Abstract Objective: to explore the association between serum vitamin D level and the occurrence and pathological grade of gastric cancer. Material and methods: search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and Chinese database; all articles about the association between serum vitamin D levels and gastric cancer published before July 2021. Results: 10 trials with 1159 cases of gastric cancer patients and 33,387 cases of regular control patients were analyzed. The serum vitamin D level of the gastric cancer group (15.56 ± 7.46 ng/ml) was lower than in the control group (17.60 ± 1.61 ng/ml), and the difference was statistically significant. The patients with gastric cancer, clinical stage III/IV (16.19 ± 8.04 ng/ml) had lower vitamin D levels than those with stage I/II (19.61 ± 9.61 ng/ml), and the patients with low differentiation of gastric cancer (17.5 ± 9.5 ng/ml) had lower levels than those with well- or moderately-differentiated cancer (18.04 ± 7.92 ng/ml). The patients with lymph node metastasis (19.41 ± 8.63 ng/ml) had lower vitamin D levels than the patients without lymph node metastasis (20.65 ± 7.96 ng/ml), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: vitamin D levels were negatively associated with gastric cancer. Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with different clinical stages, degrees of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis, suggesting that low vitamin D levels might predict poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

Resumen Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre los niveles de vitamina D en suero y la carcinogénesis gástrica y su clasificación patológica. Material y métodos: se buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane y China todos los artículos sobre la asociación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina D y el cáncer gástrico publicados antes de julio de 2021. Resultados: se analizaron diez datos de 1159 pacientes con cáncer gástrico y 33.387 pacientes normales de control. El nivel de vitamina D en suero del grupo (15,56 ± 7,46 ng/ml) de cáncer gástrico era inferior al del grupo de control (16,19 ± 8,04 ng/ml), y la diferencia era estadísticamente significativa. En los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en estadio clínico III/IV (16,19 ± 8,04 ng/ml) era inferior al de los pacientes en estadio I/II (19,61 ± 9,61 ng/ml) y en los pacientes con cáncer de estómago poco diferenciado (17,5 ± 9,5 ng/ml) era menor que en los pacientes con cáncer bien o moderadamente diferenciado (18,04 ± 7,92 ng/ml); en los pacientes con metástasis en ganglios linfáticos (19,41 ± 8,63 ng/ml) era inferior al de los pacientes sin metástasis en ganglios linfáticos (20,65 ± 7,96 ng/ml), siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: los niveles de vitamina D se correlacionaron negativamente con el cáncer gástrico. Los niveles de vitamina D se asociaron significativamente a los diferentes estadios clínicos, el grado de diferenciación y la metástasis en ganglios linfáticos, lo que sugiere que los niveles bajos de vitamina D pueden ser un factor de predicción de mal pronóstico en el cáncer gástrico.

Abstract As a natural agricultural product, honey is favored by consumers, and its variety and adulteration have a huge impact on the quality. Acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey were used as experimental objects, and their spectral reflectance curves were obtained through a near-infrared spectral image acquisition system. Spectral features were extracted from the preprocessed spectral reflectance curves, and a honey variety classification model based on near-infrared spectral features was established by machine learning. After statistical analysis, Principal Component Analysis Support Vector Machine after processing data through Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA-SVM) is the optimal classification model for three varieties of acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey, and the correct rate of honey variety classification reaches 95.83%. The spectral reflectance curve was used to establish a honey adulteration identification model based on the partial least squares-discriiminate analysis (PLS-DA), and the classification accuracy was 97.92% in the test set.

Abstract Introduction Prior studies have found inconsistent results regarding the relationship between vitamin D status and Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty (ICPP). Objective To assess the role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH]D) levels in ICPP development. Method The authors retrospectively collected data from 221 girls with ICPP and 144 healthy girls between January 2017 and December 2019. The participants’ serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using an automatic chemiluminescence method, and the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of ICPP was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated as effect estimates. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels in the ICPP group were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that girls with insufficient vitamin D levels (OR = 0.201; 95% CI 0.094-0.428; p < 0.001) and sufficient vitamin D levels (OR = 0.141; 95% CI 0.053-0.375; p < 0.001) both had a lower risk of ICPP than girls with vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, the authors found that the height (p = 0.014), weight (p = 0.014), breast stage (p = 0.010), mother's height (p < 0.001), and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (p = 0.010) in girls with ICPP could be associated with levels of vitamin D. Conclusion This study found that a low serum 25(OH)D level is an independent risk factor for ICPP, and several characteristics of girls with ICPP could be affected by their vitamin D status.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious threat to human health and an important cause of cancer-related death. Herein, we evaluated the influence of transmembrane protein 158 (TMEM158) on GC cell growth. According to Genomic Spatial Event (GSE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, TMEM158 content is amplified in GC tissues. The diagnostic value of TMEM158 expression in GC is huge. GC sufferers with high expression of TMEM158 were associated with poor overall survival. In addition, TMEM158 content was increased in GC cells. TMEM158 promoted GC cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Lack of TMEM158 reduced GC tumor growth. Collectively, TMEM158 accelerated GC cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, making it a prospective biomarker for survival in GC patients.

Abstract The study investigated that clinic significance and molecular mechanism of Plin5 in spinal cord injury (SCI). Serum levels of Plin5 was down-regulated and there is a negative correlation between Plin5 and IL-1β levels in patients with SCI,. Human Plin5 protein could reduce inflammation, and prevented spinal cord injury in rat model of SCI. Over-expression of Plin5 reduced inflammation divisors via activation of SIRT1 and suppression of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI; down-regulation of Plin5 promoted inflammation divisors via inactivation of SIRT1 and induction of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI. SIRT1 is important targets of Plin5 in inflammation divisors of SCI. The inhibition of SIRT1 reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. The activation of NLRP3 also reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. We concluded that clinic Serum levels of Plin5 is therapeutic target of SCI and Plin5 reduced inflammation in SCI via SIRT1 dependent suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Abstract Prediction of seed vigor based on hyperspectral peant. The traditional method is time-consuming and laborious to detect seed vigor. At the same time, the accuracy of the detection result is not high, and it will cause damage to the seed itself. Therefore, in order to achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of peanut seed vigor, the test was performed with original health, artificial aging for 24h and Peanut seeds with different vigor gradients at 72 hours were used as the research samples. Hyperspectral images with a wavelength range of 387~1035 nm were collected, and the image of the central part of the peanut seeds with a pixel size of 60 × 60 after correction was intercepted and the average reflectance value was calculated. After a combination of processing analysis, characteristic band processing, and model selection, a hyperspectral prediction system with the highest correlation to the viability of extracted peanut seeds was finally established. Experiments shown that the combination of hyperspectral imaging technology and the MF-LightGBM-RF model had the best performance, with a prediction accuracy of 92.59% and a fitting time of 1.77s, which simplifies the model and improves efficiency.

Abstract Vitamin D is necessary for maintaining the bone function, and its deficiency is linked with the development of obesity. Moreover, bone health is correlated with obesity through many mechanisms by modulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate as adipose cells, inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, oxidative homeostasis, energy metabolism and gut microbiota. Based on previous studies, vitamin D, obesity, and bone health are linked with each other at multiple levels. However, our knowledge of the associations of vitamin D with coexisting abnormalities, such as bone health-related issues and obesity, is still in its infancy. The complex relationships still need to be investigated and elucidated further. Therefore, in this review, the relationships between vitamin D, obesity and bone health have been discussed. This review identified that evidence proving the capacity to reduce or prevent obesity-related disorders by targeting vitamin D intakes is mainly unknown. However, the inverse relationships of vitamin D levels with obesity and bone health-related issues are apparent.

Abstract This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of neuronal axonal lesions caused by high glucose, and to investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on neuronal axon damage with in vitro models. A rat model of type II diabetic encephalopathy was established, and the rats were treated with LBP for 10 weeks. Morris water maze experiment was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability. Neuronal axon lesions were measured by in vivo neuron tracing experiment. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot technology were employed to detect protein localization and expression. Combined with in vitro primary neuron culture, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the effects of high glucose and LBP on neuronal axon transport. PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and an activator of insulin signaling pathway were used to investigate the possible molecular mechanism. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that in the hippocampus tissue of STZ-induced type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, neuronal axons were damaged, accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which subsequently resulted in axonal transport damage and cognition dysfunction. LBP significantly reduced peripheral blood glucose and serum insulin levels in type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, thereby alleviating peripheral insulin resistance. At the same time, LBP can significantly improve the learning and memory impairment and brain neuron axon pathology in model rats. LY294002 treatment can effectively block the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The phosphorylation level of Tau protein in the LY294002+ LBP treatment group is higher than that of the LBP intervention group, while the insulin treatment can effectively reverse the blocking effect of LY294002 on LBPs. LBP can reduce the phosphorylation level of Tau protein by up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, with a protective effect on neuronal axon damage, thereby improving the cognitive function performance of type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats.

Abstract This study investigated the hyperspectral reflectance response of time series generated during oven drying to changes in the moisture content of potato tubers. Seventeen preprocessing methods were used to eliminate the influence of spectral noise on the spectral characteristic curve. Algorithms such as CatBoost, LightGBM, and XGBoost are used to obtain the first 40 effective characteristic spectra of hyperspectral images, which reduces the redundancy of data and improves the prediction accuracy. The water content prediction model of potato tubers was established by using the selected characteristic bands. The results showed that the combined model based on Lasso and XGBoost algorithm had the strongest prediction ability. The best model is MF-Lasso-XGBoost, which has R2 value of 0.8908, Rmse of 0.0610, Mdae of 0.0389, and R2cv of 0.8448. This research can provide reference for the detection of potato moisture content and theoretical basis for the development of crop moisture detector.

Abstract Peanut storage time affected the quality of peanut seed sowing and germination and also affected the taste of edible peanuts. With the increase of peanut storage time, the total amount of water and amino acids decreased, and peanuts appeared moldy. The artificial judgment of peanut storage time mostly relied on visual classification to evaluate the color, which leads to large differences in color classifications between observers. This research was conducted to determine the fresh state of peanuts during storage based on the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, and to identify the storage time of peanuts through hyperspectral images (387~1035 nm). Three models, two preprocessing methods, and two feature band extraction methods were combined. The experimental results shows that the DT-MF-Catboost model was the best method to detect the storage time of peanuts, and its accuracy of identifying the storage time of peanuts was 97.53%. Studies have shown that HSI has great potential in classifying the freshness and identification of peanuts, and provides a basis for non-destructive testing classification as well as grading of peanuts during storage.

Abstract In order to realize the rapid nondestructive detection of mildew peanut in the process of peanuts storage, hyperspectral imaging technology was proposed to detect mildew peanut. A total of 200 peanuts were selected from 5 kinds of peanuts purchased in the market for moldy treatment, and the remaining 400 peanuts were kept sterile. After completion, samples were collected with a hyperspectral instrument to obtain spectral data of the samples. According to the characteristics of the data, 10 pre-processing algorithms were used to de-noise the data, and Median Filtering (MF) had the best effect, with the recognition accuracy reaching 97.7%. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to extract important feature bands in the spectral data pre-processed by MF. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to model the extracted feature bands. The results showed that LightGBM is the best algorithm with a detection rate of 99.10%. Optuna algorithm was used to tune its parameters. Compared with the previous model, the running time of the optimized model was improved by about 0.25 s. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging provides an efficient and nondestructive method for detecting mildew in peanut storage.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify the predictors and threshold of failure in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Newborns with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome aged 0-28 days and gestational age ≥36 weeks were included in the study if their cases were managed with non-extra corporal membrane oxygenation treatments. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they died before discharge. Predictors of non-extra corporal membrane oxygenation treatment failure were sought, and the threshold of predictors was calculated. Results A total of 103 patients were included in the study. A total of 77 (74.8%) survived hospitalization and were discharged, whereas 26 (25.2%) died. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of oxygen index, pH, base excess, and combinations of these indicators demonstrated the advantage of the combination of oxygen index and base excess over the others variables regarding their predictive ability. The area under the curve for the combination of oxygen index and base excess was 0.865. When the cut-off values of oxygen index and base excess were 30.0 and −7.4, respectively, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting death were 77.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The model with base excess added a net reclassification improvement of 0.090 to the model without base excess. Conclusion The combination of oxygen index and base excess can be used as a predictor of outcomes in neonates receiving non-extra corporal membrane oxygenation treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. In neonates with acute respiratory distress syndrome, if oxygen index >30 and base excess <−7.4, non-extra corporal membrane oxygenation therapy is likely to lead to death.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of combination treatment with dendrobium mixture and metformin (Met) in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effects on NEAT1 and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. METHODS: H9c2 cells were maintained in medium supplemented with either low (5.5 mmol/L) or high (50 mmol/L) glucose. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-glucose diet and administered a single, low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection to induce the development of DM. After induction of DM, the rats were treated with dendrobium mixture (10 g/kg) and Met (0.18 g/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Next, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression levels of target genes and proteins. Flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the morphological changes in rat cardiac tissue. RESULTS: In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and myocardial cells and heart tissues from rats with high glucose-induced DM, NEAT1 was downregulated, and the expression levels of Nrf2 were decreased (p<0.01, p<0.001). The combination of dendrobium mixture and Met upregulated the expression of NEAT1 which upregulated Nrf2 by targeting miR-23a-3p, resulting in reduced apoptosis and improved cardiac tissue morphology (p<0.01, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Dendrobium mixture and Met upregulated the expression of NEAT1 in DCM, thereby inhibiting apoptosis of myocardial cells.

Abstract Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) is an important ornamental tree with beautiful characteristics that is grown in China. In this study, the complete plastid genome of C. coggygria was sequenced and assembled. This genome was 158,843 bp in size and presented a typical tetrad structure, consisting of a large single-copy region (87,121 bp), a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,829 bp), and a small single-copy region (18,064 bp). A total of 134 genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. We observed a deletion that caused the loss of the rpl32 gene, and a small expansion of IR regions resulted in the trnH gene accessing IR regions; two copies were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. coggygria was most closely related to Pistacia, with 100% bootstrap support within Anacardiaceae. In this study, we report the plastid genome of Cotinus species for the first time, which provides insight into the evolution of the plastid genome in Anacardiaceae and promotes the understanding of Cotinus plants.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effects of cryopreservation on bovine, ovine, and goat sperm motility, acrosome structure, enzyme activity, and fertilization ability. Percentage of sperm with hyaluronidase enzyme (HYD) activity was detected by a modified sodium hyaluronate-gelatin membrane. The N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BNPNA) method was used to assess the sperm acrosome enzyme (ACE). The mean percentage of sperm acrosome integrity dropped significantly (P < 0.01) after cryopreservation. The ACE activity of bovine sperm (100.48) was higher (P < 0.01) than that of ovine (57.88) or goat sperm (50.30), while the percentage of sperm with HYD activity of bovine (71.10%) and ovine (67.60%) sperm was higher than that of goat sperm (58.52%) after cryopreservation (P < 0.01). Sperm motility was positively correlated with the activity of the two acrosome enzymes before and after cryopreservation (P < 0.01). Cryopreservation had a negative effect on acrosomal morphology, motility, and acrosomal enzyme activity in their sperm. The fertilization ability of ovine and goat sperm decreased significantly after cryopreservation, but that of frozen bovine sperm did not differ significantly when compared with fresh sperm. There was no significant difference between ovine and goat sperm indices, except for percentage of sperm with HYD activity.