Multi-element composition, physicochemical and pollen attributes of honeys from the Paraguaçu River (Bahia, Brazil) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES)

SANTOS JÚNIOR, ANÍBAL DE F.; BRANDÃO, GEOVANI C.; SANTOS JÚNIOR, MANOELITO C.; SANTOS, FRANCISCO A.R. DOS; MAGALHÃES, HEMERSON I.F.; KORN, MARIA GRAÇAS A.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020181196

ANÍBAL DE F. SANTOS JÚNIOR

Universidade do Estado da Bahia/UNEB, Departamento de Ciências da Vida/DCV, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, 41195-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil

Universidade do Estado da Bahia/UNEB, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra/DCET, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, 41195-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-0771

GEOVANI C. BRANDÃO

Universidade do Estado da Bahia/UNEB, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra/DCET, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, 41195-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-7802

MANOELITO C. SANTOS JÚNIOR

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-3529

FRANCISCO A.R. DOS SANTOS

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana/UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/DCBIO, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-3146

HEMERSON I.F. MAGALHÃES

Universidade Federal da Paraíba/UFPB, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/DCF, Campus Universitário, Cidade Universitária, s/n, Castelo Branco III, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-8712

MARIA GRAÇAS A. KORN

Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-6416

Correspondence to: Aníbal de F. Santos Júnior E-mail : afjunior@uneb.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

AFSJ, FARS and MGAK designed the study. MCSJ and FARS collected and processed the honey samples. AFSJ, GCB and MGAK carried out honey digests, analysis by ICP OES and multivariate analysis. AFSJ, GCB, MCSJ, HIFM, FARS and MGAK wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Element	Certified value ( μg g ^-1 )	Determined ( μg g ^-1 )	Recovery (%)
Cu	12.2 ± 0.60	12.3 ± 0.05	101
Mn	75.9 ± 1.90	75.6 ± 0.80	100
Zn	82.00 ± 3.00	83.7 ± 0.15	102
Element	Certified value (%)	Determined (%)	Recovery (%)
Ca	1.527 ± 0.041	1.472 ± 0.103	96
K	2.903 ± 0.052	2.603 ± 0.087	90
Na	1.818 ± 0.043	1.992 ± 0.244	110

ELEMENTS	LOD	LOQ
Al	0.004	0.011
Ba	0.009	0.024
Ca	3.096	10.77
Cd	0.008	0.027
Co	0.022	0.108
Cr	0.005	0.009
Cu	0.003	0.005
Fe	0.002	0.006
K	0.441	1.877
Mg	0.165	0.489
Mn	0.044	0.127
Na	1.983	5.971
Ni	0.002	0.005
Pb	0.003	0.006
Se	0.038	0.123
V	0.001	0.004
Zn	0.002	0.003

Elements	M1	M2
Al	16210	15651
Ca	24156	22598
Cd	5247	5009
Co	6543	6109
Cr	3857	3114
Cu	1247	1194
Fe	13578	12129
K	20504	19316
Mg	22149	21352
Mn	59475	54178
Na	206086	197106
Ni	3985	3497
Pb	2476	2225
Se	6453	6002
V	4517	4128
Zn	28741	25124

Sample	Main Types pollen	Lugol reaction	Lund reaction (mL)	Moisture (%)	Reducing sugars (%)	Free acidity (meq Kg^-1)
I	Syagrus coronata (PA) Vernonia sp. (PA)	Absent	1.2	<13.0	57.0	24.65
II	Syagrus coronata (PA) Herissatia sp. (PA)	Absent	1.5	13.0	39.4	43.95
III	Mimosa scabrella (PA)Vernonia sp. (PA)	Absent	1.8	17.6	58.8	42.10
IV	Type Asteraceae (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	Absent	2.2	17.6	59.4	45.50
V	Mimosa gemmulata (PA) Type Unidentified (PA)	Absent	0.9	<13.0	66.7	40.25
VI	Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	Absent	1.1	>20.8	58.0	28.85
VII	Piptadenia moniliformis (PD)	Absent	1.8	13.0	47.0	32.55
VIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	Absent	1.6	>20.8	55.0	26.50
IX	Syagrus coronata (PD)	Absent	1.1	20.8	69.8	29.85
X	Vernonia sp.(PD)	Absent	2.2	20.6	48.0	34.00
XI	Mimosa arenosa (PA)	Absent	1.7	<13	46.5	25.05
XII	Syagrus coronata (PA) Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	Absent	1.0	>20.8	47.0	30.70
XIII	Myrcia sp. (PD)	Absent	1.1	17.8	58.0	25.60
XIV	Syagrus coronata (PD)	Absent	0.9	19.6	50.5	26.65
XV	Syagrus coronata (PA) Eupatorium sp. (PA)	Absent	0.1	16.6	61.8	53.80
XVI	Mimosa arenosa (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	Absent	1.6	<13	55.0	27.42
XVII	Syagrus coronata (PD)	Absent	1.1	18.4	66.2	28.70
XVIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	Absent	1.8	18.0	50.5	30.00

Sample	Main Types pollen	Ca 396.847 nm	K 766.461 nm	Mg 279.553 nm	Na 589.592 nm
I	Syagrus coronata (PA) Vernonia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
II	Syagrus coronata (PA) Herissatia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
III	Mimosa scabrella (PA)Vernonia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
IV	Type Asteraceae (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	54.96 ± 1.18	723.23 ± 10.86	26.91 ± 0.27	16.95 ± 0.11
V	Mimosa gemmulata (PA) Type Unidentified (PA)	79.61 ± 1.03	683.87 ± 24.65	44.59 ± 2.43	85.39 ± 1.22
VI	Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	na	na	na	na
VII	Piptadenia moniliformis (PD)	32.77 ± 0.18	695.71 ± 3.99	12.46 ± 0.10	8.27 ± 0.19
VIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	na	na	na	na
IX	Syagrus coronata (PD)	62.95 ± 1.90	1214.98 ± 11.46	34.48 ± 0.45	73.22 ± 0.74
X	Vernonia sp.(PD)	39.83 ± 1.62	786.02 ± 33.50	17.29 ± 0.75	9.23 ± 0.67
XI	Mimosa arenosa (PA)	18.58 ± 6.18	366.74 ± 14.71	12.57 ± 4.45	9.94 ± 2.54
XII	Syagrus coronata (PA) Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	58.62 ± 1.35	694.33 ± 6.36	28.63 ± 0.16	16.38 ± 0.54
XIII	Myrcia sp. (PD)	45.34 ± 2.78	377.26 ± 24.11	18.42 ± 1.18	11.56 ± 1.25
XIV	Syagrus coronata (PD)	40.66 ± 2.15	768.39 ± 1.64	26.76 ± 0.07	26.84 ± 0.47
XV	Syagrus coronata (PA) Eupatorium sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
XVI	Mimosa arenosa (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	28.83 ± 2.21	385.67 ± 41.16	18.83 ± 1.58	15.35 ± 1.33
XVII	Syagrus coronata (PD)	42.22 ± 0.93	507.59 ± 2.16	21.57 ± 0.01	30.58 ± 0.81
XVIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	na	na	na	na

Sample	Main Pollen Types	Cu 327.395 nm	Fe 238.204 nm	Mn 257.610 nm	Zn 213.857 nm
I	Syagrus coronata (PA) Vernonia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
II	Syagrus coronata (PA) Herissatia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
III	Mimosa scabrella (PA)Vernonia sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
IV	Type Asteraceae (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	0.15 ± 0.05	4.22 ± 0.03	2.52 ± 0.04	0.14 ± 0.01
V	Mimosa gemmulata (PA) Type Unidentified (PA)	< 0.003	1.42 ± 0.02	1.48 ± 0.09	0.22 ± 0.03
VI	Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	na	na	na	na
VII	Piptadenia moniliformis (PD)	0.13 ± 0.04	1.38 ± 0.05	0.45 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01
VIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	na	na	na	na
IX	Syagrus coronata (PD)	0.06 ± 0.01	1.28 ± 0.03	1.18 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.04
X	Vernonia sp.(PD)	0.08 ± 0.01	3.40 ± 0.14	0.79 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.03
XI	Mimosa arenosa (PA)	0.12 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.09	0.78 ± 0.31	0.08 ± 0.06
XII	Syagrus coronata (PA) Mimosa gemmulata (PA)	0.51 ± 0.06	5.74 ± 0.19	1.47 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.02
XIII	Myrcia sp. (PD)	0.29 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.02
XIV	Syagrus coronata (PD)	0.09 ± 0.03	2.31 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.01
XV	Syagrus coronata (PA) Eupatorium sp. (PA)	na	na	na	na
XVI	Mimosa arenosa (PD) Mimosa scabrella (PA)	0.08 ± 0.01	1.27 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.08	0.30 ± 0.01
XVII	Syagrus coronata (PD)	0.06 ± 0.02	6.13 ± 0.09	1.57 ± 0.05	0.21 ± 0.06
XVIII	Mimosa arenosa (PD)	na	na	na	na

[1] Correspondence to: Aníbal de F. Santos Júnior E-mail : afjunior@uneb.br

Brasil

Brasil

Multi-element composition, physicochemical and pollen attributes of honeys from the Paraguaçu River (Bahia, Brazil) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES)

Abstract