Genotoxic and Genoprotective Potential of Black Mulberry (<i>Morus nigra</i>) Fruit

YILMAZ, SERKAN; UÇAR, ASLI; GÖKTAŞ, BAYRAM

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920190337

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Biological Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 91 (04) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920190337 copy

Genotoxic and Genoprotective Potential of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) Fruit

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract: Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) belongs to Moraceae family. The present study evaluated the possible genotoxic and/or protective activities of black mulberry fruit juice (BMFJ), in vitro, using mitomycin C (MMC) as a positive control, by chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus assays. Human lymphocytes were treated with BMFJ concentrations alone (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 dilutions), pretreatment (49h) (0.20 μg/ml MMC+ 1/1 BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/2 diluted BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/4 diluted BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/8 diluted BMFJ) and simultaneous-treatment (48h) (0.20 μg/ml MMC+ 1/1 BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/2 diluted BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/4 diluted BMFJ, 0.20 μg/ml MMC+1/8 diluted BMFJ). The in vitro results demonstrated that BMFJ showed no genotoxicity, but it significantly decreased chromosomal aberration and micronucleus frequency induced by MMC. Our results showed that all concentrations of BMFJ revealed no genotoxicity but protective activity against genomic changes induced by anti-tumor agent MMC in human lymphocytes. Protective effects of BMFJ on MMC induced chromosomal damages most probably due to its free radical scavenging activity.

Key words
Black mulberry; chromosomal aberrations; micronucleus; genotoxicity; anti-genotoxicity

Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit content
Vitamin C (mg 100 g^-1 fw)	11.302 ± 0.241
Total Antioxidant Capacity (µmol TE g⁻¹ fw)	13.999 ± 0.008
Gallic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.150 ± 0.003
Catechin (mg g⁻¹fw)	0.075 ± 0.000
Chlorogenic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	3.106 ± 0.004
Caffeic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.131 ± 0.001
Syringic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.103 ± 0.000
p-Coumaric acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.129 ± 0.002
Ferulic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.064 ± 0.001
o-Coumaric acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.134 ± 0.001
Phloridzin (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.031 ± 0.001
Protocatechuic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.017 ± 0.000
Vanilic acid (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.036 ± 0.002
Rutin (mg g⁻¹ fw)	1.423 ± 0.036
Quercetin (mg g⁻¹ fw)	0.113 ± 0.021

Test substance	Treatment		Aberrations							Abnormal cell± SE (%)	CA/Cell± SE
Test substance	Period (hour)	Dose(μg/ml+dilution)	ctb	csb	f	scu	dic	cte	p	Abnormal cell± SE (%)	CA/Cell± SE
Negative Control MMC BMF		0.00	3	1	2	2	-	-	-	2.00±0.70	0.002±0.002
	48	0.20	68	21	12	7	14	16	-	30.00±2.29	0.345±0.023
	48	1/1	2	2	3	5	1	-	1	3.50±0.92	0.035±0.009
	48	1/2	4	-	1	3	-	-	-	2.00±0.70	0.020±0.007
		1/4	1	1	2	1	-	-	-	1.25±0.56	0.020±0.007
		1/8	2	2	-	3	-	-	-	1.75±0.66	0.018±0.007
MMC+BMFJ (pre-treatment)		0.20+1/1	23	7	-	8	5	6	1	11.75±1.61**	0.125±0.017**
	49	0.20+1/2	29	11	3	7	8	5	-	15.00±1.79**	0.158±0.018**
		0.20+1/4	42	10	8	-	6	9	-	17.50±1.90**	0.188±0.020**
		0.20+1/8	53	6	5	6	7	11	1	21.25±2.05**	0.223±0.021**
MMC+BMFJ (simultaneous-treatment)		0.20+1/1	31	11	6	-	3	9	-	15.00±1.79**	0.150±0.018**
	48	0.20+1/2	26	6	7	12	5	12	2	17.50±1.90**	0.175±0.019**
		0.20+1/4	44	9	9	19	7	9	-	22.75±2.10*	0.243±0.021*
		0.20+1/8	49	12	9	11	8	15	-	24.50±2.15*	0.260±0.022*

Test substance	Treatment		Binucleated cells (BN)scored	Distribution of BN cells according to the no. of MN				MN(%)
Test substance	Period (hour)	Dose(μg/ml+dilution)	Binucleated cells (BN)scored	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	MN(%)
Negative Control MMC BMFJ		0.00	4000	10	-	-	-	0.25±0.0070
	48	0.20	4000	43	6	2	1	1.63±0.0003
	48	1/1	4000	7	-	-	-	0.18±0.0060
	48	1/2	4000	8	-	-	-	0.20±0.0063
		1/4	4000	7	1	-	-	0.23±0.0067
		1/8	4000	11	1	-	-	0.33±0.0074
MMC+BMFJ (pre-treatment)		0.20+1/1	4000	16	-	-	-	0.40±0.0077***
	49	0.20+1/2	4000	23	-	-	-	0.58±0.0078***
		0.20+1/4	4000	20	2	-	-	0.60±0.0077***
		0.20+1/8	4000	32	1	1	-	0.93±0.0040*
MMC+BMFJ (simultaneous-treatment)		0.20+1/1	4000	16	1	-	-	0.45±0.0078***
	48	0.20+1/2	4000	22	1	-	-	0.60±0.0077***
		0.20+1/4	4000	28	1	1	-	0.83±0.0060**
		0.20+1/8	4000	40	-	1	1	1.18±0.0073

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[1] Correspondence to: Serkan Yilmaz E-mail: serkanyilmaz@ankara.edu.tr ORCid: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-9475