Abstract Plastic pollution represents a threat to marine ecosystems and has therefore been gaining space in the realm of public interest. In this study, we investigated the ingestion of food and non-food items (i.e., plastic particles) by fish and crabs. These animals are commonly collected by trawling with a double-ring net along the coast of Cananéia, state of São Paulo, Brazil; some of them are consumed as food by the local population. Fish and crab stomachs were removed and dissected, and their contents were examined under a stereoscopic microscope with an image-capturing system. The presence or absence of plastic was also registered. We examined 139 specimens of 16 fish species and 143 specimens of four crab species. The most frequent food items found in fish were unidentified food, followed by crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, and other fish; in crabs, the items were unidentified food, followed by crustaceans, molluscs and fish. Plastic particles were found in all fish species, representing 47.5% of the individuals analysed. In crabs, the incidence of plastic was lower, occurring in only two species (5% in Callinectes danae and 3% in C. ornatus). Only four fish species analysed had previous records of plastic ingestion in the scientific literature. The high incidence of microplastics in our study is worrying because they negatively affect the animals’ lives and can be transferred through the tropic web to top predators, including humans, through the ingestion of contaminated animals.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a percepção da fala em adultos normo-ouvintes na situação de escuta no silêncio e com diferentes tipos de ruídos. Métodos: participaram 40 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, de 18 a 45 anos. Foi realizada a avaliação da percepção de fala com o teste Lista de Sentenças para o Português, sem ruído competitivo e com os ruídos: espectro de fala, babble e cocktail party. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão linear com efeitos mistos e adotado intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: houve pior desempenho dos indivíduos com todos os ruídos em comparação a situação de escuta no silêncio. Na comparação entre os tipos de ruídos, também foi constatado diferença em todas as combinações (espectro de fala X babble, espectro de fala X cocktail party e babble X cocktail party), com pior desempenho dos indivíduos com os ruídos babble e cocktail party, respectivamente. Conclusão: todos os ruídos influenciaram negativamente a percepção de fala, com pior desempenho quando utilizado o ruído babble, seguido pelo cocktail party e espectro de fala.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze speech perception in normally hearing adults when listening in silence and with different types of noise. Methods: 40 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 45 years, participated in the study. Speech perception was assessed with the Lists of Sentences in Portuguese test, without a competing noise and with speech-spectrum, babble, and cocktail party noise. A mixed-effects linear regression model and the 95% confidence interval were used. Results: the subjects’ performance was worse in the three types of noise than in silence. When comparing the types of noise, differences were found in all combinations (speech-spectrum X babble, speech-spectrum X cocktail party, and babble X cocktail party), with a worse performance in babble, noise, followed by cocktail party. Conclusion: all noises negatively influenced speech perception, with a worse performance in babble, followed by cocktail party and speech-spectrum.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre Refluxo laringofaríngeo (RLF) com idade, sexo, desvio vocal e queixas de voz. Método: Participaram do estudo pacientes entre 18 e 70 anos, encaminhados ao serviço de otorrinolaringologia por queixas de voz ou refluxo, de ambos os sexos. Os achados endolaríngeos foram classificados utilizando a escala Reflux Finding Score (RFS). A presença ou não de queixas vocais e de refluxo foi verificada e correlacionada com a classificação RFS. Na mesma data, os pacientes foram submetidos à gravação de voz de vogal sustentada e fala encadeada. A avaliação perceptivo-auditiva foi realizada por uma fonoaudióloga, classificando o grau geral do desvio vocal com base na escala GRBASI. Resultados: Foram avaliados 97 pacientes, com média de idade de 42,6 anos, sendo 62,3% do sexo feminino e média dos escores da escala RFS igual a 6,26 pontos. Do total de pacientes, 48 indivíduos apresentavam queixas vocais, sendo 34 mulheres com idade média de 44,9 anos e escore RFS médio de 6,94 pontos. Os outros 49 indivíduos não apresentavam queixas vocais, e desses 27 eram mulheres, com idade média de 41,2 anos e média de escore RFS igual a 5,5 pontos. As variáveis “queixa de refluxo”, “queixa vocal” e idade foram as que mais se correlacionaram com os escores da escala RFS. Conclusão: Há relação entre queixas de refluxo, achados laríngeos e queixa vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To verify the association between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with age, gender, vocal deviation and voice complaints. Methods: The study included patients between 18 and 70 years old, referred to the Otorhinolaryngology service for complaints of voice or reflux, of both sexes. Endolaryngeal findings were classified using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) scale. The presence or absence of vocal and reflux complaints was verified and correlated with the RFS classification. On the same date, they were submitted to sustained vowel voice recording and chained speech. The auditory-perceptual assessment was performed by a speech therapist, classifying the general degree of vocal deviation based on the GRBASI scale. Results: Ninety-seven patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 42. 6 years, 62. 3% female, and mean RFS scores of 6. 26 points. Among the patients, 48 subjects had vocal complaints, 34 women with a mean age of 44. 9 years and an average RFS score of 6. 94 points. The other 49 individuals had no vocal complaints, and of these 27 were women, with a mean age of 41. 2 years and a mean RFS score of 5. 5 points. The variables “reflux complaint”, “vocal complaint” and age were the ones that most correlated with the RFS scale scores. Conclusion: There is a relationship among reflux complaints, laryngeal findings and vocal complaint.

Abstract INTRODUCTION American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic disease in many regions of Brazil; however, only few reports on the actual epidemiological conditions are available. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of ATL patients and their treatment in the 15th Regional Health Division of Paraná State, Maringá, Brazil. METHODS This epidemiological study included patients diagnosed with ATL from January 2010 to September 2014, from the 15th Regional Health Division database. RESULTS A total of 220 cases aged 3-84 years (85% male and 60.9% with up to 8 years of schooling) were included. The cases were classified as having the cutaneous form (n=183; 83.2%), mucosal form (n=26; 11.8%), mucocutaneous form (n=11; 5%), and relapses (n=21; 9.6%). Diagnosis was made via laboratory test results in 197 (89.5%) patients, and 172 (78.2%) completed the treatment within the study period. With regard to patients with the cutaneous form, 134 (95%) were cured, 131 (97.8%) were treated with Glucantime(r), and 47 (36.7%) received dosage of >15 and <20mg Sb5+/kg/day. Among the cases with mucosal involvement, 87.1% were cured and most were treated with <20mg Sb5+/kg/day. Thus, the cure rate was 93.6%. CONCLUSIONS During the study period in the 15th Regional Health Division of Paraná State, ATL cases had a good response to treatment with a low rate of relapse or treatment failure, although a high percentage of mucosal or mucocutaneous form cases was also noted.

The authors report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a 63-year-old female patient, who had an infiltrated, erythematous-ferruginous plaque of indurated aspect on her right leg and a nonreactive PPD skin test. Diagnosis was made by tissue culture and PCR of skin biopsy material. The treatment was performed with pyrazinamide, rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol, with good response.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o conhecimento sobre cuidados com pacientes com disfagia pela equipe de enfermagem que atua em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, visando à obtenção de um perfil de conhecimento da enfermagem sobre disfagia, e suas implicações para o cuidado dos pacientes internados em UTI que apresentam esta complicação clinica. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo descritivo e comparativo entre dois grupos de profissionais de enfermagem (terapia intensiva e outros setores) que atuam em um Hospital Universitário, que responderam um questionário estruturado com questões sobre disfagia analisadas estatisticamente pelo teste de Fischer e Diferenças de Proporção. RESULTADOS: os profissionais dos dois grupos tinham conhecimento adequado sobre definição e complicações da disfagia, mas não sobre as fases, causas e cuidados específicos referentes à nutrição, medicação e higiene nos casos de disfagia; na auto-avaliação referiram pouco preparo na realização de alguns cuidados a pacientes disfágicos. CONCLUSÕES: a avaliação constatou que existe conhecimento teórico e prático parcial a respeito dos cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes disfágicos, demonstrando a necessidade de educação permanente, especialmente nas terapias intensivas. Sugere-se criação de curso de especialização de enfermagem em disfagia.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the knowledge about the care with dysphagia patients from the nurses who work in intensive care units, in order to evaluate their knowledge about dysphagia, and its implications on intensive care unit patients with this clinical complication. METHOD: a quantitative, descriptive and comparative study between two groups of nurses (intensive care and other sectors) working in a University Hospital, who answered a structured questionnaire with questions about dysphagia which was statistically analyzed by Fischer's test and the Differences in Proportion. RESULTS: professionals in both groups had an adequate knowledge about the definition and complications of dysphagia, but they did not know about the stages, causes and specific care related to nutrition, medication and hygiene in cases of dysphagia, the self-assessment reported lack of training in conducting some procedures to patients with dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: the assessment found that there is a partial theoretical and practical knowledge about nursing care to patients with dysphagia, demonstrating the need for continuing education, especially in intensive care. We suggest the creation of the nursing specialization course in dysphagia.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação do grau de escolaridade, faixa etária e a profissão das mães com a oferta de chupeta e mamadeira a seus filhos MÉTODO: participaram deste estudo 190 mães de crianças entre 0 e 10 anos de idade, com idades de 20 a 45 anos que responderam a um questionário com questões fechadas a respeito de profissão, nível de escolaridade e uso de chupeta e mamadeira de seus filhos RESULTADOS: não foi observada diferença significante entre o grau de escolaridade quanto ao uso de chupeta (p= 0,915). O uso de mamadeira foi significantemente maior nos filhos de mães com ensino superior (p= 0,0124). Não houve diferença significante quanto à faixa etária das mães e a presença desses hábitos nos filhos (chupeta: p=0,427; mamadeira: p=0,427); e, entre mães que trabalham em casa e que trabalham fora de casa (chupeta: p=0,061; mamadeira: p=0,798). Não houve diferença entre mães que trabalham na área da saúde e em outras áreas (chupeta: p=0,339; mamadeira: p=0,455) CONCLUSÃO: as mães com nível superior de escolaridade oferecem significantemente mais mamadeira aos seus filhos, o que não ocorreu quanto ao uso de chupeta. Não foi observada diferença significante quanto ao uso de chupeta e mamadeira em relação à faixa etária e profissão de mães.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the relationships among schooling level, age group and mother profession with offer of pacifier and baby's bottles to your children. METHOD: 190 mothers with ages varying from 20 to 45 having children from 0 to 10 took part in this study. Mothers answered a questionnaire with questions regarding profession, schooling level and use of nipples and baby's bottles by their children. RESULTS: no significant differences were found between mothers having primary or secondary education and mothers with higher education regarding the use of nipples (p= 0.915). On the other hand, baby's bottle use was significantly higher among children of mothers with higher education (p= 0.0124). No significant difference regarding age group of mothers and the presence of these habits in children or between mothers who work in the house and those who work outside as regards the use of nipples (p=0.427; p=0.061) and baby's bottles (p=0.427; p=0.798). We also observed no difference among mothers who work in the health area and those working in other fields (nipples: p=0.339; baby's bottles: p=0.455). CONCLUSION: mothers with higher education offer significantly more baby's bottles to their children, but not nipples. No significant difference was observed as for the use of nipples and baby's bottles as related to age group and mothers' profession.

Este estudo descreve dados preliminares de eletromiografia laríngea (LEMG) e tratamento com toxina botulínica em pacientes com disfonia associada a distúrbios do movimento. Foram estudados 25 pacientes, 19 com distonia laríngea ou disfonia espasmódica, 5 com tremor vocal e 1 com síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. LEMG realizada com eletrodos monopolares, antes da administração de toxina botulínica, foi compatível com distonia em 14 pacientes (normal em 5), sugeriu tremor essencial em 3 e Parkinson em 2. Os diferentes padrões de LEMG e melhora considerável obtida com administração de toxina botulínica instituíram LEMG como rotina no ambulatório de distúrbios do movimento da UNICAMP.

This study describes preliminary laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) data and botulinum toxin treatment in patients with dysphonia due to movement disorders. Twenty-five patients who had been clinically selected for botulinum toxin administration were examined, 19 with suspected laryngeal dystonia or spasmodic dysphonia (SD), 5 with vocal tremor, and 1 with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). LEMG evaluations were performed before botulinum toxin administration using monopolar electrodes. Electromyography was consistent with dystonia in 14 patients and normal in 5, and differences in frequency suggesting essential tremor in 3 and Parkinson tremors in 2. The different LEMG patterns and significant improvement in our patients from botulinum toxin therapy has led us to perform laryngeal electromyography as a routine in UNICAMP movement disorders ambulatory.

Introdução: A eletromiografia (EMG) é utilizada para diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças neuromusculares. Objetivo: avaliar a contribuição da EMG no diagnóstico da imobilidade de prega vocal. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. Material e Método: Para avaliação da contribuição diagnóstica trinta pacientes com imobilidade de prega vocal foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a hipótese diagnóstica firmada clinicamente e submetidos a exame eletromiográfico de laringe. Resultados: A EMGL diagnosticou lesão neuropática periférica, lesão neuropática central ou fixação cricoarinetóidea em todos os casos de prega vocal imóvel sem causa definida. Nos casos de prega vocal imóvel por trauma mecânico definido clinicamente, a EMGL confirmou lesão neuropática periférica em 70% dos casos, e determinou outra causa em 30% (neuropatia por compressão, miopatia e fixação cricoaritenóidea). Nos pacientes com prega vocal imóvel por possível compressão tumoral definida clinicamente, a EMGL confirmou lesão neuropática crônica. Conclusão: A EMGL contribui para a precisão do diagnóstico da imobilidade de prega vocal.

Introdução : Electromyography (EMG) is a technique developed and used in neurology for diagnosis and prognostic definition of neuromuscular diseases. Study design: Clinical prospective. Material and method: Thirty (30) patients with vocal fold immobility have been grouped according to the diagnostic hypothesis clinically established. Results: EMGL diagnosed peripherical neuropathic injury, central neuropathic injury or fixation of the cricoarterytenoideous in all patients who presented vocal fold immobility with no defined cause. In those patients carrying vocal fold immobility on account of mechanical traumatic cause, clinically so defined, EMGL confirmed peripheral neuropathic injury in 70% of the cases and for the remaining 30% of the cases, it determined other causes such as peripheral neuropathic of compression, myopia and fixation of the cricoarterytenoideous. Conclusion: EMGL confirmed a chronic neuropathic injury in those patients carrying vocal fold immobility by virtue of compression caused by a possible clinically defined tumor.