión. Métodos El tenista fue sometido a una capsulotomía artroscópica de la articulación del tobillo izquierdo, a la extracción del cuerpo libre y a la sinovectomía. Se controló la composición corporal del atleta, la rutina sanguínea, la bioquímica sanguínea, los indicadores nutricionales y los indicadores fisiológicos. Estos datos se recogieron antes, durante y al final de los 4 meses (6-10 meses) de rehabilitación tras la operación. Resultados 1 mes después de la operación, el peso y la masa magra disminuyeron significativamente, aumentando el porcentaje de grasa corporal; la frecuencia cardíaca estática aumentó significativamente (P<0,05). 3 meses después de la operación, la masa magra de la atleta aumentó significativamente hasta 43,7 kg, el porcentaje de grasa corporal disminuyó hasta el 24,5% (P<0,05); la hemoglobina, el hierro sérico, la proteína total y la albúmina mejoraron. En el periodo de entrenamiento de rehabilitación en el mes de octubre, la rutina sanguínea y los índices bioquímicos sanguíneos fueron normales; la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo, con carga mantenida y en recuperación disminuyó significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión Los jugadores de tenis deben comenzar el control de la función, el entrenamiento de rehabilitación y la recuperación nutricional lo antes posible después de la cirugía de la articulación del tobillo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Resumo Introdução O tratamento do microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide permanece controverso. A metástase em linfonodos centrais é comum e é uma consideração importante na seleção da estratégia de tratamento. Objetivo Investigar os fatores de risco clínico-patológicos e as características ultrassonográficas de nódulos tireoidianos para metástase em linfonodos centrais em microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide. Método Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados de 599 pacientes com microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide submetidos à cirurgia de 2005 a 2017 em uma única instituição. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram usadas para identificar os fatores clínico-patológicos e as características ultrassonográficas pré-operatórias das metástases em linfonodos centrais. Uma análise de curva ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) foi feita para identificar a eficácia das características ultrassonográficas na previsão dessas metástases. Um nomograma baseado nos fatores de risco foi estabelecido para prever a metástase em linfonodos centrais. Resultados A incidência de metástase em linfonodos centrais foi de 22,4%. As análises univariadas e multivariadas sugeriram que sexo, idade, multifocalidade, invasão extratireoidiana e metástase em linfonodos laterais eram fatores de risco independentes para a metástase em linfonodos centrais. As análises univariadas e multivariadas revelaram que o formato nodular, a margem e a calcificação estavam independentemente associadas à metástase em linfonodos centrais. A análise da curva ROC mostrou que a combinação do formato, margem e calcificação apresentou excelente precisão na previsão dessas metástases. O nomograma foi desenvolvido com base nos fatores de risco identificados para predizer a metástase em linfonodos centrais e a análise do gráfico de calibração indicou o bom desempenho e a utilidade clínica do nomograma. Conclusões Em pacientes com microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide, metástase em linfonodos centrais está associado ao sexo masculino, menor idade ( < 45 anos), invasão extratireoidiana, multifocalidade e presença de metástase em linfonodos laterais. As características ultrassonográficas, como formato irregular, margem mal definida e calcificação, podem melhorar a eficácia da previsão de metástase em linfonodos centrais. Cirurgiões e radiologistas devem ficar mais atentos aos pacientes que apresentam esses fatores de risco. O nomograma pode ajudar a orientar a tomada de decisão cirúrgica para o microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide.

Abstract Introduction The treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma remains controversial. Central lymph node metastasis is common in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and it is an important consideration in treatment strategy selection. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic risk factors and thyroid nodule sonographic characteristics for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 599 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2017 at a single institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic factors and preoperative sonographic features of central lymph node metastasis. A receiver-operating characteristic, ROC curve analysis, was performed to identify the efficacy of ultrasonographic features in predicting central lymph node metastasis. A nomogram based on the risk factors was established to predict central lymph node metastasis. Results The incidence of central lymph node metastasis was 22.4%. The univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that gender, age, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, and lateral lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that nodular shape, margin, and calcification were independently associated with central lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of shape, margin and calcification had excellent accuracy in predicting central lymph node metastasis. The nomogram was developed based on the identified risk factors for predicting central lymph node metastasis, and the calibration plot analysis indicated the good performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. Conclusions Central lymph node metastasis is associated with male gender, younger age (<5 years), extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality and lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients. The ultrasongraphic features, such as irregular shape, ill-defined margin and calcification, may improve the efficacy of predicting central lymph node metastasis. Surgeons and radiologists should pay close attention to the patients who have these risk factors. The nomogram may help guide surgical decision making in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Abstract To investigate effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on body length, weight and depression-like behavior of prenatal stress (PS) offspring rats. PS rat model was established by restraint stress. Sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were performed. Moreover, the effects of HFD on the growth and depression-like behavior in offspring rats were observed. Length of male and female HF group was significantly longer than that control, but length of male PS+HF group was significantly shorter than HF group. Body weight of male and female HF group was significantly higher than control, and body weight of male PS+HF group was significantly lower than HF group. No significant differences were observed in length between female PS +HF and HF groups. Compared with male PS+HF group, growth rate of male HF group was significantly higher. Moreover, HFD could reduce sucrose preference, and prolong immobility time of PS offspring rats. HFD can promote weight gain of male and female normal offspring rats. PS can partially inhibit effects of HFD on weight gain of PS male offspring rats, but exert no significant effects on PS female offspring rats. HFD can aggravate PS-induced depression-like behavior in offspring rats.

Abstract As an indispensable and crucial part of the Moutai-flavored liquor production process, stacking fermentation facilitates the accumulation of various microbiota as microbial materials in fermented grains used for liquor making. The diversity of and dynamic changes in highly complex microbiota during this fermentation phase were investigated by characterizing microbial communities through high-throughput sequencing with an Illumina PE300 platform. Through community composition and differentially abundant analyses, 12 key bacteria and 12 key fungi were identified, which contributed to major variations in community succession. Bacillus and Saccharomyces were overrepresented in the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. In addition, differentially abundant analyses showed that the key microbiota were mainly structured from the early period to the middle period of fermentation and functional populations showed a large accumulation in later periods. Further, endogenous factors showed changing trends, and their potential correlations and varied interactions with the key microbiota were explored through PLS-DA modeling. All the findings in the current study enhances knowledge of complex key microbiota in stacking fermentation and provides theoretical support for optimizing microbial structures through the regulation of endogenous factors and improving fermentative quality.

Abstract This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of neuronal axonal lesions caused by high glucose, and to investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on neuronal axon damage with in vitro models. A rat model of type II diabetic encephalopathy was established, and the rats were treated with LBP for 10 weeks. Morris water maze experiment was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability. Neuronal axon lesions were measured by in vivo neuron tracing experiment. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot technology were employed to detect protein localization and expression. Combined with in vitro primary neuron culture, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the effects of high glucose and LBP on neuronal axon transport. PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and an activator of insulin signaling pathway were used to investigate the possible molecular mechanism. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that in the hippocampus tissue of STZ-induced type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, neuronal axons were damaged, accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which subsequently resulted in axonal transport damage and cognition dysfunction. LBP significantly reduced peripheral blood glucose and serum insulin levels in type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, thereby alleviating peripheral insulin resistance. At the same time, LBP can significantly improve the learning and memory impairment and brain neuron axon pathology in model rats. LY294002 treatment can effectively block the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The phosphorylation level of Tau protein in the LY294002+ LBP treatment group is higher than that of the LBP intervention group, while the insulin treatment can effectively reverse the blocking effect of LY294002 on LBPs. LBP can reduce the phosphorylation level of Tau protein by up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, with a protective effect on neuronal axon damage, thereby improving the cognitive function performance of type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats.

Abstract Perilla seed oil riched in the ω-3 fatty acid especially α-linolenic acid, is associated with a beneficial role in human health. In the present study, Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) of crude oil from Perilla seeds was investigated. The extraction parameters of Perilla seed oil including enzyme type, solid-to-water ratio, pH, temperature, enzyme loading and hydrolysis time were determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The RSM results showed the optimum extraction enzyme for Perilla oil was plant protein hydrolysate complex enzyme. The optimized values of solid-to-water ratio, pH, temperature, enzyme loading, and hydrolysis time for extracting oil from perilla seeds respectively were 1:4, 6, 55 °C, 2% and 4.5 h. Under the conditions, the maximum oil recovery of perilla oil was 88.52%, perilla seed oil extracted by AEE possessed a high extraction yield.

Abstract Machine learning (ML) featured on its ability of learning and extracting features from a large set of data and automatically building statistical models. Through cooperation with intelligent sensors, which is designed to imitate human organs to analyze the sensory characteristics of foods, ML-based intelligent sensory systems such as electronic nose (E-nose) and electronic tongue (E-tongue) are developed for sensing applications in food industry. Consumption of alcohol beverages keep growing worldwide in recent years and fraudulent activities are stimulated due to the high price of alcoholic drinks, which motivates the application of intelligent sensory technology with high efficiency and accuracy for real-time quality control. Thus, this paper firstly summarizes the novel intelligent sensors that is suitable for sensory evaluation and the advanced ML algorithms used to create intelligent systems. Then the paper describes the mechanism of commercial ML-enabled intelligent devices and summarizes their practical sensing applications on the real-time quality control of a variety of alcoholic beverages, in term of detection of frauds and adulterations, aroma analysis, monitoring of the production process, and correlation with human sensory perception. Finally, the potential applications and future opportunities of ML-enabled intelligent sensor systems in the alcohol industry are discussed.

ABSTRACT Pervious asphalt concrete (PAC) pavement is an environmentally friendly type of pavement due to its highly porous structure. However, with the increase in the service life of PAC, small substances such as damaged rubber particles, industrial dust, sand, and grease collected in rainwater infiltrate the voids of PAC so that it loses its original pervious structure and functions. In order to explore the effects of chemical pore-clearing methods on the infiltration rate of blocked PAC pores in the present study, chemical agents such as sodium hydroxide solution (H2O2) and hydrogen peroxide (NaOH) solution were used to rinse the voids in PAC specimens obtained from field sampling and laboratory preparation. The effectiveness of different chemical pore-clearing methods in restoring the permeability and stability of PAC was evaluated by water infiltration rate measurements, Cantabro abrasion tests, and CT scanning. The results showed that the capability of H2O2 solution to restore PAC porosity was greater than that of tap water and NaOH solution, especially when the H2O2 content in the solution was 6%. In addition, the decomposition products of H2O2 are oxygen and water, which are environmentally friendly products, this method proved highly effective in preventing groundwater contamination from pavement-cleansing chemical solutions.

Abstract Objectives Diabetes has been strongly associated with periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are closely associated with various diseases caused by abnormal ECM functions, however, the role of LOXs in periodontal diseases induced by diabetes remains unclear. Methodology In this study, 8-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. After 9 and 16 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results After 9 weeks, loose collagen fibers were found in the interradicular area of the diabetic group, in opposition to the control group. There were no significant differences in LOX expression between the diabetic and control groups (p>0.05). However, after 16 weeks, the diabetic group presented a disordered arrangement of the PDL, showing decreased collagen content and significantly increased lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 (LOXL3) expression when compared with the control group (p<0.05). This suggests that LOXL3 plays a significant role in periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our study showed elevated LOXL3 expression in the PDL of diabetic rats after 16 weeks, suggesting that LOXL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. LOXL3 could be further used as an indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic periodontitis in T2DM patients in clinical settings.