The iron-titaniferous lateritic crust of the Vila Nova Colina and the lateritization in south of Roraima

ABSTRACT

Lateritic crusts developed upon the Guiana Shield basement rocks (e.g. granites of the Água Branca Intrusive Suite) was recognized in the Vila Nova Colina region, located in south Roraima state. The objectives of this work were to study the mineral and geochemical characteristics of lateritic crusts and to evaluate the relationship between them and the rocks of the region, in order to understand the evolution of laterization and provide information about the economic potential. This study comprises petrography, mineralogy and litogeochemical investigations of the granites, the quartz-hornblende gabbro and the lateritic crusts formed from these rocks. The granites and the quartz-hornblende gabbro has developed, respectively, a specific type of lateritic crust: (i) the ferruginous vermiform one with high amounts of kaolinite, goethite, hematite, magnetite and anatase, higher concentration of Al₂O₃, Sc, Th e Zr and, (ii) the iron-titaniferous massive one with high amounts of magnetite, hematite, maghemite, goethite, kaolinite, anatase, gibbsite and ilmenite, and consequently in higher amounts of Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, V e Cu. Each crust type indicates the effect of the lateritization in the south portion of Roraima and their topographic position. The higher topographic position of the massive crust (220 m), its mineral and geochemical composition, indicate the maturity (i.e. needed more time to be formed) and may represent a relict of an erosion phase in the region, probably associated with a subsidence of the Tacutu basin in the Miocene. Otherwise, the vermiform crust formed at a lower topographic position (140 m) with no gibbsite, suggests that it is younger than the massive one and represents the immature laterization of the Plio-Pleistocene.

Keywords:
Amazônia; ilmenite; anatase; magnetite; quartz-hornblende gabbro