Assessing rainfall erosivity indices through synthetic precipitation series and artificial neural networks

CECíLIO, ROBERTO A.; MOREIRA, MICHEL C.; PEZZOPANE, JOSé EDUARDO M.; PRUSKI, FERNANDO F.; FUKUNAGA, DANILO C.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201398012

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Agrarian Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 85 (04) • 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201398012 copy

Assessing rainfall erosivity indices through synthetic precipitation series and artificial neural networks

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The rainfall parameter that expresses the capacity to promote soil erosion is called rainfall erosivity (R), and is commonly represented by the indexes EI₃₀ and KE>25. The calculations of these indexes requires pluviographical records, that are difficult to obtain in Brazil. This paper describes the use of synthetic rainfall series to compute EI₃₀ and KE>25 in Espírito Santo State (Brazil). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were also developed to spatially interpolate R values in Espírito Santo. EI₃₀ and KE>25 indexes values were close to those calculated on a homogeneous area according to the similarity of rainfall distribution; indicating the applicability of the use of synthetic rainfall series to estimate the R factor. ANNs had a better performance than Inverse Distance Weighted and Kriging to spatially interpolate rainfall erosivity values in the State of Espírito Santo.

interpolation; rainfall generator; soil conservation; universal soil loss equation

Number	Station	Lat. (°)	Long. (°)	EI₃₀ (MJ.mm.h^–1.ha^–1.year^–1)			KE>25 (MJ.ha^–1.year^–1)
Number	Station	Lat. (°)	Long. (°)	WS	WM	Dif. (%)	WS	WM	Dif. (%)
1	Morro D'anta (Pedro Canário)	-18.30	-39.96	2,696	2,780	3.1	27	27	0.0
2	Conceição da Barra	-18.56	-39.75	5,675	5,843	3.0	57	56	1.8
3	Fazenda Viração	-18.42	-39.72	4,952	5,113	3.3	50	49	2.0
4	Fazenda Klabin	-18.23	-39.90	5,038	5,212	3.5	49	49	0.0
5	Barra Nova	-18.95	-39.76	6,944	7,133	2.7	71	71	0.0
6	Barra Seca	-18.98	-40.13	4,968	5,110	2.9	52	51	1.9
7	Fazenda Alegria	-18.52	-40.32	4,888	5,016	2.6	52	51	1.9
8	Itauninhas	-18.49	-40.09	4,501	4,639	3.1	47	46	2.1
9	Barra de São francisco	-18.75	-40.89	4,029	4,145	2.9	43	42	2.3
10	Mucurici	-18.08	-40.58	5,559	5,704	2.6	59	58	1.7
11	água Doce	-18.55	-40.98	5,248	5,398	2.9	56	55	1.8
12	Cedrolândia	-18.81	-40.69	4,613	4,745	2.9	49	49	0.0
13	Cotaxe	-18.19	-40.72	5,176	5,320	2.8	54	54	0.0
14	Fazenda Limoeiro	-18.15	-40.14	4,548	4,686	3.0	47	47	0.0
15	Ecoporanga	-18.37	-40.84	4,324	4,449	2.9	45	45	0.0
16	Joaçuba	-18.40	-40.69	6,434	6,602	2.6	69	69	0.0
17	Patrimônio Santa Luzia do Norte	-18.21	-40.60	4,571	4,697	2.8	49	48	2.0
18	Patrimônio XV	-18.49	-40.46	5,021	5,158	2.7	52	52	0.0
19	São João do Sobrado	-18.32	-40.41	3,729	3,832	2.8	40	40	0.0
20	Córrego da Boa Esperança	-18.70	-40.44	4,652	4,786	2.9	47	47	0.0
21	Mantenópolis	-18.91	-41.12	5,097	5,235	2.7	56	55	1.8
22	Santo Agostinho	-18.41	-41.04	2,123	2,254	6.2	6	5	16.7
23	Santa Cruz - litoral	-19.96	-40.15	4,541	4,681	3.1	47	46	2.1
24	Riacho	-19.75	-40.04	5,051	5,212	3.2	52	51	1.9
25	Valsugana Velha - montante	-19.95	-40.55	8,560	8,810	2.9	88	87	1.1
26	Novo Brasil	-19.24	-40.59	5,493	5,646	2.8	57	57	0.0
27	Santa Tereza - Museu de Biologia	-19.93	-40.60	5,138	5,302	3.2	53	52	1.9
28	Aracruz	-19.83	-40.27	4,914	5,070	3.2	49	49	0.0
29	Domingos Martins (DNOS)	-20.36	-40.66	6,928	7,151	3.2	70	69	1.4
30	Fazenda Jucuruaba	-20.42	-40.49	5,863	6,027	2.8	62	61	1.6
31	Alfredo Chaves (DNOS)	-20.63	-40.75	7,795	8,004	2.7	82	81	1.2
32	Guarapari (DNOS)	-20.65	-40.51	4,492	4,620	2.8	45	45	0.0
33	Iconha - montante	-20.78	-40.83	7,506	7,708	2.7	78	77	1.3
34	Usina Paineiras (DNOS)	-20.95	-40.95	5,006	5,167	3.2	51	50	2.0
35	Santa Maria do Jetibá (DNOS)	-20.03	-40.74	5,484	5,632	2.7	59	58	1.7
36	Garrafão (DNOS)	-20.14	-40.98	3,979	4,095	2.9	43	42	2.3
37	Anchieta (DNOS)	-20.80	-40.66	4,992	5,146	3.1	49	49	0.0
38	Santa Leopoldina (DNOS)	-20.10	-40.53	6,144	6,322	2.9	62	62	0.0
39	Matilde (DNOS)	-20.56	-40.81	8,357	8,598	2.9	2.9	87	1.1
40	Marechal Floriano (DNOS)	-20.41	-40.68	6,625	6,821	3.0	3.0	69	0.0
41	Rio Novo do Sul (DNOS)	-20.88	-40.94	7,657	7,867	2.7	2.7	78	0.0
42	Duas Bocas (DNOS)	-20.26	-40.48	3,892	3,988	2.5	2.5	40	0.0
43	Perobinha (DNOS)	-20.28	-40.78	3,986	4,120	3.4	3.4	41	0.0
44	Duas Barras (DNOS)	-20.73	-40.88	8,107	8,325	2.7	2.7	82	1.2
45	Cachoeira Suiça (DNOS)	-20.08	-40.61	5,687	5,867	3.2	3.2	58	0.0
46	Granja São Jerônimo (DNOS)	-20.38	-40.72	6,222	6,412	3.1	3.1	64	1.5
47	Ponta da Fruta	-20.52	-40.36	4,335	4,480	3.3	3.3	42	2.3
48	São Rafael	-20.30	-40.93	3,420	3,535	3.4	3.4	34	2.9
49	Córrego do Galo (DNOS)	-20.30	-40.67	5,061	5,235	3.4	3.4	51	0.0
50	Canaã	-20.38	-40.45	6,167	6,332	2.7	2.7	63	1.6
51	Atílio Vivacqua	-20.91	-41.20	4,955	5,099	2.9	2.9	52	0.0
52	Guaçuí	-20.77	-41.68	6,592	6,785	2.9	2.9	69	0.0
53	Castelo	-20.61	-41.20	5,649	5,816	3.0	3.0	59	1.7
54	Rive	-20.75	-41.47	6,584	6,773	2.9	2.9	69	1.4
55	Cachoeiro do Itapemirim (DNOS)	-20.85	-41.10	4,657	4,801	3.1	3.1	47	2.1
56	Jacigua (DNOS)	-20.70	-41.02	7,055	7,262	2.9	2.9	72	1.4
57	Conceição do Castelo (DNOS)	-20.35	-41.24	5,374	5,527	2.8	2.8	57	0.0
58	Muniz Freire (DNOS)	-20.45	-41.40	6,608	6,803	3.0	3.0	70	0.0
59	Iuna	-20.35	-41.54	5,099	5,247	2.9	2.9	53	1.9
60	Dores do Rio Preto	-20.69	-41.85	5,890	6,061	2.9	2.9	62	1.6
61	Fazenda Monte Alegre (DNOS)	-20.94	-41.40	6,067	6,250	3.0	3.0	63	1.6
62	Ibitirama (DNOS)	-20.54	-41.67	7,121	7,326	2.9	2.9	75	1.3
63	Santa Cruz - Caparão (DNOS)	-20.32	-41.70	6,732	6,929	2.9	2.9	71	0.0
64	Usina Fortaleza (DNOS)	-20.37	-41.41	6,632	6,823	2.9	2.9	71	0.0
65	Itaici	-20.53	-41.51	6,564	6,751	2.8	2.8	70	0.0
66	Arace (DNOS)	-20.37	-41.06	5,939	6,108	2.8	2.8	64	0.0
67	Burarama (DNOS)	-20.68	-41.35	9,643	9,885	2.5	2.5	104	1.0
68	Terra Corrida (DNOS)	-20.43	-41.48	7,010	7,212	2.9	2.9	75	0.0
69	Barra do Itapemirim (DNOS)	-21.01	-40.84	2,713	2,805	3.4	3.4	26	0.0
70	Ponte de Itabapoana	-21.21	-41.46	5,085	5,229	2.8	2.8	53	1.9
71	Mimoso do Sul (DNOS)	-21.06	-41.36	6,244	6,419	2.8	2.8	65	0.0
72	São José do Calçado	-21.04	-41.65	6,600	6,782	2.8	2.8	70	1.4
73	São José das Torres	-21.06	-41.24	7,246	7,450	2.8	2.8	74	1.3
	AVERAGE	-	-	-	-	3.0	-	-	1.1

MONTH	EI₃₀						KE>25
	F			WM			F			WM
	n₁	n₂	seasons	n₁	n₂	seasons	n₁	n₂	seasons	n₁	n₂	seasons
Jan.	1	4	50	3	2	100	4	4	200	4	5	200
Feb.	2	3	50	5	6	200	4	2	500	1	6	100
Mar.	3	2	50	5	4	100	2	4	200	3	3	50
Apr.	3	3	500	3	2	200	2	6	100	4	5	200
May	4	3	200	6	1	200	2	6	200	6	5	500
Jun.	6	3	100	2	3	500	4	1	500	6	3	500
Jul.	2	4	50	4	4	50	1	5	200	4	2	50
Aug.	1	6	100	6	4	500	6	2	500	6	1	200
Sep.	3	5	100	4	2	200	4	3	500	4	2	200
Oct.	6	5	500	5	6	100	1	3	100	3	3	200
Nov.	6	5	500	4	2	200	3	5	50	2	4	100
Dec.	5	6	500	3	2	500	4	1	50	3	3	500

Erosivity index	Period	d
Erosivity index	Period	ANN	IDW2	IDW3	KSPH	KEXP
EI₃₀ (WS)	Jan.	0.53	0.52	0.54	0.52	0.54
	Feb.	0.85	0.69	0.74	0.75	0.72
	Mar.	0.84	0.67	0.69	0.69	0.68
	Apr.	0.94	0.75	0.75	0.77	0.78
	May	0.90	0.76	0.78	0.78	0.78
	Jun.	0.55	0.75	0.74	0.76	0.76
	Jul.	0.92	0.51	0.51	0.52	0.52
	Aug.	0.88	0.61	0.60	0.65	0.65
	Sep.	0.96	0.65	0.65	0.69	0.69
	Oct.	0.54	0.45	0.44	0.47	0.47
	Nov.	0.82	0.41	0.39	0.43	0.44
	Dec.	0.77	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69
	Year	0.86	0.66	0.65	0.68	0.69
EI₃₀ (WM)	Jan.	0.83	0.52	0.54	0.52	0.55
	Feb.	0.85	0.70	0.74	0.76	0.73
	Mar.	0.91	0.67	0.69	0.69	0.68
	Apr.	0.94	0.75	0.75	0.77	0.78
	May	0.92	0.76	0.78	0.78	0.78
	Jun.	0.83	0.75	0.74	0.76	0.76
	Jul.	0.95	0.52	0.51	0.53	0.53
	Aug.	0.79	0.61	0.60	0.65	0.65
	Sep.	0.87	0.66	0.65	0.69	0.69
	Oct.	0.84	0.45	0.44	0.47	0.47
	Nov.	0.66	0.41	0.39	0.43	0.44
	Dec.	0.73	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69
	Year	0.86	0.66	0.65	0.68	0.69
KE>25 (WS)	Jan.	0.92	0.48	0.50	0.47	0.50
	Feb.	0.85	0.69	0.72	0.73	0.70
	Mar.	0.64	0.65	0.67	0.67	0.65
	Apr.	0.94	0.75	0.75	0.77	0.77
	May	0.85	0.75	0.75	0.76	0.77
	Jun.	0.61	0.73	0.72	0.74	0.74
	Jul.	0.38	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.11
	Aug.	0.96	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.80
	Sep.	0.95	0.52	0.52	0.53	0.54
	Oct.	0.76	0.45	0.44	0.48	0.49
	Nov.	0.80	0.39	0.38	0.42	0.42
	Dec.	0.88	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
	Year	0.85	0.67	0.67	0.70	0.70

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[1] Correspondence to: Roberto Avelino Cecílio E-mail: roberto.cecilio@ufes.br