The LLAMA Brazilian-Argentinian radiotelescope project: progress in Brazil and BRICS collaboration

We present briefly the LLAMA sub-mm radiotelescope, a joint project of Argentina and Brazil, being mounted in the Andes, Argentina, at 4800 m altitude. Here we focus on the activities that are going on mostly under the responsibility of Brazil, like the high frequency receivers, parts of the back-end and electronics, the optical system of the telescope to bring the radiation to the receivers, the equipment needed for the integration and verification phase (optical telescope and holography) and the computation system.The main scientific applications that are planned are dscribed. We also report on a joint program with BRICS countries approved in 2019, which will involve the use of LLAMA for testing high-frequency receivers.

Key words
LLAMA radiotelescope; sub-mm Astronomy; Argentinian-Brazillian project; Astrochemistry; VLBI

Authorship

JACQUES R.D. LÉPINE

Universidade de São Paulo, IAG, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, IAG, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-0313

ZULEMA ABRAHAM

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-1315

CARLOS GUILLERMO G. DE CASTRO

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930, Consolação, 01302-907 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Presbiteriana MackenzieBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930, Consolação, 01302-907 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-3582

JOAQUIM E.R. COSTA

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, DAS/INPE/MCTI, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas EspaciaisBrazilSão José dos Campos, SP, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, DAS/INPE/MCTI, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-4735

JUAN JOSE LARRARTE

Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Camino Gral. Belgrano Km 40 (Parque Pereyra Iraola), Berazategui, Prov. de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto Argentino de RadioastronomíaArgentinaProv. de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Camino Gral. Belgrano Km 40 (Parque Pereyra Iraola), Berazategui, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-8782

EMILIANO RASZTOCKY

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-7821

GUILLERMO GANCIO

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-3031

TANIA DOMINICI

Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MAST/MCTI), Rua General Bruce, 586, São Cristóvão, 20921-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MAST/MCTI)BrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilMuseu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MAST/MCTI), Rua General Bruce, 586, São Cristóvão, 20921-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-0925

PEDRO P.B. BEAKLINI

National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801, U.S.A.National Radio Astronomy ObservatoryU.S.A.Socorro, U.S.A.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801, U.S.A.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-1343

FATIMA S. CORRERA

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, trv. 3, nº 158, 05508-010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, trv. 3, nº 158, 05508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-088X

WESLEY BECCARO

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-2344

MARCOS AURELIO LUQUEZE

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-4069

ANTONIO VERRI

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-3408

DANILO CESAR ZANELLA

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-9062

JACOB KOOI

California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 155-44, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A.California Institute of TechnologyU.S.A.Pasadena, U.S.A.California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 155-44, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-0384

SJOERD T. TIMMER

Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Heyendaalseweg 135, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPPNetherlandsNijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Heyendaalseweg 135, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-9368

DANIELE A. RONSÓ

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-166X

CARLOS EDUARDO FERMINO

eFe Tecnologia, Av. Jorge Fernandes de Mattos, 311, Distrito Industrial VIII, 14808-162 Araraquara, SP, BrazileFe TecnologiaBrazilAraraquara, SP, BrazileFe Tecnologia, Av. Jorge Fernandes de Mattos, 311, Distrito Industrial VIII, 14808-162 Araraquara, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-0791

RICARDO FERNANDO LUIZ

Alfa Ferramentaria, Av. Brandina Saavedra Campani 441, Bairro Dist Industrial III, 14806-613 Araraquara, SP, BrazilAlfa FerramentariaBrazilAlfa Ferramentaria, SP, BrazilAlfa Ferramentaria, Av. Brandina Saavedra Campani 441, Bairro Dist Industrial III, 14806-613 Araraquara, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-109X

Correspondence to: Jacques Raymond Daniel Lépine E-mail: jacques.lepine@iag.usp.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

JRD Lepine and Z Abraham were PIs of the FAPESP LLAMA Project, GG Castro responsible for the software development,and D.Zanella the main software developper, JER Costa preparation of Solar LLAMA Science, JJ Larrarte management and electronic development, E. Rasztocky tests and laser alignement of NACOS, G.Gancio development of FI system and down-converter, T. Dominici management and responsible for optical telescope project, PP. Beaklini preparation of Holography measurements and LLAMA Science, FS Correra and W Beccaro, responsible for development of Holography project, M Luqueze and S Verri measurements of cooled receiver characteristics and mounting of prototype FI system in Leiden, J Kooi design of mm-wave “optical” system, ST Timmer software development, DA Ronsó designed, supervised construction and characterization of the horn of the Holografic transmitter, CE Fermino supervised the construction of NACOS system and of the control systems of the mirrors and calibration loads of NACOS, FL Ricardo, owner of the Alfa Ferramentaria, took the decisions on fabrication process of each mechanical component of NACOS.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
LLAMA will resemble this antenna, APEX, which is situated close to ALMA, and belongs to an European consortium.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
The Yoke Traverse, a piece of the antenna which had to be reconstructed by VERTEX due to an accident, arriving at the site of the observatory.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
The band 9 cartridge mounted receiver, ready to be introduced in the cryostat.The cartridge has three cold stages that operate in vacuum at temperatures of 4K, 20K and 90K, and room temperature, from top to bottom. The superconducting mixer, which down-converts the signal from the sky with a stable wave produced in a Local Oscillator to generate an Intermediate Frequency signal, is in the 4K stage at the top.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Schematic presentation of the NACOS system. On the right, the CAS system, that goes in the Cassegrain Cabin, just below the dish. The beam, in yellow, can be sent to one Nasmyth cabin or to the other. Here only one of the two NAS systems is presented, on the left side of the figure; it holds a cryostat containing cooled receivers.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
The NACOS system, in the Alfa factory at Araraquara.

Figure 1 LLAMA will resemble this antenna, APEX, which is situated close to ALMA, and belongs to an European consortium.

Figure 2 The Yoke Traverse, a piece of the antenna which had to be reconstructed by VERTEX due to an accident, arriving at the site of the observatory.

Figure 3 The band 9 cartridge mounted receiver, ready to be introduced in the cryostat.The cartridge has three cold stages that operate in vacuum at temperatures of 4K, 20K and 90K, and room temperature, from top to bottom. The superconducting mixer, which down-converts the signal from the sky with a stable wave produced in a Local Oscillator to generate an Intermediate Frequency signal, is in the 4K stage at the top.

Figure 4 Schematic presentation of the NACOS system. On the right, the CAS system, that goes in the Cassegrain Cabin, just below the dish. The beam, in yellow, can be sent to one Nasmyth cabin or to the other. Here only one of the two NAS systems is presented, on the left side of the figure; it holds a cryostat containing cooled receivers.

Figure 5 The NACOS system, in the Alfa factory at Araraquara.

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10.1590/0001-3765202120200846e

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The LLAMA Brazilian-Argentinian radiotelescope project: progress in Brazil and BRICS collaboration

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[1] Correspondence to: Jacques Raymond Daniel Lépine E-mail: jacques.lepine@iag.usp.br