RESUMO: Descrevem-se os dados epidemiológicos e quadro clínico-patológico de cinco surtos de intoxicação cianogênica em bovinos que ingeriram espontaneamente grama estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. ‘Florico’). Em todos os surtos, as áreas onde a planta se encontrava haviam sido previamente adubadas com altas concentrações de nitrogênio e as propriedades adotavam o sistema silvipastoril com Eucaliptus sp. Os primeiros sinais clínicos surgiram entre 10 e 15 minutos após a primeira introdução dos bovinos e caracterizou-se por tremores musculares, dispneia, timpanismo moderado, andar cambaleante, respiração forçada com a boca aberta, decúbito esternal seguido de morte após 15 a 30 minutos e/ou, recuperação em poucas horas após início dos sinais. No total, adoeceram 43 vacas e destas 18 morreram. Duas necropsias foram realizadas e não foram encontradas alterações significativas, exceto a presença da planta próxima a região do esfíncter esofágico. Através da microscopia não foram visualizadas lesões histológicas. Folhas verdes da grama estrela foram coletadas de todas as propriedades onde os surtos ocorreram e realizadas o teste do papel picro-sódico, o qual revelou coloração vermelho-tijolo em 20 minutos após maceração das folhas.

ABSTRACT: This study reports the epidemiological data and the clinical-pathological condition of five outbreaks of cyanogenic poisoning in cattle spontaneously ingesting star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. ‘Florico’). In all outbreaks, the areas where the plant was previously fertilized with high concentrations of nitrogen and the properties adopted the silvipastoral system. The first clinical signs appeared between 10 and 15 minutes after the first introduction of cattle and were characterized by muscular tremors, dyspnea, moderate tympanism, staggering gait, forced breathing with open mouth, sternal recumbency followed by death after 15 to 30 minutes and/or recovery in a few hours after the signs started. In total, 43 cows have become ill and 18 died. Two necropsies were performed and no significant changes were found except for the presence of the plant near the esophageal sphincter region. No histological lesions were seen through microscopy. Green leaves of the star grass were collected from all properties where the outbreaks occurred and the test of the picro-sodium paper was performed, revealing red-brick coloration in 20 minutes after maceration of the leaves.

Abstract: Background: Topical antimicrobial drugs are indicated for limited superficial pyodermitis treatment, although they are largely used as self-prescribed medication for a variety of inflammatory dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis. Monitoring bacterial susceptibility to these drugs is difficult, given the paucity of laboratory standardization. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus topical antimicrobial drug resistance in atopic dermatitis patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children and adults diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and S. aureus colonization. We used miscellaneous literature reported breakpoints to define S. aureus resistance to mupirocin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, neomycin and bacitracin. Results: A total of 91 patients were included and 100 S. aureus isolates were analyzed. All strains were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. We found a low prevalence of mupirocin and fusidic acid resistance (1.1% and 5.9%, respectively), but high levels of neomycin and bacitracin resistance (42.6% and 100%, respectively). Fusidic acid resistance was associated with more severe atopic dermatitis, demonstrated by higher EASI scores (median 17.8 vs 5.7, p=.009). Our results also corroborate the literature on the absence of cross-resistance between the aminoglycosides neomycin and gentamicin. Conclusions: Our data, in a southern Brazilian sample of AD patients, revealed a low prevalence of mupirocin and fusidic acid resistance of S. aureus atopic eczema colonizer strains. However, for neomycin and bacitracin, which are commonly used topical antimicrobial drugs in Brazil, high levels of resistance were identified. Further restrictions on the use of these antimicrobials seem necessary to keep resistance as low as possible.

Este artigo tem por finalidade discutir criticamente os aspectos fisiológicos e psicológicos da disfonia funcional psicogênica por puberfonia do tipo muda vocal incompleta, esclarecendo os objetivos da terapia fonoaudiológica e os fatores que podem interferir no prognóstico. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma consulta sistemática a fontes clássicas e atuais da literatura científica nacional e internacional. Com base nos aspectos abordados, foi possível concluir que a conduta fonoaudiológica fundamenta-se em técnicas que visam à diminuição da frequência fundamental a partir do abaixamento da laringe. No entanto, faz-se necessário um trabalho interdisciplinar, visto que as causas deste quadro são predominantemente emocionais.

The purpose of the present article is to discuss the physiological and psychological issues relating to psychogenic functional dysphonia through puberphonia of the mutational voice disorder type, by clarifying the aims of speech therapy and the factors that may intervene in the prognosis. The study was conducted based on a systematic search of national and international scientific literature, both current and classical. Based on the aspects covered, it was possible to conclude that therapeutic behavior is founded on techniques that aim to decrease the fundamental voice frequency based on the lowering of the larynx. However, an interdisciplinary approach is required, in view of the fact that the causes of this situation are predominantly emotional.

Estimou-se a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes dos sistemas de saúde público e privado de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Foram analisados prontuários de 3.573 gestantes de 6 serviços públicos e 16 privados. O nível socioeconômico foi estimado comparando-se o número de gestações. A prevalência geral de HBsAg foi de 0,7%, não diferindo entre os sistemas público e privado (0,64% vs 0,79%; P = 0,603). O número de gestações foi maior nas gestantes do sistema público [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0,0001]. Conclui-se que a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes de Passo Fundo é baixa e independente do nível socioeconômico.

We estimated the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women assisted in public and private health systems of the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Health registers of 3,573 patients assisted in 6 public and 16 private services were analyzed. The socioeconomic level was estimated comparing the number of pregnancies. Overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.7%, being similar comparing public and private systems (0.64 vs 0.79%; P = 0.603). Pregnancy number was higher in patients of the private system [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0.0001]. The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women of Passo Fundo was low and independent of the socioeconomic level.