Efeito do estresse hídrico na germinação e crescimento inicial de três espécies de leguminosas

Santarém, Eliane Romanato; Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S; Silveira, Tânia Sales da; Ferreira, Alfredo Gui

doi:10.1590/S0102-33061996000200002

Resumos

Sementes de Senna macranthera, S. multijuga e Mimosa bimucronata foram submetidas a diferentes potenciais osmóticos simulados com PEG 6000 (0; -0,15; -0,49; -1,03 MPa) com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do estresse hídrico na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas. Os potenciais osmóticos de -0,15 e -0,49MPa causaram um retardo de 12, 24 e 48 horas no início da germinação de M. bimucronata, S. multijuga e S. macranthera, respectivamente. Em todas as espécies, a germinabilidade final das sementes submetidas ao Ψ = -0,49MPa foi reduzida e nenhuma semente germinou em solução de Ψ = -1,03MPa. Estes resultados indicam um limite de tolerância entre os potenciais -0,49 e -1,03MPa. Plântulas de S. macranthera mostraram-se mais sensíveis ao estresse hídrico, reduzindo comprimentos de parte aérea e radícula à medida que os potenciais osmóticos tornavam-se mais negativos. Plântulas de S. multijuga e M. bimucronata apresentaram um aumento no comprimento médio da radícula em solução de Ψ= -0,15MPa. Houve redução do peso seco das plântulas a partir do Ψ = -0,49MPa para as 3 espécies testadas.

estresse hídrico; PEG 6000; germinação; Leguminosae; plântulas

Seeds of Senna macranthera, S. multijuga e Mimosa bimucronata were submitted to different osmotic potentials using PEG 6000 (0; -0.15; -0.49 and -1.03MPa). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic stress on germinability and initial growth of seedlings. Water stress of -0.15 and -0.49MPa increased the time required for germination in 12, 24 and 48 hours for M.bimucronata, S. multijuga and S. macranthera, respectively. All species showed a reduced germinability in the Ψ = -1.03MPa. Such results suggest a limit of tolerance between the osmotic potentials of -0.49 and -1.03MPa. Senna macranthera seedlings were more sensitive to osmotic stress, reducing shoot and radicle elongation when levels of external water stress were increased. Senna multijuga and M. bimucronata increased the radicle lenght at Ψ = -0.15MPa. Reduction of fresh weight was observed for all levels of osmotic stress in all species.

water stress; PEG 6000; germination; Leguminosae; seedlings

Efeito do estresse hídrico na germinação e crescimento inicial de três espécies de leguminosas

Water stress effect on germination and initial growth of three Leguminosae species

Eliane Romanato Santarém^I; Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez^I; Tânia Sales da Silveira^I; Alfredo Gui Ferreira^II

^IMestre em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

^IIProfessor Titular do Depart. de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre - RS, CEP 90040-060, Brasil

RESUMO

Sementes de Senna macranthera, S. multijuga e Mimosa bimucronata foram submetidas a diferentes potenciais osmóticos simulados com PEG 6000 (0; -0,15; -0,49; -1,03 MPa) com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do estresse hídrico na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas. Os potenciais osmóticos de -0,15 e -0,49MPa causaram um retardo de 12, 24 e 48 horas no início da germinação de M. bimucronata, S. multijuga e S. macranthera, respectivamente. Em todas as espécies, a germinabilidade final das sementes submetidas ao Ψ = -0,49MPa foi reduzida e nenhuma semente germinou em solução de Ψ = -1,03MPa. Estes resultados indicam um limite de tolerância entre os potenciais -0,49 e -1,03MPa. Plântulas de S. macranthera mostraram-se mais sensíveis ao estresse hídrico, reduzindo comprimentos de parte aérea e radícula à medida que os potenciais osmóticos tornavam-se mais negativos. Plântulas de S. multijuga e M. bimucronata apresentaram um aumento no comprimento médio da radícula em solução de Ψ = -0,15MPa. Houve redução do peso seco das plântulas a partir do Ψ = -0,49MPa para as 3 espécies testadas.

Palavras-chaves: estresse hídrico, PEG 6000, germinação, Leguminosae, plântulas.

ABSTRACT

Seeds of Senna macranthera, S. multijuga e Mimosa bimucronata were submitted to different osmotic potentials using PEG 6000 (0; -0.15; -0.49 and -1.03MPa). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic stress on germinability and initial growth of seedlings. Water stress of -0.15 and -0.49MPa increased the time required for germination in 12, 24 and 48 hours for M.bimucronata, S. multijuga and S. macranthera, respectively. All species showed a reduced germinability in the Ψ = -1.03MPa. Such results suggest a limit of tolerance between the osmotic potentials of -0.49 and -1.03MPa. Senna macranthera seedlings were more sensitive to osmotic stress, reducing shoot and radicle elongation when levels of external water stress were increased. Senna multijuga and M. bimucronata increased the radicle lenght at Ψ = -0.15MPa. Reduction of fresh weight was observed for all levels of osmotic stress in all species.

Key words: water stress, PEG 6000. germination, Leguminosae, seedlings.

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Agradecimentos

À Dr.ª Lúcia Dillenburg pela leitura crítica do manuscrito.

Referências bibliográficas

Black, A.R. & El Hadi, F.M. 1992. Presouring treatments of Acacia senegal seed: germination and growth. Trap. Agric. 69: 15-20.

Blake, T.J. 1993. Transplanting shock in white spruce; effect of cold storage and root pruning on water relations and stomatal conditioning. Physiol. Plant. 57: 210-216.

Cordero, R.A.S. & Di Stéfano, J.F.G. 1991. Efecto del estrés osmótico sobre la g ción de semillas de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 39: 107-110.

Ferreira, A.G., 1976, Germinação de sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC) OK (maricá) - Efeito da escarificação e do pH. Ciência e Cultura 28: 1200-1204.

Hadas, A. 1976. Water uptake & germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. J. Exp. Bot. 27: 480-489.

Hadas, A. & Russo, D. 1974. Water uptake by seeds as affected by water stress, capillary condutivity and seed-soil water contact. I- Experimental study. Agron. J. 66: 643-647.

Hardegree, S.P. & Emmerich, W.E. 1990. Effect of polyethylene glycol exclusion on the water potential of solution saturated filter paper. Plant. Physiol. 92: 462-466.

Labouriau, L.F.G. 1983. A germinação de sementes. Ed. Sec. Org. dos Estados Unidos, Washington, D.C. 174 p.

Materechera, S.A.; Dexter, A.R.; Alston, A.M. & Kirby, J.M. 1992. Growth of seedling roots in response to external osmotic stress by polyethylene glycol 20,000. Plant and Soil 143: 85-91.

McIntyre, G.I. 1987. The role of water in the regulation of plant development. Can. J. Bot. 65: 1287-1298.

Michel, B.E. & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51: 914-916.

Palit, P. & Bhattacharyya, A.C., 1981, Germination and water uptake of jute seeds under water stress. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 19: 848-852.

Roundy, B.A.; Young, J.A. & Evans, R.A. 1989 Seedling growth of three great wild rye colletions at reduced osmotic potential. Agric. Ecos. and Envir. 25: 245-251.

Reitz, R.; Klein, R.M. & Reis, A. 1988. Projeto Madeira do Rio Grande do Sul. CORAG, Porto Alegre. 525p.

Rizzini, C.T. & Mors, W.B. 1976. Botânica Econômica Brasileira. EDUSP, São Paulo. 207 p.

Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. FREEMAN W.H. & Co.,San Francisco. 859 p.

Spollen, W.G. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Spatial distribution of turgor and root growth of low water potential. Plant Physiol. 96: 438-443.

Spyropoulos, C.G. 1986. Osmoregulation, growth and sucrose accumulation in germinated Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seed treated with polyethylene glycol. Physiol. Plant. 68: 129-135.

Tan, W.; Blake, T.J. & Boyle, T.J.B. 1992. Drought tolerance in faster and slower growing spruce (Picea mariana) progenies: II- Osmotic adjustment and changes of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids under osmotic stress. Physiol. Plant. 84: 645-651.

Taylor, A.G.; Motes, J.E. & Kirkham, M.B. 1982. Germination and seedling growth characteristics of three tomato species affected by water deficits. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107: 282-285.

Taylorson, R.V. 1986. Water stress - Induced germination of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds. Weed Sci. 34: 871-875.

Voetberg, G,S. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Growth of maize primary root at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 96: 1125-1130.

Recebido em 6/3/95.

Aceito em 29/5/96.

Black, A.R. & El Hadi, F.M. 1992. Presouring treatments of Acacia senegal seed: germination and growth. Trap. Agric. 69: 15-20.
Blake, T.J. 1993. Transplanting shock in white spruce; effect of cold storage and root pruning on water relations and stomatal conditioning. Physiol. Plant. 57: 210-216.
Ferreira, A.G., 1976, Germinação de sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC) OK (maricá) - Efeito da escarificação e do pH. Ciência e Cultura 28: 1200-1204.
Hadas, A. 1976. Water uptake & germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. J. Exp. Bot. 27: 480-489.
Hadas, A. & Russo, D. 1974. Water uptake by seeds as affected by water stress, capillary condutivity and seed-soil water contact. I- Experimental study. Agron. J. 66: 643-647.
Hardegree, S.P. & Emmerich, W.E. 1990. Effect of polyethylene glycol exclusion on the water potential of solution saturated filter paper. Plant. Physiol. 92: 462-466.
Labouriau, L.F.G. 1983. A germinação de sementes. Ed. Sec. Org. dos Estados Unidos, Washington, D.C. 174 p.
Materechera, S.A.; Dexter, A.R.; Alston, A.M. & Kirby, J.M. 1992. Growth of seedling roots in response to external osmotic stress by polyethylene glycol 20,000. Plant and Soil 143: 85-91.
McIntyre, G.I. 1987. The role of water in the regulation of plant development. Can. J. Bot. 65: 1287-1298.
Michel, B.E. & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51: 914-916.
Palit, P. & Bhattacharyya, A.C., 1981, Germination and water uptake of jute seeds under water stress. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 19: 848-852.
Roundy, B.A.; Young, J.A. & Evans, R.A. 1989 Seedling growth of three great wild rye colletions at reduced osmotic potential. Agric. Ecos. and Envir. 25: 245-251.
Reitz, R.; Klein, R.M. & Reis, A. 1988. Projeto Madeira do Rio Grande do Sul. CORAG, Porto Alegre. 525p.
Rizzini, C.T. & Mors, W.B. 1976. Botânica Econômica Brasileira. EDUSP, São Paulo. 207 p.
Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. FREEMAN W.H. & Co.,San Francisco. 859 p.
Spollen, W.G. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Spatial distribution of turgor and root growth of low water potential. Plant Physiol. 96: 438-443.
Spyropoulos, C.G. 1986. Osmoregulation, growth and sucrose accumulation in germinated Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seed treated with polyethylene glycol. Physiol. Plant. 68: 129-135.
Tan, W.; Blake, T.J. & Boyle, T.J.B. 1992. Drought tolerance in faster and slower growing spruce (Picea mariana) progenies: II- Osmotic adjustment and changes of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids under osmotic stress. Physiol. Plant. 84: 645-651.
Taylor, A.G.; Motes, J.E. & Kirkham, M.B. 1982. Germination and seedling growth characteristics of three tomato species affected by water deficits. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107: 282-285.
Taylorson, R.V. 1986. Water stress - Induced germination of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds. Weed Sci. 34: 871-875.
Voetberg, G,S. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Growth of maize primary root at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 96: 1125-1130.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
14 Out 2011
Data do Fascículo
Dez 1996

Histórico

Aceito
29 Maio 1996
Recebido
06 Mar 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Black, A.R. & El Hadi, F.M. 1992. Presouring treatments of Acacia senegal seed: germination and growth. Trap. Agric. 69: 15-20.

[2] Blake, T.J. 1993. Transplanting shock in white spruce; effect of cold storage and root pruning on water relations and stomatal conditioning. Physiol. Plant. 57: 210-216.

[4] Ferreira, A.G., 1976, Germinação de sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC) OK (maricá) - Efeito da escarificação e do pH. Ciência e Cultura 28: 1200-1204.

[5] Hadas, A. 1976. Water uptake & germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. J. Exp. Bot. 27: 480-489.

[6] Hadas, A. & Russo, D. 1974. Water uptake by seeds as affected by water stress, capillary condutivity and seed-soil water contact. I- Experimental study. Agron. J. 66: 643-647.

[7] Hardegree, S.P. & Emmerich, W.E. 1990. Effect of polyethylene glycol exclusion on the water potential of solution saturated filter paper. Plant. Physiol. 92: 462-466.

[8] Labouriau, L.F.G. 1983. A germinação de sementes. Ed. Sec. Org. dos Estados Unidos, Washington, D.C. 174 p.

[9] Materechera, S.A.; Dexter, A.R.; Alston, A.M. & Kirby, J.M. 1992. Growth of seedling roots in response to external osmotic stress by polyethylene glycol 20,000. Plant and Soil 143: 85-91.

[10] McIntyre, G.I. 1987. The role of water in the regulation of plant development. Can. J. Bot. 65: 1287-1298.

[11] Michel, B.E. & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51: 914-916.

[12] Palit, P. & Bhattacharyya, A.C., 1981, Germination and water uptake of jute seeds under water stress. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 19: 848-852.

[13] Roundy, B.A.; Young, J.A. & Evans, R.A. 1989 Seedling growth of three great wild rye colletions at reduced osmotic potential. Agric. Ecos. and Envir. 25: 245-251.

[14] Reitz, R.; Klein, R.M. & Reis, A. 1988. Projeto Madeira do Rio Grande do Sul. CORAG, Porto Alegre. 525p.

[15] Rizzini, C.T. & Mors, W.B. 1976. Botânica Econômica Brasileira. EDUSP, São Paulo. 207 p.

[16] Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. FREEMAN W.H. & Co.,San Francisco. 859 p.

[17] Spollen, W.G. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Spatial distribution of turgor and root growth of low water potential. Plant Physiol. 96: 438-443.

[18] Spyropoulos, C.G. 1986. Osmoregulation, growth and sucrose accumulation in germinated Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seed treated with polyethylene glycol. Physiol. Plant. 68: 129-135.

[19] Tan, W.; Blake, T.J. & Boyle, T.J.B. 1992. Drought tolerance in faster and slower growing spruce (Picea mariana) progenies: II- Osmotic adjustment and changes of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids under osmotic stress. Physiol. Plant. 84: 645-651.

[20] Taylor, A.G.; Motes, J.E. & Kirkham, M.B. 1982. Germination and seedling growth characteristics of three tomato species affected by water deficits. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107: 282-285.

[21] Taylorson, R.V. 1986. Water stress - Induced germination of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds. Weed Sci. 34: 871-875.

[22] Voetberg, G,S. & Sharp, R.E. 1991. Growth of maize primary root at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 96: 1125-1130.