Effects of Homogenization and Heat Treatment of Milk with Different Fat Content on Physical Properties of Ayran

YALÇIN, SELDA; ERGIN, FIRUZE; KÜÇÜKÇETIN, AHMET

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200517

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ENGINEERING SCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 93 (suppl 3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200517 copy

Effects of Homogenization and Heat Treatment of Milk with Different Fat Content on Physical Properties of Ayran

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this research, the effects of different homogenization pressure levels (15, 40, 15/3 and 40/8 MPa) and heat treatments (95°C for 90 s and 300 s) of milk containing 1.5 and 2.5% of fat on some physical properties of ayran were investigated during storage at 4°C for 30 days. The individual effects of fat content of milk, homogenization, heat treatment, and storage period on the syneresis, apparent viscosity, consistency constant and thixotropy values of the ayran samples were statistically significant. Based on the results of rheological analysis, the power law model was more appropriate for all ayran samples.

Key words
Ayran; fat content; heat treatment; homogenization; physical properties

Contituents (%)	Milk with 1.5% fat	Milk with 2.5% fat
Non-fat milk solids	6.56±0.03	5.60±0.01
Fat	1.48±0.01	2.45±0.05
Protein	2.41±0.01	2.06±0.02
Ash	0.60±0.02	0.53±0.03

Fat content (%)	D[4,3] (μm)	D[3,2] (μm)	Specific surface area (m²g^-1)
1.5	2.12±1.60 b^a	0.92±0.95 b	9.10±3.94 a
2.5	2.49±1.58 a	1.44±0.91 a	7.26±3.89 b
Homogenization (MPa)
Non-homogenized	5.40±0.14 a	2.87±0.08 a	2.35±0.05 e
15	2.22±0.37 b	1.29±0.73 b	5.52±2.70 d
40	1.23±0.10 d	0.53±0.14 d	10.55±0.48 b
15/3	1.63±0.29 c	0.79±0.28 c	9.56±0.12 c
40/8	1.06±0.08 e	0.42±0.11 e	12.93±1.48 a

	Syneresis (%)	Apparent viscosity (mPa s)	Flow behaviour index (n)	Consistency constant (Pa sⁿ)	Thixotropy (Pa s^-1)
Fat content
1.5 %	13.48±8.70 a^a	150.01±47.70b	0.33±0.03a	0.77±0.18b	968.57±207.51b
2.5 %	12.33±8.15b	185.98±54.92a	0.32±0.01a	1.19±0.20a	1214.14±223.97a
Homogenization
Control	18.58±9.86a	114.38±29.21e	0.35±0.02a	0.79±0.27e	840.26±171.48e
15 MPa	12.69±7.69b	137.43±37.94b	0.34±0.02ab	0.88±0.25d	964.81±166.34d
40 MPa	11.15±7.14d	179.45±40.39d	0.32±0.03ab	1.05±0.27b	1201.78±177.67c
15/3 MPa	11.87±7.54c	172.34±30.23c	0.33±0.02ab	1.01±0.27c	1097.06±164.33b
40/8 MPa	10.25±7.02e	236.39±37.02e	0.29±0.02b	1.15±0.20a	1352.87±181.96a
Heat treatment
95°C, 90 s	13.53±8.67a	147.12±49.04b	0.33±0.03a	0.88±0.26b	1025.20±235.98b
95°C, 300 s	12.28±8.18b	188.87±51.60a	0.32±0.02a	1.07±0.28a	1157.51±242.76a
Storage time
1^st day	2.59±1.56c	185.67±54.96a	0.31±0.03b	1.05±0.27a	1198.79±235.13a
15^th day	14.81±4.01b	171.87±52.83b	0.32±0.02ab	0.99±0.28b	1095.73±230.60b
30^th day	21.32±3.86a	146.45±48.00c	0.35±0.03a	0.89±0.28c	979.55±229.21c

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[1] Correspondence to: Ahmet Kücükcetin E-mail: kucukcetin@akdeniz.edu.tr