A.C.B. Kunicki, A.J. Oliveira, M.B.M. Mendonça, C.T.F. Barbosa and R.A. Nogueira. Can the fractal dimension be applied for the early diagnosis of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy? Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42: 930-934.

Figure 1. Retinography of normal (A) and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients (D). The segmented image of control patients (B) and of patients with NPDR (E) was divided into nine anatomical regions (C,F): nasal superior (1), superior (2), superotemporal (3), optic disc (4), macular (5), temporal (6), nasal inferior (7), inferior (8), and inferotemporal (9). Panels B, C, E, and F are images with black fundus and white vessels, in which it is not possible to differentiate the control from the mild NPDR images with the naked eye.