Antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity of two red seaweed species, <i>Amansia multifida</i> and <i>Meristiella echinocarpa</i>, from the coast of Northeastern Brazil

ALENCAR, DANIEL B. DE; SILVA, SUZETE R. DA; PIRES-CAVALCANTE, KELMA M.S.; LIMA, REBECA L. DE; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, FRANCISCO N.; SOUSA, MÁRCIA B. DE; VIANA, FRANCISCO A.; NAGANO, CELSO S.; NASCIMENTO, KYRIA S. DO; CAVADA, BENILDO S.; SAMPAIO, ALEXANDRE H.; SAKER-SAMPAIO, SILVANA

doi:10.1590/0001-37652014116312

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Biological Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 86 (1) • Mar 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652014116312 copy

Antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity of two red seaweed species, Amansia multifida and Meristiella echinocarpa, from the coast of Northeastern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Natural antioxidants found in marine macroalgae are bioactive compounds known to play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with aging cells protecting them against the oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of two species of red seaweeds, Amansia multifida and Meristiella echinocarpa. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay, β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay and total phenolic content (TPC) quantification. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the brine shrimp Artemia sp. lethality test. The TPC values observed in the present study indicated that both species A. multifida and M. echinocarpa are rich in phenolic compounds, reaching values of 45.40 and 28.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g⁻¹ of ethanolic extract, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating showed values of 60% and 17%, respectively. Both seaweed extracts inhibited β-carotene oxidation by approximately 40%. None of the algal extracts were potentially cytotoxic. The results have showed that extracts of both species of marine red algae exhibit antioxidant potential and low toxicity. They are sources of natural antioxidant compounds.

antioxidant; bioactive compounds; cytotoxic; phenolic compounds; Rhodophyta

Algae	Solvent	TPC (mg GAE g⁻¹ extract)	Reference
Phaeophyta
Alaria crassifolia	ethanol	7.21 ± 0.80	Airanthi et al. (2011)Airanthi MKWA, Hosokawa M and Miyashita K. 2011. Comparative antioxidant activity of edible Japanese brown seaweeds. J Food Sci 76: 104-111.
Dictyopteris australis	methanol	13.37 ± 0.14	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
D. delicatula	methanol	21.34 ± 0.43	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
Dictyota dichotoma	methanol	35.23 ± 5.65	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Eisenia bicyclis	ethanol	1.87 ± 0.70	Airanthi et al. (2011)Airanthi MKWA, Hosokawa M and Miyashita K. 2011. Comparative antioxidant activity of edible Japanese brown seaweeds. J Food Sci 76: 104-111.
Kjellmaniella crassifolia	ethanol	8.01 ± 0.78	Airanthi et al. (2011)Airanthi MKWA, Hosokawa M and Miyashita K. 2011. Comparative antioxidant activity of edible Japanese brown seaweeds. J Food Sci 76: 104-111.
Padina tetrastromatica	methanol	25.29 ± 0.44	Vinayk et al. (2011a)
Padina spp.	methanol	33.11 ± 3.96	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Sargassum marginatum	methanol	13.19 ± 0.32	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
Spatoglossum aspermum	methanol	14.13 ± 0.05	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
S. variable	methanol	14.85 ± 0.09	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
S. polycystum	methanol	45.16 ± 3.01	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Stoechospermum marginatum	methanol	20.04 ± 0.38	Vinayak et al. (2011a)Vinayak RC, Sabu SA and Chatterji A. 2011a. Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 1-9.
Chlorophyta
Caulerpa lentilifera	methanol	42.85 ± 1.22	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
C. peltata	methanol	38.93 ± 0.63	Vinayak et al. (2011b)Vinayak RC, Sudha SA and Chatterji A. 2011b. Bioscreening of a few green seaweeds from India for their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2471-2476.
Chlorophyta
C. taxifolia	methanol	24.09 ± 0.65	Vinayak et al. (2011b)Vinayak RC, Sudha SA and Chatterji A. 2011b. Bioscreening of a few green seaweeds from India for their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2471-2476.
C. racemosa	methanol	23.12 ± 0.49	Vinayak et al. (2011b)Vinayak RC, Sudha SA and Chatterji A. 2011b. Bioscreening of a few green seaweeds from India for their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2471-2476.
C. racemosa	methanol	40.36 ± 1.05	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Chlorodesmis fastigiata	methanol	7.32 ± 0.35	Vinayak et al. (2011b)Vinayak RC, Sudha SA and Chatterji A. 2011b. Bioscreening of a few green seaweeds from India for their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2471-2476.
Codium elongatum	methanol	7.41 ± 0.28	Vinayak et al. (2011b)Vinayak RC, Sudha SA and Chatterji A. 2011b. Bioscreening of a few green seaweeds from India for their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2471-2476.
Rhodophyta
Gracilaria birdie	ethanol	1.13 ± 0.03	Souza et al. (2011)Souza BWS, Cerqueira MA, Martins JT, Quintas MAC, Ferreira ACS, Teixeira JA and Vicente AA. 2011. Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coast. J Agr Food Chem 56: 5589-5594.
G. birdie	methanol	1.06 ± 0.07	Souza et al. (2011)Souza BWS, Cerqueira MA, Martins JT, Quintas MAC, Ferreira ACS, Teixeira JA and Vicente AA. 2011. Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coast. J Agr Food Chem 56: 5589-5594.
G. cornea	ethanol	0.88 ± 0.03	Souza et al. (2011)Souza BWS, Cerqueira MA, Martins JT, Quintas MAC, Ferreira ACS, Teixeira JA and Vicente AA. 2011. Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coast. J Agr Food Chem 56: 5589-5594.
G. cornea	methanol	0.89 ± 0.07	Souza et al. (2011)Souza BWS, Cerqueira MA, Martins JT, Quintas MAC, Ferreira ACS, Teixeira JA and Vicente AA. 2011. Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coast. J Agr Food Chem 56: 5589-5594.
Eucheuma cottonii	methanol	22.50 ± 2.78	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
E. spinosa	methanol	15.82 ± 1.24	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Halymenia durvillae	methanol	18.90 ± 1.03	Matanjun et al. (2008)Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Muhammad K and Ming CH. 2008. Antioxidant activities and phenolics content of eight species of seaweed from north Borneo. J Appl Phycol 20: 367-373.
Amansia multifida	ethanol	45.40 ± 2.99^a	present study
Meristiella echinocarpa	ethanol	28.46 ± 2.79^b	present study

Algae / Negative control	Concentration (µg mL⁻¹)	After 24 h	After 48 h
A. multifida	5	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	10	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	10.0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	50	3.3 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	16.7 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	100	6.8 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	36.7 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	500	66.7 ± 5.8^ Moderately cytotoxic;	73.3 ± 11.6^* ***** Highly cytotoxic.
M. echinocarpa	5	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	23.3 ± 15.3^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	10	13.3 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	23.3 ± 5.8^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;
	50	40.0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	80.0 ± 10.0^* ***** Highly cytotoxic.
	100	66.7 ± 11.6^ Moderately cytotoxic;	100 ± 0^* ***** Highly cytotoxic.
	500	90.0 ± 0^* ***** Highly cytotoxic.	100 ± 0^* ***** Highly cytotoxic.
Seawater	-	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;	0 ± 0^* * Non-cytotoxic activity;

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[1] Correspondence to: Daniel Barroso de Alencar E-mail: daniellpesca@gmail.com