Figure 1. Overview of glucose metabolism in mammalian cells. Glucose-6-phosphate produced from glucose can be converted to glycogen or is metabolized through the pentose-phosphate pathway. Glycerol-phosphate is used for triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA is oxidized through the Krebs cycle. Precursors for the synthesis of fatty acids, glutamine and aspartate are generated from this cycle. 1, hexokinase/glucokinase; 2, pentose-phosphate pathway; 3, glycogen synthesis; 4, lactate dehydrogenase; 5, alanine aminotransferase; 6, pyruvate dehydrogenase; 7, ATP-citrate lyase; 8, fatty acid synthesis; 9, glutamine synthetase; 10, aspartate aminotransferase; 11, citrate synthetase.