Sulfated proteoglycans as modulators of neuronal migration and axonal decussation in the developing midbrain. L.A. Cavalcante, J. Garcia-Abreu, F.A. Mendes, V. Moura Neto, L.C.F. Silva, G. Onofre, G. Weissmüller and S.L. Carvalho. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 36 (8): 993, 2003.

Figure 2. Effects of treatment with xyloside (methyl ß-D-xylopiranoside - Xyl) or exogenous chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS-4) on the relative total length of neurites (median and 95th percentile or longest set). A, Control co-culture (L) and co-cultures treated with Xyl (L + Xyl) or CS-4 (L + CS-4, 0.25, 2.5 or 25.0 nM) B, Control co-culture (M) and co-cultures treated with Xyl (M + Xyl) or CS-4 (M + CS-4, 0.25, 2.5 or 25.0 nM). Observe that Xyl treatment causes a striking increase of the neurite growth-promoting activity of M glia and a moderate increase in the same activity of L astrocytes. Observe also the U-shaped dose-response curve for both the median and longest set of values of neurites after CS-4 treatment of L glia. Notice also the virtual abolition of the growth-inhibitory activity of M glia at CS-4 doses ranging from 0.25 to 25 nM. L, M = lateral and medial astrocytes, respectively.