Abstract As a natural agricultural product, honey is favored by consumers, and its variety and adulteration have a huge impact on the quality. Acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey were used as experimental objects, and their spectral reflectance curves were obtained through a near-infrared spectral image acquisition system. Spectral features were extracted from the preprocessed spectral reflectance curves, and a honey variety classification model based on near-infrared spectral features was established by machine learning. After statistical analysis, Principal Component Analysis Support Vector Machine after processing data through Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA-SVM) is the optimal classification model for three varieties of acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey, and the correct rate of honey variety classification reaches 95.83%. The spectral reflectance curve was used to establish a honey adulteration identification model based on the partial least squares-discriiminate analysis (PLS-DA), and the classification accuracy was 97.92% in the test set.

Abstract Exogenous additives applied for cigar tobacco leaves fermentation played an important role in sensory quality of cigar. In this study, effects of additives including coffee and cocoa on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves were explored. The changes of sensory quality, conventional chemical components, nonvolatile organic acids, and aroma compositions in tobacco leaves were studied. Results showed that the richness, mellowness and matureness of aroma, as well as the fluentness and sweetness of smoke in cigar were improved with the introduction of coffee or cocoa. According to chemical composition analysis, fermentation with coffee or cocoa increased the contents of alkaloids and sugar in tobacco leaves, which endowed the tobacco a relatively good performance on the sweetness and aroma richness. Besides, the decrease of citric acid, as well as the increase of saturated fatty acid and aroma components were found with additives, which was beneficial to improve the mellowness and aroma richness of cigar. It was suggested that coffee and cocoa exhibited positive effects on the chemical composition, especially increased the contents of sugar, saturated fatty acids and aromatic components, thus improving the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.

Abstract This study presents the preparation of cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion, aiming to improve the physicochemical properties, water sol ubility, and emulsion stability of cinnamon essential oil. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsion was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification, in which SPICS (soybean protein isolate (SPI)-chitosan (CS) composite granule) was used as the wall material and cinnamon essential oil was used as the core material. The emulsification performance of SPICS was evaluated, and the stability of Pickering emulsion was tested. The results showed that there was hydrogen bonding between SPI and CS, and the tertiary structure of SPI was change, which enhances the hydrophobicity of SPICS surface. When the mass ratio of SPI to CS was 14:1, the emulsification activity of SPICS was 71.92 m2g-1 and its emulsion stability was 106.29%; it also had good dispersibility in water. When the volume of the oil phase was 60%, the encapsulation rate of cinnamon essential oil was 65.23%, the Pickering emulsion did not show obvious delamination for one month; and rheological tests showed the presence of shear thinning, which was judged to be a pseudoplastic fluid. Therefore, SPICS can be used as a wall material to prepare Pickering emulsion of cinnamon essential oil with good stability.

Aerospace and military defense fields are posing higher requirement on the lightweight feature of structures. Subject of this study is the Aluminum Alloy 5A02 /CFRTP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermo-Plastic) laminates. In the paper, aluminum alloy was anodized, compression molding and 3D printing were adopted to prepare Carbon Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CARALL) with two different structures: the solid core structure and the honeycomb structure, and the prepared specimens were then tested for mechanical properties via tensile test and three-point bending test, and compared with the performance of the conventional aluminum alloy. The results show that under the condition of a same thickness, the tensile strength of CARALL specimens with the molded solid core structure and the 3D printed honeycomb structure reaches 256Mpa and 186MPa, respectively, which is 85.5% and 34.8% higher than that of the tensile strength of Al 5A02; under different bending modes, the maximum bending strength is 682Mpa and 525Mpa, respectively, which is 62.4% and 25.5% higher than that of Al 5A02. When the specimens are subject to tensile force, the separation of the metal layer and the fiber layer is the primary failure form, the fiber layer fractures, and the metal layer exhibits the necking phenomenon as the metal fibers are being pulled out. During the bending process, for different bending forms, there’re great differences in the bending strength of CARALL specimens prepared by the same method, the failure modes of the specimens vary greatly as well, and this is determined by the tensile strength of the carbon fiber layer and the tensile strength of AL 5A02. Enhancing the bonding strength between the metal layer and the fiber layer can improve the mechanical properties of CARALL. These research findings can provide a reference for the lightweight design of metals and Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs).

Abstract: Not only the indigenous aristocratic families but also northern immigrant families living in east Zhejiang were involved in the debates on monetary theory and policy thought in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. The debates were often focused on the commodity prices and forced labor in east Zhejiang. This special historical phenomenon reflects two questions. On the one hand, the chaos caused by the war in the north and scholar families migrating southward greatly promoted the development of southern China, which made the five counties in east Zhejiang the most important and active areas of economy. On the other hand, it reflects the relationship changes between immigrants and indigenous gentries. Namely, the indigenous aristocratic families and northern immigrant families cooperated in economy so as to enhance the prosperity and development of the east Zhejiang region. Later, with the rise of “common people (寒人)”, the scholars’ economic status was increasingly impacted, which resulted in the gentries’ anxiety and crisis consciousness.

Resumo: Não apenas as famílias aristocráticas indígenas, mas também as famílias de imigrantes do norte que viviam no Leste de Zhejiang, estavam envolvidas nos debates sobre teoria monetária e pensamento político, na Dinastia Jin Oriental e Dinastias do Sul. Os debates geralmente se concentravam nos preços das commodities e no trabalho forçado no Leste de Zhejiang. Esse fenômeno histórico especial reflete duas questões. Por um lado, o caos causado pela guerra no Norte e as famílias de estudiosos, migrando para o Sul, promoveram muito o desenvolvimento do Sul da China, o que tornou os cinco condados do leste de Zhejiang as áreas mais importantes e ativas da economia. Por outro lado, reflete as mudanças de relacionamento entre imigrantes e nobres indígenas. Ou seja, as famílias aristocráticas indígenas e as famílias imigrantes do Norte cooperaram na economia para aumentar a prosperidade e o desenvolvimento do Leste de Zhejiang. Mais tarde, com o surgimento de “povo comum (寒人)”, o status econômico dos estudiosos foi cada vez mais impactado, o que resultou em ansiedade e consciência de crise dos nobres.

Abstract The objective of this work was to establish and validate the dry matter distribution and yield prediction models based on physiological developmental timing, to compare the differences between the dry mass distribution index model and the dry mass distribution coefficient model, for the simulation of ear dry mass and to improve the accuracy of maize growth models for predicting yield. The experiments were conducted in three tropical sites (Longchuan, Mangshi, and Ruili) in the tropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The NRMS of ear dry mass and yield were generally less than 10. The dry mass distribution index method (NRMS = 5.44% and RMSE = 807.22 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; and NRMS = 7.32% and RMSE = 707.67 kg ha-1 for grain yield) is better than the dry mass distribution coefficient method (NRMS = 7.52% and RMSE = 1115.31 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; NRMS = 8.6% and RMSE = 830.76 kgha-1 for grain yield) to simulate maize ear dry mass and grain yield. The distribution index model improves the accuracy of the model, which is valuable for future maize production and management in Yunnan.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e validar um modelo de previsão de distribuição de massa de matéria seca e de rendimento, com base no tempo de desenvolvimento fisiológico, para comparar as diferenças entre o modelo de índice de distribuição de matéria seca e o modelo de coeficiente de distribuição de matéria seca, para a simulação da massa de matéria seca da espiga e para melhorar a precisão de modelos de crescimento do milho para a previsão de rendimento. Os experimentos foram realizados em três locais (Longchuan, Mangshi e Ruili), na região tropical da província de Yunnan, China. O NRMS da massa de matéria seca e o rendimento da espiga foram geralmente menores que 10. O método do índice de distribuição da massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 5,44% e RMSE = 807,22 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca da espiga; e o NRMS = 7,32% e RMSE = 707,67 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) é melhor do que o método do coeficiente de distribuição de massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 7,52% e RMSE = 1115,31 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca de espiga; NRMS = 8,6% e RMSE = 830,76 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) para a simulação da massa de matéria seca de espiga e o rendimento de grãos de milho. O modelo do índice de distribuição melhora a precisão do modelo, o que é valioso para o futura produção de milho e seu manejo em Yunnan.

ABSTRACT With its excellent fatigue performance and high damage tolerance and other irreplaceable advantages, FMLs have gradually increased the demand in aerospace, rail transit, ship and other fields, and have put forward higher requirements for the speed and accuracy of its performance test and index evaluation. In this paper, the methods of performance test, analysis and index evaluation of FMLs are introduced from three aspects with carbon fiber and composite materials, mechanical properties and numerical simulation technology, details the common test methods, the latest technology and progress, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide direction and reference for the performance test method and index evaluation of FMLs. Finally, the main development directions of the current performance testing methods and index evaluation of FMLs are briefly discussed. aerospace transit fields paper materials progress disadvantages Finally discussed

ABSTRACT In order to estimate the adaptability of Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Maize model under the special climate environment in tropic, 10 field experiments were conducted at different seasons in three sites (Longchuan, Mangshi and Ruili) of tropic in Yunnan Province, China. The parameters of APSIM model were calibrated and its adaptability was validated. The results showed that the days from sowing to flowering and sowing to maturity were predicted accurately for all sites with mean errors of 2.0 ± 0.4, and 3.2 ± 0.7 d respectively. The normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) of the model for yield prediction were 2%, 3% and 5% for each of three sites, respectively, which indicated that the APSIM model had good accuracy and sensitivity in predicting phenological phases and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in different seasons, and the model had good adaptability in the tropic of Southwest China. This study provided the basis and technical support for evaluating maize production potential based on the model.

Abstract Introduction: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. Although the drugs currently used to treat T2DM have certain curative effects, they still have some adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new effective drugs with few side effects to cure T2DM. Objective: to study the role of Inonotus obliquus (IO) in diabetic model mice. Methods: we used high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic mouse model. Mice were divided into non-high-fat diet group (ND), diabetes model group (HFD + STZ) and IO-treated diabetes model group (IO). The mice in the IO group were orally treated with IO (150 mg/kg) at 10 ml/kg for five weeks. Body weight, glucose level, food intake and water consumption, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were evaluated in all mice. The pathological sections of liver, kidney and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: after IO administration, the blood glucose level, water consumption, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TG) levels of mice decreased. Compared with the HFD + STZ group, the number of normal islet iiiiiiii cells increased and focal necrosis of the liver was significantly reduced in the IO administration group. Conclusions: IO reduced the levels of blood glucose, restored body weight, and enhanced insulin sensitivity along with insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, IO also reversed HFD and STZ-induced organ injury.

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es una enfermedad compleja influenciada por el estilo de vida y los factores genéticos. En la actualidad, aunque los medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 tienen cierto efecto curativo, todavía tienen algunos efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, es urgente encontrar nuevos medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 que tengan un buen efecto curativo y menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: estudiar el papel del Inonotus obliquus (IO) en ratones diabéticos. Métodos: se estableció un modelo de ratón diabético con dieta de alto contenido en grasas (HFD) y estreptozocina (STZ). Los ratones se dividieron en el grupo de dieta no alta en grasas (ND), el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus (HFD + STZ) y el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus tratado con IO. Los ratones del grupo IO recibieron 10 ml/kg de IO (150 mg/kg) durante cinco semanas. Se observaron el peso corporal, el nivel de azúcar en sangre, la ingesta de alimentos, la ingesta de agua potable, la tolerancia a la glucosa y la tolerancia a la insulina de los ratones de cada grupo, y se estudiaron muestras de biopsias hepáticas, renales y pancreáticas mediante tinción de hematoxilina eosina. Resultados: los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el consumo de agua, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y los triglicéridos (TG) disminuyeron después de la administración de IO. En comparación con el grupo HFD+STZ, el número de células β pancreáticas normales y la necrosis focal hepática disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo IO. Conclusiones: el IO redujo el nivel de glucosa en sangre, ayudó a recuperar el peso corporal y mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, la tolerancia a la insulina y la tolerancia a la glucosa en ratones diabéticos. Además, el IO revirtió el daño orgánico inducido por HFD y STZ.

RESUMO Introdução: A articulação do tornozelo é a articulação do corpo humano que mais suporta carga. A consciência da saúde das pessoas está aumentando de dia para dia, a probabilidade de lesões esportivas no tornozelo também está aumentando. Objetivo: Analisar o valor de aplicação do ultra-som de medicina esportiva para a reabilitação de lesão no tendão talofibular anterior. Métodos: Setenta e dois pacientes com lesão talofibular anterior em um determinado hospital foram divididos em grupos de controle e observação para observar o efeito da recuperação, o tempo de recuperação e o grau de lesão ligamentar durante o tratamento da reabilitação. Resultados: No grupo de observação, a taxa de recuperação completa foi de 91,67%, a recuperação incompleta (8,33%), o tempo de recuperação foi de (2,36±0,9) meses. A taxa de recuperação completa do grupo de controle é de (77,78%), a recuperação incompleta (22,2%), o tempo de recuperação (3,58±0,42) meses. Os pacientes do grupo experimental tiveram maior grau de lesão ligamentar III do que os do grupo controle durante cada período de reabilitação, a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (P<0,05). Conclusões: A ultra-sonografia médica esportiva pode determinar o grau de ruptura do ligamento talofibular anterior após a lesão, fornecendo uma base para a formulação clínica do plano de tratamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The ankle joint is the most load-bearing joint of the human body. The health consciousness of people is increasing day by day, the probability of ankle sports injuries is also increasing. Objective: Analyze the applying sports medicine ultrasound value to rehabilitate anterior talofibular tendon injury. Methods: Seventy- two patients with anterior talofibular injury in a particular hospital were divided into control and observation groups to observe the effect of recovery, recovery time, and degree of ligament injury during rehabilitation treatment. Results: In the observation group, the complete recovery rate was 91.67%, incomplete recovery (8.33%), recovery time was (2.36±0.9) months. The complete recovery rate of the control group is (77.78%), the incomplete recovery (22.2%), the recovery time (3.58±0.42) months. Patients in the experimental group had a higher grade of ligament injury III than those in the control group during each rehabilitation period; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Sports medical ultrasound can determine the degree of anterior talofibular ligament rupture after injury, providing a basis for the clinical formulation of the treatment plan. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción: La articulación del tobillo es la que más carga soporta del cuerpo humano. La conciencia de la salud de las personas aumenta día a día, la probabilidad de lesiones deportivas en el tobillo también aumenta. Objetivo: Analizar el valor de la aplicación de ultrasonidos en medicina deportiva para la rehabilitación de la lesión del tendón talofibular anterior. Métodos: Setenta y dos pacientes con lesión talofibular anterior en un hospital particular fueron divididos en grupos de control y de observación para observar el efecto de la recuperación, el tiempo de recuperación y el grado de lesión del ligamento durante el tratamiento de rehabilitación. Resultados: En el grupo de observación, la tasa de recuperación completa fue del 91,67%, la recuperación incompleta (8,33%), el tiempo de recuperación fue de (2,36±0,9) meses. La tasa de recuperación completa del grupo de control fue (77,78%), la recuperación incompleta (22,2%), el tiempo de recuperación (3,58±0,42) meses. Los pacientes del grupo experimental tuvieron un mayor grado de lesión del ligamento III que el grupo de control durante cada periodo de rehabilitación, la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P<0,05). Conclusiones: La ecografía médico-deportiva puede determinar el grado de rotura del ligamento talofibular anterior tras la lesión, proporcionando una base para la formulación clínica del plan de tratamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Prediction of seed vigor based on hyperspectral peant. The traditional method is time-consuming and laborious to detect seed vigor. At the same time, the accuracy of the detection result is not high, and it will cause damage to the seed itself. Therefore, in order to achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of peanut seed vigor, the test was performed with original health, artificial aging for 24h and Peanut seeds with different vigor gradients at 72 hours were used as the research samples. Hyperspectral images with a wavelength range of 387~1035 nm were collected, and the image of the central part of the peanut seeds with a pixel size of 60 × 60 after correction was intercepted and the average reflectance value was calculated. After a combination of processing analysis, characteristic band processing, and model selection, a hyperspectral prediction system with the highest correlation to the viability of extracted peanut seeds was finally established. Experiments shown that the combination of hyperspectral imaging technology and the MF-LightGBM-RF model had the best performance, with a prediction accuracy of 92.59% and a fitting time of 1.77s, which simplifies the model and improves efficiency.

Abstract Vitamin D is necessary for maintaining the bone function, and its deficiency is linked with the development of obesity. Moreover, bone health is correlated with obesity through many mechanisms by modulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate as adipose cells, inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, oxidative homeostasis, energy metabolism and gut microbiota. Based on previous studies, vitamin D, obesity, and bone health are linked with each other at multiple levels. However, our knowledge of the associations of vitamin D with coexisting abnormalities, such as bone health-related issues and obesity, is still in its infancy. The complex relationships still need to be investigated and elucidated further. Therefore, in this review, the relationships between vitamin D, obesity and bone health have been discussed. This review identified that evidence proving the capacity to reduce or prevent obesity-related disorders by targeting vitamin D intakes is mainly unknown. However, the inverse relationships of vitamin D levels with obesity and bone health-related issues are apparent.

Abstract Polygonum capitatum (Polygonaceae) exists in rural areas of Southwest China and some other Asian countries. Its aerial part or whole herbal plant has been used as a Miao ethnomedicine against urinary system diseases, infections, pyelonephritis, diarrhea, and so on. The progress in phytochemical research on P. capitatum over the past decades is summarized. Two hundred and three chemical constituents that have been isolated and identified from this plant are included in this article, the chemical structures of which include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ketones, aromatic aldehydes, aliphatic acids, glycerides, triterpenic acids, sterols, anthraquinones, chromones and their glycosides, flavonoids and their glycosides, phenols, phenolic acids and their esters, lignanoids, flavonolignans, phenolic glycosides, alcoholic glycosides, amino acids, nucleobases, amides, alkaloids, alkyl glycosides, volatile oils, and polysaccharides.

Abstract The classification algorithms of different peanut varieties were studied based on hyperspectral imaging technology. Firstly, the spectral images of five peanut species were collected by hyperspectral instrument produced by Zhuolihanguang Co., LTD. Then SpacVIEW was used to correct the spectral images in black and white, and ENVI5.1 was used to extract the interest in the spectral image of each peanut and calculate the mean spectral reflection value of the region. The spectral characteristic curves of the five peanut samples all showed certain differences, which lays a foundation for the feasibility of modeling in the next step. In order to eliminate the influence of non-quality factor information in hyperspectral spectral data, a variety of data preprocessing methods were used to eliminate noise in the original spectral data, and XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost and GBDT algorithms were used to extract feature bands. XGBoost and LightGBM were then used for classification modeling of extracted feature bands. In the classification model, both XGBoost and LightGBM can reach 99.33%, while other performance evaluation indexes cannot distinguish these two models well. Therefore, Optuna algorithm was selected to optimize the two algorithms respectively. After optimization, both LightGBM and XGBoost have improved to varying degrees, but LightGBM is relatively obvious, especially in fit_time, which is 11 times faster than XGBoost and 16 times faster than before optimization. Therefore, the best classification algorithm selected in this study is MF-LightGBM-LightGBM-Optuna-LightGBM. The research of peanut classification method provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the revitalization of rural industry, the integration of peanut agriculture and industry and the acceleration of the modernization of agricultural industry system, production system and management system.

Abstract Nowadays brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) have aroused great interest of consumers, due to the higher nutrition compared with polished rice. In this study, the nutritional and bioactive compositions of BR and GBR samples prepared by 6 early indica rice cultivars and 12 middle indica rice cultivars from three producing areas were investigated. The free amino acid (215.75 mg/100 g), γ-aminobutyric acid (18.04 mg/100 g) and ferulic acid (195.9 μg/ g) content in early indica rice cultivars after germinated were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of other cultivars. In addition, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were able to identify BR and GBR, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were the most differential metabolites of all tested rice samples after germinated. The results provided the potential of early indica rice on functional food processing.