First record of larvae of <i>Spiroxys</i> (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) parasitizing fishes in stream of the Caatinga domain

CARVALHO, MARIA NAIANE M. DE; SOUSA, WALLAS B.B. DE; SILVA, BRUNO A.F. DA; YAMADA, FÁBIO H.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200472

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ECOSYSTEMS • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 93 (suppl 3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200472 linkcopy

First record of larvae of Spiroxys (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) parasitizing fishes in stream of the Caatinga domain

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study is the first report of Spiroxys larvae parasitizing stomach and intestine of three fish species in stream of Caatinga domain, Northeast, Brazil. A total of 120 fish specimens, 40 of Astyanax bimaculatus, 40 of Hoplias malabaricus, and 40 of Hoplosternum littorale were examined for nematodes. A total of 633 specimens of Spiroxys larvae were recovered for the three fish species: 227 in A. bimaculatus (prevalence (%) = 48; mean abundance = 5.78 ± 1.78 (range = 0–70); and mean intensity = 11.95 ± 2.7 (range = 2–70)), 176 in H. malabaricus (prevalence (%) = 42.5; mean abundance = 4.40 ± 1.55 (range = 0–53); and mean intensity = 10.35 ± 2.38 (range = 2–53)) and 230 in H. littorale (prevalence (%) = 42.5; mean abundance = 5.75 ± 1.98 (range = 0–52); and mean intensity = 13.53 ± 3.04 (range = 1–52)). This study expands the range of the geographic distribution of nematodes of the genus Spiroxys and increase the list of hosts, as well as contributing to the knowledge of fish parasites biodiversity in Caatinga domain.

Key words
Freshwater fishes; nematodes; neotropical region; Salgado river basin

Host species	Locality	Country	References
Lepisosteiformes
Lepisosteidae
Atractosteus tropicus Gill, 1863	Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve	MEX	Bueno (2005)**
Characiformes
Characidae
Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860)	Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve and, Ayuquila River, respectively	MEX	Bueno (2005)**, Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2004)
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000	Parana River	BRA	Lizama et al. (2008)**
Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Vieira-Menezes et al. (2017)**
Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853)	Pánuco River Basin	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado (2008)**
Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819)	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Santos et al. (2009)*
Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Duarte et al. (2016)**
Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Santos et al. (2009)*
Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix & Agassiz, 1829	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Albuquerque (2009)**
Triportheus guentheri (Garman, 1890)	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Albuquerque (2009)**
Siluriformes
Callichthyidae
Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858)	Ribeira do Feijão Basin	BRA	Tozato (2011)**
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1758	Paraná River	BRA	Takemoto et al. (2009)**
Gymnotus sp. Linnaeus, 1758	Baía River	BRA	Isaac et al. (2004)**
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Poecilia butleri Jordânia, 1889	Ayuquila River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2004)**
Poecilia velifera (Regan, 1914)	Yucatan Peninsula	MEX	Moravec et al. (1995)**
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)	Lagos de várzea na Amazônia	BRA	Atroch (2016)**
Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006	São Francisco River Basin	BRA	Santos et al. (2009)*
Cichlasoma fenestratum (Günther, 1860)	Papaloapan River Basin	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2005)**
Cichlasoma grammodes Taylor & Miller, 1980	San Juan River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2011)**
Cichlasoma meeki Brind, 1918	Yucatan Peninsula	MEX	Moravec et al. (1995)**
Cichlasoma octofasciatum Regan, 1903	Papaloapan River Basin	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2005)**
Cichlasoma sp.	Papaloapan River Basin	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2005)**
Cichlasoma synspilum Hubbs, 1935	Laguna Payegua	MEX	Vidal-Martínez & Kennedy (2000)
Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther, 1862)	Yucatan Peninsula and Papaloapan River Basin and Lacantún River, respectively	MEX	Moravec et al. (1995) and Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2005) and Salgado-Maldonado et al. ( 2011)**
Nandopsis (Cichlasoma) istlanum	Ayuquila River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2004)**
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864)	Ayuquila River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2004)**
Oreochromis sp.	Papaloapan River Basin	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2005)**
Petenia splendida Günther, 1862	Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve	MEX	Bueno (2005)**
Vieja argentea (Allgayer 1991).	Lacantún River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2011)**
Vieja intermedia (Günther, 1862)	Lacantún River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2011)**
Eleotridae
Dormitator maculatus (Bloch, 1792)	Alvarado Lake	MEX	Moravec (1998)**
Mugiliformes
Mugilidae
Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft, 1834)	Ayuquila River	MEX	Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2004)**

Host species	P (%)	MI ± SE	Range	MA ± SE	Range	Site of infection
Astyanax bimaculatus	48	11.95 ± 2.7	2–70	5.78 ± 1.78	0–70	IC, E, I
Hoplosternum littorale	42.5	13.53 ± 3.04	1–52	5.75 ± 1.98	0–52	E, I
Hoplias malabaricus	42.5	10.35 ± 2.38	2–53	4.40 ± 1.55	0–53	IC, I

Characters	A. bimaculatus present study	H. littorale present study	H. malabaricus present study	A. fasciatus Vieira-Menezes et al. (2017)
Body ^L	2,308 (1,310–3,230)	2,136 (1,590–2,440)	1,980 (1,750–2,110)	2,145 (1,725–2,871)
Body^W	0.082 (0.060–0.110)	0.070 (0.070–0.090)	0.068 (0.050–0.080)	0.056 (0.043–0.069)
Muscular esophagus ^L	0.110 (0.070–0.170)	0.132 (0.080–0.170)	0.130 (0.110–0.160)	0.115 (0.080–0.150)
Glandular esophagus ^L	0.500 (0.380–0.710)	0.576 (0.480–0.750)	0.584 (0.450–0.660)	0.599 (0.212–0.818)
Pseudolabia	0.023 (0.020–0.030)	0.190 (0.010–0.020)	0.021 (0.020–0.030)	0.019 (0.018–0.021)
Nerve ring ^A	0.095 (0.070–0.120)	0.111 (0.080–0.130)	0.104 (0.090–0.120)	0.175
Excretory pore ^A	0.180	0.156 (0.130–0.170)	0.170 (0.140–0.220)	0.200 (0.175–0.228)
Tail	0.050 (0.040–0.080)	0.050 (0.040–0.070)	0.050 (0.040–0.060)	0.084 (0.063–0.118)
Deirids	0.260 (0.240–0.280)	*	0.270	0.325 (0.288–0.365)

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[tfnI] * Study that registered only Spiroxys sp. larvae in the host; ** Study considering Spiroxys sp. together with other parasites in the host.