ABSTRACT Soils of natural grasslands in the Amazon region play an essential role in local food production and preservation of the Amazon rainforest. However, in general, these soils have high acidity, which limits irrigated rice production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liming and irrigation management on the dynamics of soil reduction, nutrients in the soil solution, nutrition, and aboveground plant biomass in natural fields soil in southern Amazonia, Brazil. The experiment evaluated the correction factors for soil acidity and irrigation management, flooded and saturated soil. The experiment was carried in pots in a greenhouse. Liming reduced the Eh of the soil and had a higher influence than the soil irrigation condition. Liming also had a higher influence on soil pH than irrigation conditions. Liming and saturated soil had the lowest Fe content in the soil solution. Higher Ca and Mg contents were observed in the soil solution under liming and flood irrigation. Thus, liming is an essential strategy to improve chemical conditions for plant development in the soil of natural Amazonian grasslands and can be used in conjunction with saturated irrigation, which is more efficient in using water and reduces the effects of iron toxicity. rainforest However general reduction nutrition Amazonia Brazil greenhouse condition Thus toxicity

RESUMO: Realizou-se um trabalho para avaliar a solubilização e eficiência de uso de nitrogênio (N) de fertilizantes nitrogenados de liberação controlada em arroz irrigado, comparando-os à ureia. O experimento foi realizado sob condições semi-controladas, incluindo os tratamentos: Testemunha, Ureia aplicada de forma parcelada, Ureia aplicada em pré-semeadura e Ureia Recoberta por Polímeros (URP) com tempo de liberação de N de 60 e 90 dias, aplicada em pré-semeadura. As URPs não mantiveram os teores de amônio e nitrato em solução por período superior ao da ureia. A eficiência de uso de N das URPs avaliadas foi semelhante à da ureia não recoberta, não aumentando o tempo de liberação do nutriente em cultivo de arroz irrigado.

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to evaluate the solubilization and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of controlled release nitrogen fertilizers in irrigated rice, compared to urea. It was developed under semi-controlled conditions, including five treatments: Control, Splitted Urea (pre-sowing and topdressing), Pre-sowing urea, and Polymer Coated Urea (PCU) with 60-day and 90-day release. PCUs did not maintain high NH4 + and NO3 - levels in solution over a longer period than urea. NUE of PCUs was similar to uncoated urea, not increasing nutrient release in irrigated rice field.

O tratamento do diabetes gestacional é importante para evitar a morbimortalidade materno-fetal. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o tratamento atualmente disponível para o manejo otimizado da hiperglicemia na gestação e sugerir um algoritmo de tratamento multidisciplinar. A terapia nutricional é a primeira opção de tratamento para as gestantes, e a prática de exercício físico leve a moderado deve ser estimulada na ausência de contraindicações obstétricas. O tratamento medicamentoso está recomendado quando os alvos glicêmicos não são atingidos ou na presença de crescimento fetal excessivo à ultrassonografia. O tratamento tradicional do diabetes gestacional é a insulinoterapia, embora mais recentemente a metformina venha sendo considerada uma opção segura e eficaz. A monitorização do tratamento é realizada com aferição da glicemia capilar e com avaliação da circunferência abdominal fetal por meio de ultrassonografia obstétrica a partir da 28ª semana de gestação.

Effective treatment of gestational diabetes is important as an attempt to avoid unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. The objective of this paper is to describe the available therapies to optimize gestational diabetes treatment and to suggest a multidisciplinary approach algorithm. Nutrition therapy is the first option for the majority of these pregnancies; light to moderate physical activity is recommended in the absence of obstetrical contraindications. Medical treatment is recommended if glycemic control is not achieved or if excessive fetal growth is detected by ultrasound. Insulin is the standard treatment although oral antidiabetic drugs have recently been considered an effective and safe option. The monitoring of gestational diabetes treatment includes capillary glucose measurements and evaluation of fetal abdominal circumference by ultrasound performed around the 28th gestational week.