The neotropipcal species treated by Hardy (1966) in the subgenus Pipunculus(Pipunculus) latreille are revised and transfered to genus Cephalops Fallen, except P. (P.) ferepauculus Hardy that remains in the same genus and P.(P.) posticus Collin that belongs to Eudorylas Aczél. Cephalops is split into three distinct groups of species: groups of species: group brasiliensis: C. amapaensis, sp. n.; C. brasiliensis (Hardy), comb. n.; C. innitidus, sp. n.; C. inpaganus, sp.n.; C. nitidellus, sp.n.; C. paganus(Hardy), comb. n.; C. pallipes nitidus (Hardy), comb. n. et stat. n.; C. p. pallipes (Johnson), comb. n. et stat. n.; C. pauculus(Hardy), comb. n.; C. penepauculus (Hardy), comb. n.; C. varius phaetus (Hardy & Knowlton), comb. n.; group callistus; C. amembranosus, sp. n.; C. callistus (Hardy), comb. n.; C. limatus (Hardy), comb. n.; C. nigricoxa, sp. n.; C. nigrifrons, sp. n.; C. ponti, sp. n.; group latifrons: C. inermus (Hardy), comb. n.; C. latifrons (Hardy), comb. n.; C. ravilateralis (Hardy), comb. n.; C. transversalis, sp. n.; C. williamsi (Hardy), comb. n.; C. plaumanni (Hardy) is placed as a junior synonym of C. inermus (Hardy). A key to species, illustrations and distributions are presented.