The present work investigates the use of W/WO3 electrodes prepared by electrochemical anodization applied in the photoelectrocatalytic disinfection of Candida parapsilosis using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and visible irradiation. The core objective of this work lies in describing a novel approach involving the use of chloride as supporting electrolyte, aiming at achieving a faster inactivation and towards understanding its behavior in water containing high chloride content. The best experimental conditions were found to be at pH 7.0 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaCl when the photoelectrode was biased at 1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) illuminated by both UV-Vis and visible light. It is suggested that charges photogenerated on the electrode surface give rise preferably to HO•, known to be powerful oxidant that causes the total inactivation of the microorganism (1 min of treatment) while engendering around 84% of mineralization of organic matter released from the cell damage following 120 min of treatment.

The degradation of disperses dyes in aqueous solution and in effluents from textile industry has been investigated by photoelectrocatalytic oxidation using nanoporous thin films electrodes of Ti/TiO2. Samples of dispersil black dye and dispersil blue dye after 300 min of photoelectrolyzed at applied potential of +1.0 V and UV irradiation exhibited 100% of discoloration and 90% and 64% reduction total organic carbon, respectively. The proposed method was applied with success in a textile industry effluent containing residues of these dyes, which after 300 min of treatment leads to reduction of 60% of COD and 64% removal of TOC.

A doença de Chagas é causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) e a detecção de anticorpos anti-T. cruzi no soro é um método para diagnosticar a doença. Neste trabalho, ELISA indireto foi otimizado para a detecção de anticorpos no soro de pacientes com doença de Chagas empregando a proteína Tc85-11 (Ag) da superfície do parasita tripomastigota. Na otimização das condições experimentais foi aplicado planejamento fatorial completo para os parâmetros tempo de incubação, diluições do Ag (0,08 mg mL-1), anticorpo primário (Ac) e anti-IgG conjugada com a peroxidase (Ac*). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos nas seguintes condições: 0,14 mg Ag/poço, 60 min para o tempo de incubação, diluições de 1:35 e 1:1000 para Ac e Ac*, respectivamente. O valor do limiar de reatividade ("cut off") foi A450nm = 0,371. O ELISA indireto foi aplicado em amostras de soros de pacientes infectados com doença de Chagas e pacientes com diferentes doenças sistêmicas. A proteína Tc85-11, a qual está envolvida com a adesão do parasita na célula hospedeira, é também apropriada para o diagnóstico sorológico da doença de Chagas.

Chagas' disease is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in the serum is a method for diagnosis of the disease. In this work, indirect ELISA was optimized for detection of antibodies in patients' sera with Chagas' disease using Tc85-11 protein (Ag) from the trypomastigote surface of the parasite. The full factorial design for optimization of the experimental conditions was carried out for the incubation time, dilutions of Ag (0.08 mg mL-1), primary antibody (Ac) and anti-IgG conjugated with peroxidase (Ac*) parameters. The best results were obtained with the following conditions: 0.14 mg Ag/well, 60 min incubation time, dilutions of 1:35 and 1:1000 for Ac and Ac*, respectively. The cut off value was A450nm = 0.371. The indirect ELISA was applied to sera Chagas' disease infected patients samples and patients with different systemic diseases. Tc85-11 protein, which is involved in the adhesion of the parasite to host cell, is also suitable for serological diagnosis of Chagas' disease.

Estudos eletroanalíticos foram realizados com o Nedocromil de Sódio empregando as técnicas voltamétricas de varredura linear, pulso diferencial e onda quadrada, em tampão Britton-Robinson (pH 4,0). No estudo voltamétrico empregando a modalidade de varredura linear observou-se dois picos catódicos, irreversíveis, nos valores de potencial de -0,86 V e -1,10 V (vs ECS). As correntes de pico catódicas apresentaram um controle difusional segundo a relação Ipc versus v½. A dependência de Ipc com a concentração apresentou linearidade entre 5,0x10-4 mol L-1 e 5,0x10-3 mol L-1, limite de detecção de 8,2x10-5 mol L-1 e sensibilidade de 6,3x10³ mA/ mol L-1. Na voltametria de pulso diferencial o Nedocromil de Sódio apresentou dois picos catódicos, irreversíveis, nos valores de potencial de -0,67 V e -0,75 V (vs ECS). Curvas analíticas foram obtidas no intervalo de 3,0x10-6 mol L-1 a 1,0x10-5 mol L-1, limite de detecção de 4,9x10-7 mol L-1 e sensibilidade de 8,7x10(4) mA/ mol L-1. Na voltametria de onda quadrada observou-se dois picos catódicos nos valores de potencial de -0,80 V e -0,91 V (vs ECS), linearidade de 5,0x10-7 mol L-1 a 1,0x10-5 mol L-1, com limite de detecção e uma sensibilidade de 2,7x10-6 mol L-1 e 1,1x10(6) mA/ mol L-1, respectivamente.

Electroanalytical studies had been carried with the Nedocromil Sodium, an antiasthmatic drug, using the techniques of Linear Scan, Diferencial-Pulse and Square Wave Voltammetry. The technique of Linear Scan Voltammetry was used for determination of Nedocromil Sodium, at a glassy carbon electrode, in pH 4 Britton-Robinson buffer. Two irreversible reduction peaks where obtained in the values of potential of 0,86 V and 1,1 V. Calibration graphs were shown to be linear in the range 5,0x10-4 - 5,0x10-3 mol L-1. The coefficients of linear correlation have been equal to 0,9990, being the detection limit equal to 8,2x10-5 mol L-1 and the amperometric sensitivity equal to 6,3x10³ mA/ mol L-1. Diferencial-Pulse Voltammetry two irreversible reduction peaks were obtained at the values of potential of -0.67 V and -0.75 V. The study of the dependence of Ipc with the concentration of the solution showed linearity in the range 3,0x10-6 - 1,0x10-5 mol L-1, with coefficient of linear correlation of 0,9990. The detection limit was calculated to be 4,9x10-7 mol L-1, being the amperometric sensitivity equal to 8,7x10(4) µA/ mol L-1. The technique of Square Wave Voltammetry was used for the studies of the Nedocromil Sodium in the range 5,0x10-7 - 1,0x10-5 mol L-1. Two irreversible reduction peaks where obtained in the values of potential of 0,80 V and 0,91 V. The coefficients of linear correlation have been equal to 0,9748, being the detection limit equal to 2,7x10-6 mol L-1 and the amperometric sensitivity equal to 1,1x10(6) µA/ mol L-1.