Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar aspectos sobre os preparativos e as festividades de casamento de descendentes de imigrantes alemães na metade do século XX, no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tal, utilizam-se estudos sobre o ritual do casamento, uma entrevista realizada com o historiador Telmo Lauro Müller e a narrativa de três casais desse grupo étnico, por meio de etnografia, trazendo elementos para ponderações sobre memória, cultura e sociedade.

Abstract: This article aims to present aspects about the preparations and wedding festivities of descendants of German immigrants in the middle of the 20th century, in Rio Grande do Sul. To this end, it was used studies on the ritual of marriage, an interview with the historian Telmo Lauro Müller and the narrative of three couples of this ethnic group, through ethnography, bringing elements to ponder over memory, culture, and society.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar aspectos sobre los preparativos y las festividades de matrimonio de descendientes de inmigrantes alemanes a la mitad del siglo XX en Rio Grande do Sul. Para ello, se utilizan estudios sobre el ritual del matrimonio, una entrevista realizada con el historiador Telmo Lauro Müller y la narrativa de tres parejas de ese grupo étnico, a través de etnografía, trayendo elementos para ponderaciones sobre memoria, cultura y sociedad.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], one of the most important crop species in the world, is very susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress. Soybean plants have developed a variety of molecular mechanisms that help them survive stressful conditions. Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) constitute a family of cell-wall proteins with a variable N-terminal domain and conserved C-terminal domain that is phylogenetically related to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Members of the HyPRP family are involved in basic cellular processes and their expression and activity are modulated by environmental factors. In this study, microarray analysis and real time RT-qPCR were used to identify putative HyPRP genes in the soybean genome and to assess their expression in different plant tissues. Some of the genes were also analyzed by time-course real time RT-qPCR in response to infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust disease. Our findings indicate that the time of induction of a defense pathway is crucial in triggering the soybean resistance response to P. pachyrhizi. This is the first study to identify the soybean HyPRP group B family and to analyze disease-responsive GmHyPRP during infection by P. pachyrhizi.

The sorption of thiamethoxam in a Brazilian Oxisol was determined in soil samples with and without organic matter for two different dephs (0-0.1 and 0.4-0.7 m). The results indicated a predominant sorption of thiamethoxam on soil without organic matter. The following Kd values of 4.25 mL g-1 (0-0.1 m, r² = 0.8534) and 5.30 mL g-1 (0.4-0.7 m, r² = 0.9884) and Kf values, 7.65 mL g-1 (0-0.1 m, r² = 0.9623) and 7.72 mL g-1 (0.4-0.7 m, r² = 0.9775) were obtained. Those sorption coefficient values indicated a small interaction between thiamethoxam for both original soil and soil without organic matter.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o rendimento de grãos e componentes do rendimento de quatro cultivares de arroz irrigado submetidas a diferentes sistemas de cultivo, bem como verificar a concentração de nutrientes na água de drenagem inicial dos sistemas. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 1998/1999 em área de várzea em PLANOSSOLO HIDROMÓRFICO Eutrófico arênico na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS). Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de arroz irrigado (IRGA 417, EL PASO 144, BRS TAIM e EPAGRI 108) em cinco sistemas de cultivo (convencional, cultivo mínimo, pré-germinado, "mix" de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, esquema bifatorial em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A semeadura no sistema convencional e cultivo mínimo foi realizada dia 01 de novembro de 1998 e os sistemas pré-germinado, mix de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas foi realizado dia 18 de novembro de 1998. O rendimento de grãos das cultivares foi influenciado pelos sistemas de cultivo, exceto a EL PASO 144, que apresentou rendimento de grãos semelhante em todos os sistemas. A EPAGRI 108 obteve maior rendimento de grãos com 9.612 kg ha-1sob sistema transplante de mudas. As cultivares de arroz no sistema pré-germinado e mix de pré-germinado apresentaram maior número de panículas por m² e, no transplante de mudas, maior número de grãos por panícula. Independentemente dos sistemas, a cultivar EL PASO 144 obteve maior número de grãos por panícula, e a EPAGRI 108 maior massa de mil grãos. A concentração total de nutrientes na água de drenagem inicial dos sistemas pré-germinado, mix de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas foram similares, sendo verificada a concentração média de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe de 5,02, 2,06, 10,33, 6,38, 3,51 e 2,56 mg l-1, respectivamente.

The main objective of this experiment was to evaluate seed yield and yield components of four irrigated rice cultivars under different management systems, as well as, to measure the concentration of nutrients in the initial drainage water. The research was conducted during the 1998/99 growing season on a lowland area on a PLANOSOIL located at the Federal University of Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. The rice cultivars were IRGA 417, EL PASO 144, BRS TAIM and EPAGRI 108. The management systems were: conventional and minimum tillage and pre-germinated and "mix" of pre-germinated and seedlings transplants. The experimental design was a randomized aplit block with four replications. The conventional and minimum tillage were seeded in November 01st, 1998 and the pre-germinated and mix of pre-germinated and seedlings transplants were estabhished in November 18th, 1998. Seed yield was affected by management system except for the cultivar EL PASO 144 that had the same yield regardless treatments. EPAGRI 108 had the highest average yields, 8349kg ha-1. The highest number of panicles per square meter was observed in the pre-germinated and mix pre-germinated systems. The transplanted seedlings had the highest number of seeds per panicles. Regardless the management systems, EL PASO 144 presented thehighest number of seeds per panicle and EPAGRI 108 the heavier seeds. Nutrient concentration in the initial dreinage water was similar in all systems with average N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe concentrations of 5.02, 2.06, 10.33, 6.38, 3.51 and 2.56 mg l-1, respectively.