Abstract Objective To investigate the indoor environmental risk factors to provide measures for the prevention and control of otitis in preschool children. Method In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was administered to preschool children aged 2-7 years from 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi City in August 2019. Multiple regression was run to predict influence factors for otitis media in preschool children. Result A total of 8153 valid questionnaires were collected. After adjusting for age, the prevalence of otitis among preschool children in Urumqi was 13.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that previous antibiotic treatment, treatment with one to two antibiotics before 1 year of age, presence of walls with aqueous or latex paint, use of carpet floor bedding in rooms, newly decorated homes of mothers before pregnancy, purchase of new furniture for homes of children at 0-1 year of age, and presence of flowering plants in the residence of children at 0-1 years of age were all identified as risk factors for the development of otitis in children. Conclusion Parents should also pay attention to indoor living environments, and reduce indoor renovation in the homes of children during their growth and development, which can positively improve children's indoor living environment, thus effectively preventing otitis in preschool children.

RESUMO Introdução O fortalecimento da pesquisa sobre a avaliação de risco da função cardíaca nos esportes de corrida é benéfico para prevenir lesões cardiovasculares e mortes súbitas relacionadas com o esporte. Objetivo Estudar as alterações na resposta cardiovascular dos atletas após corridas de longa distância. Métodos Foram monitoradas alterações nos indicadores de resposta cardiovascular dos corredores de longa distância antes e depois da corrida de cinco quilômetros. Entre os índices analisados estão a frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, hemoglobina e índice de função cardíaca. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, e níveis de hemoglobina antes e depois da corrida de longa distância (P>0.05). Não houve diferença significativa na proporção de arritmia sinusal antes e depois da corrida de longa distância (P>0.05). Conclusão A corrida de longa distância não causou mudanças anormais nos indicadores sanguíneos. Não foram relatados desconfortos cardiovasculares ou alterações em eletrocardiograma, ritmo cardíaco, pressão arterial, hemoglobina e índice de função cardíaca. Esses jovens não estavam alistados, apesar de passarem por treino adaptativo. Conclui-se que o treino em corridas de cinco quilômetros é seguro para homens jovens na reserva. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Strengthening research on cardiac function risk assessment in running sports is beneficial to prevent sport-related cardiovascular injuries and sudden deaths in sports. Objective To study changes in cardiovascular response in athletes after long-distance running. Methods Changes in cardiovascular response indicators of long-distance runners before and after the five-kilometer race were monitored. Analyzed indices included heart rate, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and a cardiac function index. Results There were no statistically significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, and hemoglobin levels before and after the long-distance run (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of sinus arrhythmia before and after long-distance running (P>0.05). Conclusion Long-distance running did not cause abnormal changes in blood indicators. No cardiovascular discomfort or changes in the electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and cardiac function index were reported. These young men were not enlisted, despite undergoing adaptive training. In conclusion, the five-kilometer run is safe for young men in the reserve. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción Reforzar la investigación sobre la evaluación del riesgo de la función cardíaca en los deportes de carrera es beneficioso para prevenir las lesiones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el deporte y las muertes súbitas en el mismo. Objetivo Estudiar los cambios en la respuesta cardiovascular de los atletas después de correr largas distancias. Métodos Se han monitorizado los cambios en los indicadores de respuesta cardiovascular de los corredores de larga distancia antes y después de la carrera de cinco kilómetros. Entre los índices analizados estaban la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la hemoglobina y el índice de función cardíaca. Resultados No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial y los niveles de hemoglobina antes y después de la carrera de larga distancia (P>0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en la proporción de arritmia sinusal antes y después de la carrera de larga distancia (P>0,05). Conclusión Las carreras de larga distancia no causaron cambios anormales en los indicadores sanguíneos. No se registraron molestias cardiovasculares ni cambios en el electrocardiograma, la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la hemoglobina y el índice de función cardíaca. Estos jóvenes no se alistaron, a pesar de que se sometieron a un entrenamiento de adaptación. Se concluye que el entrenamiento en carreras de cinco kilómetros es seguro para los jóvenes de la reserva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

RESUMO Introdução O salto de corda é um exercício aeróbico que exige pouco tempo e consome muita energia, não requerendo grande espaço físico ou altos investimentos. Apesar de numerosos estudos na literatura sobre seus benefícios à curto e médio prazo, as respostas à longo prazo ainda são inconclusivas. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos à longo prazo no treino de saltar corda sobre a saúde física dos atletas. Métodos Foi efetuado um estudo duplo cego randomizando prévio ao protocolo de atividades de educação física regulares. O grupo experimental diferenciou-se por praticar um protocolo específico de salto de corda à longo prazo. Interferências de fatores externos foram controladas durante as 12 semanas do experimento. A análise de dados, observação de alterações nos indicadores de aptidão física e controle estatístico foram discutidos. Resultados O tempo médio para corrida de 50 metros foi de 8,85s contra 9,63s antes do experimento. Um ganho de 0,78s, representando um aumento de 8% sobre a velocidade, o valor médio das meninas antes do experimento era de 9,62s contra 9,18s após o experimento. O ganho de 0,44 segundos, representou um aumento de 4,6%. A percepção de bem estar foi aprimorada e houve uma redução no número de lesões sobre o grupo controle. Conclusão O treino de saltar corda a longo prazo mostrou-se benéfico ao melhorar a aptidão física e reduzir as lesões dos atletas, e tem o potencial de tornar-se uma opção viável para os treinos de educação física. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Jumping rope is an aerobic exercise that requires little time, consumes a high energy level, and does not require sizeable physical space or high investments. Although there are extensive studies in the literature on its short- and medium-term benefits, long-term responses are still inconclusive. Objective Explore the long-term effects of jump rope training on the physical health of athletes. Methods A randomized study was conducted before the protocol of regular physical education activities. The experimental group was differentiated by practicing a specific long-term jump rope protocol. Interferences of external factors were controlled during the 12 weeks of the experiment. Data analysis, observation of changes in fitness indicators, and statistical control were discussed. Results The mean time for a 50-meter run was 8.85s versus 9.63s before the experiment. A gain of 0.78s, representing an 8% increase over the speed. The girls’ mean value before the experiment was 9.62s versus 9.18s after the experiment. The gain of 0.44 seconds represented an increase of 4.6%. Well-being perception was improved with injuries reduction over the control group. Conclusion Long-term jump rope training has been shown to improve fitness and reduce injuries in athletes and has the potential to become a viable option for physical education training. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción Saltar la cuerda es un ejercicio aeróbico que requiere poco tiempo y consume mucha energía, no necesita un gran espacio físico ni altas inversiones. Aunque existen amplios estudios en la literatura sobre sus beneficios a corto y medio plazo, las respuestas a largo plazo aún no son concluyentes. Objetivo Explorar los efectos a largo plazo del entrenamiento de saltar la cuerda en la salud física de los atletas. Métodos Se realizó un estudio aleatorio previo al protocolo de actividades regulares de educación física. El grupo experimental se diferenció por la práctica de un protocolo específico de equilibrio de cuerda a largo plazo. Las interferencias de los factores externos se controlaron durante las 12 semanas del experimento. Se analizaron los datos, la observación de los cambios en los indicadores de aptitud y el control estadístico. Resultados El tiempo medio para la carrera de 50 metros fue de 8,85s en comparación con los 9,63s antes del experimento. Una ganancia de 0,78s, que representa un aumento del 8% sobre la velocidad, el valor medio de las jóvenes antes del experimento era de 9,62s frente a 9,18s después del experimento. La ganancia de 0,44 segundos, representó un aumento del 4,6%. La percepción de bienestar mejoró y se redujo el número de lesiones con respecto al grupo de control. Conclusión El entrenamiento de salto de cuerda a largo plazo ha demostrado ser beneficioso para mejorar la forma física y reducir las lesiones en los atletas, y tiene el potencial de convertirse en una opción viable para el entrenamiento de la educación física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the preparation-process parameters on calcium propionate from eggshell. Box-Behnken was used for experimental design and the optimal combination of the preparation-process parameters for preparing calcium propionate was analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to the second-order polynomial equation, and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. The results show that optimum preparation conditions of calcium propionate were as follows: reaction temperature of 85 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:16, propionic acid concentration 176.00%, ultrasonic power of 135 W, ultrasonic time of 1.4 min, primary reaction time of 1.0 h and second reaction time 64.00 min. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the experimental yield of calcium propionate was 96.12%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the relationship between skipping breakfast and physical fitness in a group of school-aged adolescents in China. METHODS: This cross-sectional study from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) survey in Ningbo, China, used a standardized questionnaire to assess the frequency of breakfast consumption. Physical fitness was measured through standing long jump, 50-m sprint, 1,000 (or 800)-m run, and vital capacity tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and physical fitness. RESULTS: Our study included a total of 1,849 school-aged adolescents (aged 15.53±1.80 years). Among boys, non-breakfast-skippers had good scores for 50-m sprints, 1,000-m run, and vital capacity tests when compared with breakfast skippers (all p<0.05). Among girls, non-breakfast-skippers had a good scores for the standing long jump test compared with breakfast skippers (p=0.003). The multiple linear regression model showed that not skipping breakfast was positively associated with vital capacity (β=-173.78, p=0.004) and inversely associated with 50-m sprint (β=-0.12, p=0.018) and 1,000-m run times (β=-8.08, p=0.001) in boys. CONCLUSION: The results of this cross-sectional study revealed that skipping breakfast might be associated with lower physical fitness in Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years, especially boys. Breakfast consumption should be promoted among Chinese school-aged boys.

Abstract Coke formation inside radiant coils is one of the main problems during thermal cracking of hydrocarbons. The on-line preparation of the coating for coking inhibition is a promising technology because it provides more flexibility to the operators on site. The SiO2/S coating was prepared on the inner surface of coils in an 8-year-served GK-VI industrial cracking furnace. The effects of the coating preparation process on the operation of TLE were studied. The coking rates of the tube with and without coating preparation were evaluated by the trend change of tube metal temperature. Simulations of the coating deposition process were further carried out using the computational fluid dynamics approach. The results showed that a significant temperature increase at the outlets of TLEs during coating preparation were due to the accumulation of SiO2 and S in a loose form under the TLE operating conditions when the concentration of coating precursors was 7500 ppm (wt. %). In the three tests, coating precursors were mainly completely consumed in tubes and TLEs. For the coated tube, the run time was extended by 4-7 days because the catalytic coking was decreased. No significant changes in the distribution of products and molar yields of main products were observed. In the simulations, it was found that increasing the inlet flow rate led to a more uniform thickness and improved the mass content of sulfur in the coating. In the tube bend section, circumferential nonuniformities for the deposition were due to circumferential differences in the temperatures and mass fractions. The mass fraction of S in the coating was within the range of 0.02%-0.1%. The control step for the SiO2/S coating deposition was kinetic. Based on the simulation results, the optimized coating preparation parameters were determined, i.e., the inlet flow rate of 15t/h, the outlet temperature of 1093K and the inlet mass concentration of 3000 ppm (wt. %).

Background: Reduced-representation sequencing technology is widely used in genotyping for its economical and efficient features. A popular way to construct the reduced-representation sequencing libraries is to digest the genomic DNA with restriction enzymes. A key factor of this method is to determine the restriction enzyme(s). But there are few computer programs which can evaluate the usability of restriction enzymes in reduced-representation sequencing. SimRAD is an R package which can simulate the digestion of DNA sequence by restriction enzymes and return enzyme loci number as well as fragment number. But for linkage mapping analysis, enzyme loci distribution is also an important factor to evaluate the enzyme. For phylogenetic studies, comparison of the enzyme performance across multiple genomes is important. It is strongly needed to develop a simulation tool to implement these functions. Results: Here, we introduce a Perl module named RestrictionDigest with more functions and improved performance. It can analyze multiple genomes at one run and generate concise comparison of enzyme performance across the genomes. It can simulate single-enzyme digestion, double-enzyme digestion and size selection process and generate comprehensive information of the simulation including enzyme loci number, fragment number, sequences of the fragments, positions of restriction sites on the genome, the coverage of digested fragments on different genome regions and detailed fragment length distribution. Conclusions: RestrictionDigest is an easy-to-use Perl module with flexible parameter settings. With the help of the information produced by the module, researchers can easily determine the most appropriate enzymes to construct the reduced-representation libraries to meet their experimental requirements.

This paper presents an adaptive imaging technique run on a mobile service system for endoscopic image enhancement by using color transform and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) for a single input endoscopy image. The method is simply deal with the color image channels combination which chose the maximum scalar values of red, green and blue channel images, respectively. The GLCM subsequently applied for selecting the highest contrast and entropy images of the expanding image series. The enhanced endoscopy image is generated by fusing of the color, contrast and entropy images. We also proposed a service system with medical image retrieval application via quick response code authentication based on the Android operating system, which helps clinicians convenient in using mobile phone and reviewing images of the patient with cost efficiency. For the mobile technologies are growing rapidly, the mobile service system is installed to connect a Picture Archive and Communication Systems (PACS) system in hospital and applied for automatic evaluation of colon images screening. The experimental results show the proposed system is efficient for observing gastrointestinal tract polyp. The performance is evaluated and compared with Fujinon intelligent chromo endoscopy enhanced method.

In the traditional run-to-run (R2R) control scheme, the controller provides the feedback strategy, enabling each run of process output to remain as close to the target as possible. However, in practice this process encounters bottlenecks if all the runs are started with a control parameter adjustment, as this will increase process variation in the stable process. In this paper, an improved R2R control scheme is developed to add an adjustments limitation technique to both the EWMA controller and the self-tuning controller. From the simulation, analysis of the results shows that the proposed procedure can effectively reduce the frequency of controller adjustments, without affecting the capability of the original controller. Therefore, in practical applications, the proposed control framework can be used to prevent the problem of process over-control.

In 'n lot-tot-lot beheerskema, verskaf die beheerder tradisioneel terugvoer sodat elke proseslopie so na as moontlik aan die teiken is. In die praktyk ervaar hierdie proses egter opeenhopings wanneer al die lopies begin is met 'n beheerparameter verstelling, aangesien dit prosesvariasie in 'n andersins stabiele proses veroorsaak. In hierdie artikel word 'n verbeterde lot-tot-lot beheerskema ontwikkel om 'n limiet-verstellingstegniek tot die eksponensieelgeweegde bewegende gemiddeld beheerder (EGBG) en die selfverstellende beheerder by te voeg. Die simulasieresultate toon dat die voorgestelde prosedure die frekwensie van beheerderverstellings effektief kan verminder sonder om die vermoë van die oorspronklike beheerder te affekteer. Die voorgestelde beheerraamwerk kan dus in die praktyk gebruik word om proses oorbeheer te voorkom.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that economic recessions lead to reduced global development assistance for health (DAH). METHODS: Data obtained from the Creditor Reporting System of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for 15 OECD countries were used to model the percentage change (relative difference) in commitments and disbursements for DAH as a function of three measures of economic recession: recessionary year (as a dummy variable with 0 for no recession and 1 for recession), percentage change in per capita gross domestic product and percentage point change in unemployment rate for recessionary cycles from 1975 through 2007. We looked for an association both during the concurrent recessionary year and one and two years later. FINDINGS: No statistically significant association was found in the short or long run between measures of economic recession and the amount of official DAH committed or disbursed. CONCLUSION: Any important decrease in overall DAH following the current economic recession would have little historical precedent and claims of inevitability would be unjustifiable.

OBJETIVO: Comprobar la hipótesis de que las recesiones económicas conllevan una disminución de la ayuda mundial para el desarrollo destinada a la salud (ADS). MÉTODOS: Se emplearon los datos obtenidos a través del Sistema de Información Creditor de la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), procedentes de 15 países miembros de la OCDE, para determinar la variación porcentual (diferencia relativa) de los compromisos y desembolsos para la ADS, como una función de las tres medidas de la recesión económica: el año de la recesión (como una variable simulada en la que el 0 corresponde a la ausencia de recesión y el 1 a la recesión), la variación porcentual del producto interior bruto per capita y la variación en puntos porcentuales de la tasa de desempleo en los ciclos de recesión entre 1975 y 2007. Hemos buscado una asociación durante el año de recesión concurrente y durante uno y dos años después. RESULTADOS: No se observó ninguna asociación estadísticamente significativa a corto o largo plazo entre las medidas de la recesión económica y el volumen de ADS oficial comprometida o desembolsada. CONCLUSIÓN: Cualquier descenso considerable en la ADS mundial tras la actual recesión económica tendría escasos precedentes históricos, por lo que resultaría injustificable afirmar su inevitabilidad.

OBJECTIF: Tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle les récessions économiques entraînent une diminution de l'assistance au développement sanitaire (ADS) mondiale. MÉTHODES: Les données provenant du système de notification des pays créanciers (SNPC) de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) de 15 pays de l'OCDE ont été utilisées pour modéliser la variation en pourcentage (différence relative) dans les engagements et les déboursements en matière d'ADS en tant que fonction des trois mesures de la récession économique: l'année de la récession (en tant que variable indicatrice avec 0 pour une absence de récession et 1 pour une récession), la variation en pourcentage dans le PIB par habitant et la variation en points de pourcentage dans le taux de chômage pour les cycles de récession de 1975 à 2007. Nous avons recherché une association lors de l'année de la récession simultanée plus une, et deux années plus tard. RÉSULTATS: Aucune association statistiquement significative n'a été constatée sur le court ou le long terme entre les mesures de la récession économique et le montant de l'ADS officiel engagé ou déboursé. CONCLUSION: Toute baisse importante dans l'ADS globale suivant la récession économique actuelle n'aurait que peu d'antécédent historique et toute demande d'inévitabilité ne pourrait être justifiée.

Time-resolved (CW) EPR spectroscopy at X-band has been used to detect free radicals created by H-atom abstraction reactions of photochemically generated carbenes in n-hexadecane solutions at room temperature. Three different carbenes were studied, formed via loss of nitrogen after photo-excitation of a substituted biphenyl diazo precursor. The TREPR signals from two different alkyl radicals and the benzylic-type radical from the carbene are detected for two of the three diazo substrates. The radicals were unambiguously identified by spectral simulation using literature parameters (g-factors and hyper-fine coupling constants). Previous transient optical absorption spectroscopy experiments have concluded that these two carbenes have triplet ground states, which is confirmed by the low field emissive, high field absorptive phase of the TREPR signals reported here. The spectra are strongly spin polarized by the Radical Pair Mechanism of CIDEP, and their overall intensities track with the measured quantum yields for carbene production. A third substrate, known to react via a concerted Wolff reaction or excited state rearrangement via a singlet state, showed no TREPR signal, as expected. Reactions run in acetonitrile, where the spin multiplicity is reversed to give a singlet ground state, did not lead to detectable TREPR signals for all three substrates. The observations are consistent with previously published laser flash photolysis results.

Espectroscopia de resonancia paramagnética electrónica (EPR por las siglas en inglés) fue utilizada para detectar los radicales libres formados mediante reacciones de abstracción de átomos de hidrógeno de diversos carbenos generados fotoquímicamente en soluciones de n-hexano y a temperatura ambiente. En particular, se describe el análisis de tres carbenos que fueron generados por fotoexcitación de un bifenilo con dos grupos diazo. Se identificaron señales EPR de dos radicales alquilo y uno bencílico. La estructura de dichos radicales se confirmó mediante un proceso de simulación computacional utilizando parámetros espectroscópicos (factores-g, constantes de acoplamiento hiperfino) reportados en la literatura. Experimentos previos de absorción óptica han llevado a la conclusión de que los carbenos estudiados presentan un estado basal de tipo triplete, lo que se confirma al observar las señales EPR de emisión a campo bajo pero de absorción a campo alto. Además, se encontró que los espectros presentan un espín fuertemente polarizado como consecuencia de un mecanismo CIDEP, y que la intensidad de las señales está relacionada con los rendimientos cuánticos asociados a la producción de los carbenos iniciales. Como era de esperarse, un tercer sustrato, que reacciona vía una reacción concertada de tipo Wolff a través de un reordenamiento del intermediario singulete producido en el estado excitado, no dio lugar a ninguna señal EPR. Así mismo, cuando las reacciones de los tres carbenos se llevan a cabo en acetonitrilo, la multiplicidad del espín se invierte de modo que se genera un estado basal.singulete, por lo que no se observan señales EPR. Los resultados descritos en este trabajo son consistentes con aquellos obtenidos mediante fotólisis láser.