Spatial variation in the trophic category of fish assemblages in longitudinal stretches in a Neotropical reservoir

GARCIA, THIAGO D.; QUIRINO, BARBARA A.; JARDULI, LUCAS R.; CARVALHO, EDMIR D.; VIDOTTO-MAGNONI, ANA PAULA

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320220173

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ECOSYSTEMS • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220173 copy

Spatial variation in the trophic category of fish assemblages in longitudinal stretches in a Neotropical reservoir

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The spatial gradients created after the installation of large reservoirs produce a great diversity of biotopes, which affects the distribution and structuring of aquatic communities, mainly fish. Thus, we hypothesized that the fishes living in the lotic stretch (river zone, closest to the natural environment) of the reservoir would have lower overlap and higher niche breadth than fishes living in the lentic stretch. Samples were collected in six sections (lentic and lotic) of the Chavantes Reservoir, middle Paranapanema River. A total of 1478 individuals distributed in 13 species were sampled in both stretches. Many resources were acquired by species, and we observed that nine species present significant differences when comparing the two stretches. Furthermore, only \emph{Schizodon nasutus

Key words
Chavantes Reservoir; dam; guilds; River; trophic ecology

Site	Coordinates	Longitudinal zone	Environment description
Itararé River	23°35’11.2"S 49°36’22.9"W	lotic	The average width of 40 m and the average depth of 3.5 m. The riverbank is composed of areas of pastures and agricultural crops.
Verde River	23°33’38.9"S 49°32’10.9"W	lotic	The average width of 30 m and the average depth of 1.5 m. The riverbank is composed of areas of pastures and agricultural crops
Paranapanema River	23°08’03.3”S 49°26’14.6”W	lotic	The average width of 50 m is located upstream of the reservoir. The riverbank is composed of areas of pastures and agricultural crops.
Fartura	23°24’57.7"S 49°33’54.1"W	lentic	An approximately 4,000 m of area, it receives the influence of the Itararé River and strong winds, which favors the formation of waves that cause undermining and erosion in several points of the exposed banks. The riverbank comprises areas of pastures and agricultural crops and civil constructions.
Barragem	23°07’50.5"S 49°42’04.8"W	lentic	Depth between 50 and 80 m. This section is closer to the dam. The riverbank is dominated by The river bank is dominated by native semideciduous mesophyll forest.
Ribeirão Claro	23°14’28.9"S 49°39’45.5"W	lentic	Depth between 50 and 80 m. This section is closer to the dam. The riverbank comprises areas of pastures and agricultural crops and civil constructions.

Resources	lentic													Lotic
		A.lac	A.aff	Ast. lac	G. gul	G. car	H. mal	I. lab	L. amb	P. mac	P. squ	S. nas	S. mac	S. ins	A.lac	A.aff	Ast. lac	G. gul	G. car	H. mal	I. lab	L. amb	P. mac	P. squ	S. nas	S. mac	S. ins
	Insect
	Diptera (A)	-	-	0.66	-	-	-	0.21	0.04	0.01	*	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	0.02	-	*	0.1	*	0.01	-	-	-
	Diptera (T)	-	-	0.14	-	-	-	64.47	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Chironomidae (A)	*	0.88	0.81	0.01	12.55	*	0.01	17.08	14.55	0.01	*	*	*	*	0.7	1.71	-	11.67	0.02	53.16	18.98	19.83	*	*	*	*
	Ceratopogonidae (A)	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	0.01	-	0.01	-	0.01	-	-	-	-
	Chaoboridae (A)	-	-	0.86	-	-	-	-	-	0.05	*	-	0.01	-	-	-	0.02	-	*	-	*	-	-	0.01	-	-	-
	Lepdoptera (A)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	*	-	0.05	-	*	-	0.01	-	-	-	-
	Lepidoptera (T)	-	-	0.54	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.04	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-
	Trichoptera (A)	-	*	*	-	-	-	0.14	8.84	3.38	*	-	-	-	-	*	0.01	-	0.5	-	1.23	61.02	0.23	*	-	*	-
	Trichoptera (T)	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Coleoptera (A)	-	-	*	-	0.01	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.06	-	0.31	-	-	-	0.1	-	-	-	-
Coleoptera (T)	-	-	44.65	-	-	-	-	-	9.72	-	-	0.05	-	-	-	5.02	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-
Hymenoptera (T)	-	-	23.8	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	19.56	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-
Hemiptera (A)	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.4	-	0.03	0.4	-	-	0.04	0.04	-	-	-
Hemiptera (T)	-	-	1.55	-	-	-	-	-	0.05	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.72	-	*	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-
Ephemeroptera (A)	-	0.01	2.68	-	45.54	-	0.81	23.29	1.16	0.77	*	0.24	-	*	0.57	2.48	-	2.75	*	0.47	1.9	0.31	-	-	0.03	-
Ephemeroptera (T)	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Odonata (A)	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	3.15	1.79	-	*	-	-	-	0.03	0.34	3.04	0.3	0.95	-	2.5	0.12	-	0.01	-
Dermaptera (T)	-	-	0.22	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.06	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Bllataria (T)	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Thysanoptera (T)	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Orthoptera (T)	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Neuroptera (T)	-	-	*	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Isoptera (T)	-	-	1.05	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Psocoptera (T)	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	0.32	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Plecoptera (A)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Insect eggs	*	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	*	*	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	*	-	-	-	-
Other invertebrates
Cladocera	-	0.08	0.4	-	-	-	0.1	0.04	0.01	-	-	-	*	-	0.54	3.09	-	*	*	-	-	0.19	-	*	*	*
Copepoda	*	*	0.01	-	-	*	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	*	0.1	-	-	*	-	-	0.01	-	*	-	-
Ostracoda	-	*	-	-	-	-	3.24	0.09	0.46	-	-	-	*	-	*	0.04	-	*	-	2.18	0.07	0.04	-	-	-	*
Tecameba	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	0.04	-	-	-	0.02	0.02	*	-	-	-	*
Rotifera	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*
Decapoda	0.14	-	0.54	16.27	-	3.94	0.01	-	0.01	2.88	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	24.16	-	-	-
Gastropoda	-	*	2.18	-	5.2	-	0.01	9.92	5.79	*	*	*	*	-	-	0.57	-	73.7	-	*	0.26	43.66	2.99	-	-	-
Bivalvia	-	-	*	-	0.29	-	4	4.09	5.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	0.08	-	17.66	0.49	6.1	-	-	-	*
Mollusk	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	20.1	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-
Arachnida	*	*	*	-	-	-	*	0.32	0.04	-	*	-	*	-	-	0.04	-	*	-	*	0.01	0.01	-	-	-	-
Araneae	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hirudinea	-	-	-	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Resources	lentic													Lotic
	A.lac	A.aff	Ast. lac	G. gul	G. car	H. mal	I. lab	L. amb	P. mac	P. squ	S. nas	S. mac	S. ins	A.lac	A.aff	Ast. lac	G. gul	G. car	H. mal	I. lab	L. amb	P. mac	P. squ	S. nas	S. mac	S. ins
Fish	96.12	-	0.01	83.72	-	96.05	0.02	-	1.34	94.31	*	99.33	-	84.94	-	-	99.34	-	99.27	*	-	0.02	72.64	*	94.96	-
Fish eggs	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.13	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-
Fish scale	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	0.2	*	-	0.01	-	-	-	*	-	-	-	-	-	0.08	-	-	0.21	-
Plants
Superior plants	0.21	13.47	3.21	-	33.81	-	0.66	8.09	23.32	0.24	58.06	-	1.98	0.03	19.22	7.77	-	4.33	-	3.45	0.3	19.71	0.03	57.1	4.77	1.83
Seed	-	*	16.16	-	-	-	-	-	11.26	-	*	-	-	-	-	47.11	-	*	-	0.01	*	0.85	-	*	-	-
Macrophyte	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.28	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9.29	-	-
Algae
Algae	0.44	24.47	0.32	-	-	-	*	-	*	*	13.27	*	1.07	1.91	14.94	2.57	-	2.45	-	*	*	-	-	32.85	-	1.46
Others
Detritus	3.09	61.08	0.09	-	2.6	*	26.32	8.09	19.92	*	28.39	0.05	96.95	13.13	65.03	0.58	-	1.04	0.01	20.79	16.85	6.29	-	0.75	0.01	96.7

	PERMANOVA		PERMIDISP
Species	F	p	Lentic (DC)	Lotic (DC)	F	p
Acestrorhynchus lacustris	3.74	0.01	0.46	0.38	1.32	0.25
Apareiodon affinis	4.78	< 0.01	0.57	0.58	0.14	0.7
Astyanax lacustris	8.81	< 0.01	0.67	0.67	0.11	0.74
Galeocharax gulo	1.9	0.08	0.58	0.56	0.04	0.83
Gymnotus carapo	2.93	< 0.01	0.56	0.57	0.06	0.81
Hoplias malabaricus	0.4	0.93	0.57	0.58	0.01	0.93
Iheringichthys labrosus	2.49	0.02	0.52	0.5	0.21	0.64
Leporinus amblyrhynchus	1.08	0.34	0.53	0.52	0.01	0.93
Pimelodus maculatus	1.9	0.03	0.6	0.6	0.01	0.99
Plagioscion squamosissimus	4.64	< 0.01	0.63	0.63	0.06	0.8
Schizodon nasutus	5.62	< 0.01	0.56	0.64	9.64	< 0.01
Serrasalmus maculatus	0.88	0.51	0.61	0.61	0.04	0.83
Steindachnerina insculpta	11.24	< 0.01	0.27	0.38	19.05	< 0.01

Species	Lentic	Lotic
Acestrorhynchus lacustris	0.25	0.51
Apareiodon affinis	1.09	1.04
Astyanax lacustris	2.38	2.15
Galeocharax gulo	0.4	0.14
Gymnotus carapo	1.14	1.28
Hoplias malabaricus	0.35	0.15
Iheringichthys labrosus	1.2	1.55
Leporinus amblyrhynchus	1.75	1.1
Pimelodus maculatus	2.22	1.76
Plagioscion squamosissimus	0.34	0.89
Schizodon nasutus	1.17	1.09
Serrasalmus maculatus	0.23	0.3
Steindachnerina insculpta	0.21	0.24

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[1] Correspondence to: Thiago Deruza Garcia E-mail: thiago.deruza@hotmail.com