Simultaneous selection of cupuassu tree and Brazilian mahogany genotypes in an agroforestry system in Pará state, Brazil

ALVES, Rafael Moysés; CHAVES, Saulo Fabrício da Silva; GAMA, Marcos André Piedade; PEDROZA NETO, Jack Loureiro; SANTOS, Thalita Gomes dos

doi:10.1590/1809-4392202000711

Rafael Moysés ALVES

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Unidade Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CEP 66095-903, Belém, PA, Brazil

Saulo Fabrício da Silva CHAVES ^** Corresponding author: saulofabricioagro@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-1798

Marcos André Piedade GAMA

Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil

Jack Loureiro PEDROZA NETO

Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil

Thalita Gomes dos SANTOS

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Universidade 2853, CEP 60020181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

* Corresponding author: saulofabricioagro@gmail.com

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

Alexandre Pio Viana

Figures (2)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Average monthly precipitation (mm) and average relative humidity (%) for the 14 years (2005−2019) of experiment in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará state, Brazil.

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Figure 2
Average number of fruits and fruit yield (kg per plant) of cupuassu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum) per year during 11 years in an experimental agroforestry system in consortium with Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophyla) progenies and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará state, Brazil.

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Table 1
Progeny ancestry, phenotypic value and genetic value of progenies for number of fruits per plant and harvest (N fruits), and fruit yield (kg per plant and harvest), and proportion of plants with witch’s broom disease (Moniliophthora perniciosa) symptoms of 25 cupuassu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum) progenies evaluated during 11 harvests in an experimental agroforestry system in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará state, Brazil. Values in bold indicate progenies ranked highest for both production variables according to BLUP.

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Table 2
Overall average values (mean ± SD), average values of selected individuals (mean ± SD) and estimation of genetic parameters for production variables (number of fruits per plant and fruit yield) of 25 cupuassu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum) progenies evaluated during 11 harvests in an experimental agroforestry system in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará state, Brazil.

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Table 3
Cupuassu tree genotypes (Theobroma grandiflorum) selected for clonal propagation during 11 harvests in an experimental agroforestry system in Tomé Açu (Pará state, Brazil) with 25 progenies. Values are presented for genotypic value, genetic gain and new mean for number of fruits per plant and harvest, and fruit yield (kg per plant and harvest).

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Table 4
Silvicultural performance of 48 Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophyla) matrices for total tree height (m), commercial height (m), canopy height (m); diameter at breast height - DBH (cm) and estimated commercial volume (m³) in the 14^th year in an experimental agroforestry system in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará state (Brazil). Bold values indicate individuals above the cutoff point.

Progeny	Ancestry	N fruits		Fruit yield		Plants affected by M. perniciosa (%)
Progeny	Ancestry	Phenotypic value	Genetic value	Phenotypic value	Genetic value	Plants affected by M. perniciosa (%)
1	186 x 286	9.4	9.8	12.7	13.7	53
4	174 x Sekó	12.6	12.5	15.9	16.0	47
5	186 x 184	14.5	14.1	20.7	19.9	20
6	174 x 184	13.2	12.9	21.2	20.2	58
8	186 x Parau	10.7	10.9	16.8	16.7	20
9	215 x 220	11.0	11.1	16.5	16.6	47
11	220 x 286	14.3	14.0	19.5	19.0	27
13	1074 x Parau	9.0	9.3	16.0	16.1	100
17	174 x 220	9.8	10.1	11.4	12.3	60
19	174 x 286	11.4	11.4	14.9	15.2	20
20	186 x 1074	9.5	9.8	14.8	15.2	53
21	186 x 215	105	10.7	15.7	15.9	20
22	174 x 1074	9.4	9.7	16.4	16.4	53
23	215 x Sekó	15.3	14.8	23.1	21.9	33
25	215 x 286	10.8	10.8	14.2	14.6	60
28	174 x 186	6.6	7.4	9.7	11.1	20
29	173 x 186	8.4	8.8	11.8	12.8	40
30	220 x Parau	10.0	10.2	15.2	15.5	60
36	174 x M45	17.0	16.3	22.7	21.7	60
37	186 x M138	15.8	15.2	18.0	17.8	40
38	215 x 554	9.9	10.1	13.8	14.4	67
40	174 x 554	8.1	8.5	11.5	12.4	40
43	220 x 12	13.9	13.6	20.2	19.5	100
49	174 x Hans 1	14.5	14.0	20.4	19.6	47
52	174 x 217	13.6	13.4	20.0	19.4	40
Média		11.6	11.6	16.5	16.5	47
C.V.		19.9%		23.8%		46.3%

Genetic parameter	N fruits/plant	Fruit yield (kg/plant)
Overall average	11.96 ± 2.83	16.92 ± 3.85
Selected individuals average	20.20 ± 5.87	29.90 ± 5.67
Genotypic variance	6.43	11.09
Between plots variance	0.04	0.06
Within plots variance	13.2	34.34
Phenotypic variance	19.68	45.5
Plot effects coefficient of determination	0.002	0.001
Selection accuracy	0.93	0.9
Adjusted heritability for the progeny mean	0.87	0.82
Additive heritability within the plot	0.48	0.32
Restricted sense heritability	0.65 ± 0.17	0.48 ± 0.15

Genotype	N fruits/plant			Fruits yield (kg/plant)
Genotype	Genotypic value	Genetic gain	New mean	Genotypic value	Genetic gain	New mean
52.3.1	22.9	12.3	23.9	29.7	13.2	29.7
23.3.1	16.0	6.4	18.0	28.4	12.5	29.0
23.3.2	15.3	5.7	17.2	26.1	10.6	27.1
11.4.2	19.4	9.8	21.4	24.2	9.8	26.4
5.1.3	14.2	4.8	16.4	23.8	9.5	26.1
37.1.1	22.0	11.7	23.3	22.6	8.7	25.2
52.2.2	14.1	4.7	16.3	22.4	8.1	24.6
5.3.1	16.5	7.0	18.5	21.8	7.6	24.2
37.2.1	24.8	13.3	24.8	21.1	6.8	23.4
11.4.3	15.3	5.8	17.4	21.0	6.8	23.3

Matrices	Total height (m)	Commercial height (m)	Canopy height (m)	DBH (cm)	Estimated commercial volume (m³)
1	14.7	3.4	11.3	26.4	0.178
2	14.6	5.1	9.5	29.9	0.309
3	16.1	5.9	10.2	30.3	0.351
4	15.4	4.2	11.2	35.7	0.385
5	11.7	4.2	7.5	21.7	0.137
6	12.2	4.4	7.8	29.0	0.260
7	16.6	5.2	11.4	36.9	0.484
9	16.3	3.7	12.6	37.6	0.391
12	17.6	4.7	12.9	39.5	0.516
13	15.1	5.9	9.2	27.4	0.286
14	15.0	4.2	10.8	29.6	0.262
15	15.5	3.8	11.7	31.9	0.283
16	12.4	5.4	7.0	35.7	0.463
17	16.9	3.6	13.3	33.8	0.307
18	18.1	4.2	13.9	38.2	0.444
19	15.9	4.1	11.8	33.1	0.325
20	14.4	4.4	10.0	23.6	0.169
21	15.9	4.6	11.3	28.3	0.256
22	16.3	4.5	11.8	27.7	0.240
24	16.5	5.2	11.3	33.8	0.402
25	16.1	4.5	11.6	37.3	0.443
27	11.3	3.0	8.3	35.7	0.301
28	16.0	3.8	12.2	35.4	0.352
29	13.8	5.8	8.0	30.3	0.347
30	15.0	4.0	11.0	28.3	0.231
32	18.7	5.2	13.5	31.5	0.349
34	15.5	4.6	10.9	30.9	0.306
35	19.4	4.7	14.7	32.5	0.345
37	17.5	4.6	12.9	32.8	0.346
38	13.6	4.4	9.2	32.8	0.335
39	14.9	3.7	11.2	26.1	0.184
40	14.9	5.8	9.1	24.8	0.231
43	13.1	4.9	8.2	33.8	0.385
44	15.9	5.1	10.8	32.2	0.358
45	15.5	6.4	9.1	30.3	0.373
46	14.8	6.2	8.6	30.9	0.380
47	17.8	4.9	12.9	41.7	0.596
48	16.8	4.7	12.1	28.7	0.266
Maximum	19.4	6.4	14.7	41.7	0.596
Minimum	11.3	3.0	7.0	21.7	0.137
Mean	15.5	4.7	10.8	31.7	0.331
SD	1.8	0.8	1.9	4.5	0.098
Cutoff point	17.3	5.5	12.7	36.2	0.429

[1] * Corresponding author: saulofabricioagro@gmail.com

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Simultaneous selection of cupuassu tree and Brazilian mahogany genotypes in an agroforestry system in Pará state, Brazil

Seleção simultânea de genótipos de cupuaçuzeiro e mogno brasileiro, em um sistema agroflorestal no Pará, Brasil

ABSTRACT