Influence of creep feeder position on the behavior and performance of preweaning piglets and sows in a hot climate environment

OLIVEIRA, EWERSON S.; NASCIMENTO, ELAINE L.L.; LIMA, HELLEN K.S.; NEVES, JACQUELINE S.; DAMASCENO, JAMILLY G.; SILVA, JULIANA C.; OLIVEIRA, NATÁLIA C.; NASCIMENTO, PEDRO H.; OLIVEIRA, RAFAEL A.; ARAÚJO, VITOR O.; VIEIRA, MARIA F.A.; MONTEIRO, BRUNO M.; SCHINCKEL, ALLAN P.; GARBOSSA, CESAR A.P.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200248

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 93 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200248 copy

Influence of creep feeder position on the behavior and performance of preweaning piglets and sows in a hot climate environment

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The use of creep feeding for preweaning piglets is important to improve the performance of the piglets. The objective of this experiment was evaluate the effect of using or altering the position of piglet’s creep feeder during lactation on piglet’s performance and on behavior of piglets and sows kept in a hot climate environment. Forty-five sows and their litters at 10 days of lactation were randomly distributed into three treatments: front feeder (FF) - near the side of the sow’s head; back feeder (BF) - near the side of the rump of the sow; and no feeder (NF). All piglets were weighed individually to evaluate the average weight, weight gain and coefficient of variation of the weight. Behavior assessments of the piglets and sows were recorded in 3 period. At 15 and 21 d, piglets of the FF treatment were heavier (P ≤ 0.0001) than piglets of the other treatments. At 10-21d piglets of FF treatment had 76.2% less belly nosing behavior than the NF piglets (P=0.015). The treatments had no impact on behavior of the sows. The creep feeders positioned in the front of the farrowing crate increased piglet growth rate and decreased frequency of belly nosing behavior.

Key words
farrowing; feed intake; heat stress; management; pig; swine

Variable	Treatment						SEM	P value
Variable	Front feeder		Back feeder		No feeder		SEM	P value
N litters	15		15		15		-	-
N piglets	180		180		180		-	-
Body weight day 10, kg	2.897		2.895		2.894		0.037	0.985
Body weight day 15, kg	3.788	A	3.430	B	3.457	B	0.051	<0.0001
ADG 10-15 days, kg/day	0.178	A	0.107	B	0.113	B	0.010	<0.0001
Body weight day 21, kg	5.038	A	4.636	B	4.737	B	0.071	0.0001
ADG 10-21 days, kg/day	0.195	A	0.158	B	0.168	B	0.006	0.0001
ADFI 10-15 days, g/day	1.938	A	1.729	A	0.000	B	0.098	<0.0001
ADFI 10-21 days, g/day	2.156	A	2.006	A	0.000	B	0.086	<0.0001

Variable	Treatment						SEM	P value
Variable	Front feeder		Back feeder		No feeder		SEM	P value
Behaviour 10-11 days
Sleeping, %	43.92		46.83		46.18		3.67	0.341
Suckling, %	21.70		21.97		22.35		3.27	0.808
Comfort, %	3.45		3.73		4.20		1.72	0.701
At feeder, %	0.45	A	0.58	A	0.00	B	0.38	0.0007
At drinker, %	0.12		0.20		0.29		0.20	0.202
Belly Nosing, %	0.39		0.69		1.12		0.75	0.213
Playing, %	0.46		0.64		0.73		0.50	0.582
Agonistic, %	0.28		0.34		0.39		0.22	0.699
Ludic, %	0.14		0.29		0.28		0.30	0.229
Interaction, %	1.03		1.60		1.66		0.81	0.225
Standing, %	1.60		1.13		2.12		1.01	0.169
Agglomerated, %	19.73		15.70		15.58		4.83	0.135
Lying, %	3.11		3.00		2.75		1.06	0.948
Seated, %	0.36		0.27		0.44		0.25	0.525
Rooting, %	3.27		3.04		1.93		2.06	0.552
Behaviour 15-16 days
Sleeping, %	52.73		50.31		49.21		4.61	0.182
Suckling, %	22.00		24.44		23.78		3.80	0.428
Comfort, %	1.90		1.93		3.44		1.40	0.055
At feeder, %	0.74	A	0.80	A	0.00	B	0.49	0.0007
At drinker, %	0.29		0.29		0.36		0.25	0.623
Belly Nosing, %	0.21		0.62		0.79		0.73	0.307
Playing, %	0.52		0.65		0.68		0.49	0.597
Agonistic, %	0.33		0.47		0.49		0.38	0.463
Ludic, %	0.20		0.21		0.38		0.22	0.160
Interaction, %	1.38		1.58		1.88		0.97	0.694
Standing, %	1.01		0.46		1.41		1.01	0.178
Agglomerated, %	10.77		10.02		10.54		3.77	0.926
Lying, %	2.81		2.50		3.10		1.40	0.522
Seated, %	0.20		0.22		0.37		0.20	0.183
Rooting, %	4.91		5.51		3.58		2.26	0.242
Behaviour 20-21 days
Sleeping, %	57.04		55.71		52.31		5.87	0.639
Suckling, %	22.26		23.55		24.78		4.24	0.861
Comfort, %	1.80		1.55		4.03		2.04	0.117
At feeder, %	1.28	A	1.63	A	0.00	B	0.95	0.001
At drinker, %	0.28		0.24		0.31		0.21	0.948
Belly Nosing, %	0.20	B	0.45	AB	0.84	A	0.48	0.015
Playing, %	0.65		0.55		1.06		0.74	0.173
Agonistic, %	0.23		0.26		0.48		0.31	0.616
Ludic, %	0.12		0.18		0.32		0.22	0.090
Interaction, %	1.17		1.70		1.39		1.14	0.767
Standing, %	0.91		0.56		1.17		0.73	0.310
Agglomerated, %	4.19		4.73		5.58		3.14	0.830
Lying, %	3.12		2.67		3.36		1.17	0.331
Seated, %	0.49		0.19		0.38		0.50	0.610
Rooting, %	6.25		6.04		3.99		2.86	0.408

Variable	Treatment			SEM	P value
Variable	Front feeder	Back feeder	No feeder	SEM	P value
Behaviour 10-11 days
At drinker, %	3.78	3.16	4.12	2.50	0.751
At feeder, %	4.18	4.54	4.62	1.87	0.747
Stereotypes, %	0.13	0.43	0.80	0.89	0.596
Ventral recumbency, %	16.90	14.47	21.81	14.81	0.751
Lateral recumbency, %	73.19	75.59	66.57	14.76	0.410
Standing, %	1.81	1.81	2.09	1.00	0.768
Behaviour 15-16 days
At drinker, %	2.91	1.74	2.98	2.19	0.311
At feeder, %	4.64	4.40	3.66	1.42	0.545
Stereotypes, %	0.74	0.58	0.75	0.89	0.892
Ventral recumbency, %	17.23	16.54	23.26	15.58	0.634
Lateral recumbency, %	73.31	74.79	67.58	15.71	0.699
Standing, %	1.17	1.96	1.77	1.62	0.375
Behaviour 20-21 days
At drinker, %	3.62	3.82	4.13	2.29	0.891
At feeder, %	5.84	5.64	5.07	1.52	0.549
Stereotypes, %	0.26	0.18	0.75	0.48	0.363
Ventral recumbency, %	16.67	12.28	11.61	9.35	0.731
Lateral recumbency, %	71.55	76.52	77.25	10.12	0.664
Standing, %	2.06	1.56	1.20	1.49	0.872

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[1] Correspondence to: Maria de Fátima Araújo Vieira E-mail: fatima.vieira@ufra.edu.br