Seasonality affects the community of endophytic fungi in coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) crop leaves

Oliveira, Rafael José Vilela de; Sousa, Natalia Mirelly Ferreira de; Pinto Neto, Walter de Paula; Bezerra, José Luiz; Silva, Gladstone Alves da; Cavalcanti, Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz

doi:10.1590/0102-33062020abb0106

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Article • Acta Bot. Bras. 34 (4) • Oct-Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0106 copy

Seasonality affects the community of endophytic fungi in coconut (Cocos nucifera) crop leaves

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The diversity of endophytic fungi in healthy coconut palm leaves (Cocos nucifera) was assessed by analyzing fungal isolates from three coconut cultivars (yellow dwarf, green dwarf, and a hybrid cultivar PB121) used agriculturally in Brazil. The influence of season (rainy or dry) on the endophytic fungal community was also analyzed. Overall, 318 fungal isolates were obtained from 972 coconut leaf fragments. The rDNA ITS region was sequenced from representative species of the isolated endophytic fungi and the most common species identified were Nigrospora oryzae, Pestalotiopsis sp., and Zasmidium musae. The alpha diversity of the endophytic fungi was also calculated. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant seasonal effects on the composition of the endophyte community. However, practically no influence was observed on the fungal communities for the different cultivars of coconut.

Keywords:
Arecaceae; coconut palm; Cocos nucifera; endophytic fungi; internal transcribed

Species	Yellow dwarf D/R	Green dwarf D/R	Hybrid PB121 D/R	Total number of isolates D/R	Total Ra (%)	GenBank accession number	Order	BLAST match (GenBank accession number and species name)	Id (%)
Alternaria sp.	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	MK508801	Pleosporales	MH865506, Alternaria burnsii	100
Arthrinium sp.	0/0	0/1	0/0	0/1	0.31	MK508790	Xylariales	NR_120274, Arthrinium xenocordella	97.2
Ascotricha sp.	0/1	2/0	0/0	2/1	0.94	MK508791	Xylariales	MF380809, Ascotricha sinuosa	100
Aureobasidium sp.	1/0	0/0	3/1	4/1	1.57	MK508797	Dothideales	MT119460, Aureobasidium melanogenum	100
Cercospora apii	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	MK508802	Capnodiales	NR_147294, Cercospora musigena	100
Cladosporium dominicanum	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	KJ000287*	Capnodiales	MF472970, Cladosporium dominicanum	100
Cladosporium sp.	3/4	3/7	1/1	7/12	5.97	MK508793	Capnodiales	MH864840, Cladosporium tenuissimum	100
Curvularia sp.	0/0	1/1	0/0	1/1	0.62	MK508794	Pleosporales	MH857943, Curvularia fallax	100
Diaporthe sp. 1	0/0	0/0	1/0	1/0	0.31	MK508808	Diaporthales	NR_111841, Diaporthe anacardii	97.7
Diaporthe sp. 2	0/1	1/0	1/0	2/1	0.94	MK508809	Diaporthales	NR_111843, Diaporthe arengae	99.8
Diaporthe sp. 3	0/0	0/0	1/0	1/0	0.31	MK508810	Diaporthales	MK432965, Diaporthe endophytica	100
Diaporthe sp. 4	1/0	0/0	0/0	1/0	0.31	MK508811	Diaporthales	MK650376, Diaporthe sp.	99.8
Fusarium sp. 1	0/0	0/7	0/0	0/7	2.20	MK508807	Hypocreales	MK611678, Fusarium proliferatum	100
Gelasinospora sp.	0/0	1/0	0/0	1/0	0.31	MK508817	Sordariales	MH856623, Gelasinospora retispora	99.3
Nectria pseudotrichia	0/0	0/0	0/1	0/1	0.31	MK508803	Hypocreales	MK047644, Nectria pseudotrichia	98.3
Nigrospora sp.	5/12	20/11	8/15	33/38	22.32	MK508792	Trichosphaeriales	MN341462, Nigrospora lacticolonia	99.7
Occultifur externus	1/0	1/0	0/0	2/0	0.62	MK508800	Cystobasidiales	KY104389, Occultifur externus	100
Paraphaeosphaeria arecacearum	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	MK508804	Pleosporales	NR_145166, Paraphaeosphaeria arecacearum	100
Penicillium sp.	1/0	0/2	0/8	1/10	3.45	MK508805	Eurotiales	MH864240, Penicillium citrinum	100
Pestalotiopsis sp.	0/12	1/7	0/18	1/40	12.57	MK508806	Amphisphaeriales	NR_147553, Pestalotiopsis papuana	100
Phaeosphaeria nodulispora	0/0	1/0	0/0	1/0	0.31	KR092904*	Pleosporales	KR092904, Phaeosphaeria nodulispora	100
Phyllosticta capitalensis	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	MK508796	Botryosphaeriales	MH865128, Phyllosticta capitalensis	100
Pseudozyma hubeiensis	0/0	0/5	0/1	0/6	1.88	MK508798	Ustilaginales	KY828936, Pseudozyma hubeiensis	99.8
Purpureocillium lilacinus	0/0	0/0	1/3	1/3	1.25	MK508812	Hypocreales	MN634691, Purpureocillium lilacinum	99.8
Pyrenochaetopsis indica	0/0	0/0	1/0	1/0	0.31	MK508813	Pleosporales	NR_160058, Pyrenochaetopsis indica	100
Pyrenochaetopsis microspora	0/0	0/0	0/3	0/3	0.94	MK508814	Pleosporales	NR_160059, Pyrenochaetopsis microspora	100
Radulidium apiculatum	0/0	1/0	0/0	1/0	0.31	MK508815	incertae sedis	KC986372, Ramichloridium apiculatum	99.6
Sarocladium sp.	1/0	0/1	0/0	1/1	0.62	MK508816	Hypocreales	NR_145044, Sarocladium bactrocephalum	99
Symmetrospora marina	1/0	0/0	0/0	1/0	0.31	MK508799	incertae sedis	NR_073272, Symmetrospora marina	98.4
Syncephalastrum racemosum	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/1	0.31	-	Mucorales	-	-
Xylaria sp.	0/0	0/0	1/0	1/0	0.31	-	Xylariales	-	-
Zasmidium musae	10/12	17/15	52/17	79/44	38.67	MK508818	Capnodiales	EU514291, Stenella musae	99.7
Total	24/48	50/56	74/66	148/170	100

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[1] * Corresponding author: rafaelvilela87@gmail.com