Alimentary Habits, Physical Activity, and Framingham Global
               Risk Score in Metabolic Syndrome

Soares, Thays Soliman; Piovesan, Carla Haas; Gustavo, Andréia da Silva; Macagnan, Fabrício Edler; Bodanese, Luiz Carlos; Feoli, Ana Maria Pandolfo

doi:10.5935/abc.20140029

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Original Articles • Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 102 (4) • 29 Apr 2014 • https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20140029 copy

Alimentary Habits, Physical Activity, and Framingham Global Risk Score in Metabolic Syndrome

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Background:

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors. A healthy lifestyle is strongly related to improve Quality of Life and interfere positively in the control of risk factors presented in this condition.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of a program of lifestyle modification on the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Profile in subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

Methods:

A sub-analysis study of a randomized clinical trial controlled blind that lasted three months. Participants were randomized into four groups: dietary intervention + placebo (DIP), dietary intervention + supplementation of omega 3 (fish oil 3 g/day) (DIS3), dietary intervention + placebo + physical activity (DIPE) and dietary intervention + physical activity + supplementation of omega 3 (DIS3PE). The general cardiovascular risk profile of each individual was calculated before and after the intervention.

Results:

The study included 70 subjects. Evaluating the score between the pre and post intervention yielded a significant value (p < 0.001). We obtained a reduction for intermediate risk in 25.7% of subjects. After intervention, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) on cardiovascular age, this being more significant in groups DIP (5.2%) and DIPE (5.3%).

Conclusion:

Proposed interventions produced beneficial effects for reducing cardiovascular risk score. This study emphasizes the importance of lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Food habits; Cardiovascular diseases; Lifestyle; Exercise; Probability; Risk factors; Metabolic x Syndrome

Characteristics	DIP	DIPE	DIS3	DIS3PE
Age#	51.6 ± 13.4	50.8 ± 13.7	52 ± 12.5	51 ± 14.7
Weight#	81.6 ± 21.5	84.7 ± 23.6	88.78 ± 22.7	90.3 ± 24.9
Height#	1.60 ± 0.1	1.60 ± 0.2	1.61 ± 0.2	1.60 ± 0.2
BMI#	32.8 ± 8.1	32.3 ± 8.9	34.1 ± 7.9	33.5 ± 8.6
AC#	104.0 ± 24.7	102.2 ± 26.4	109.9 ± 25.3	108.1 ± 27.2
TG¶	199.6 ± 126.3	194.5 ± 96.3	193.8 ± 93.2	198.6 ± 76.3
HDL¶	47.3 ± 14.1	45.7 ± 15.7	44.65 ± 14.9	40.8 ± 12.3
Glucose	95.1 ± 23.1	112.9 ± 69.0	111.75 ± 41.4	110.1 ± 33.3
SAP#	134.4 ± 35.1	131.1 ± 36.6	130.2 ± 31.7	131.6 ± 36.3
DAP#	85.3 ± 21.2	84.3 ± 22.4	83.9 ± 23.1	78.2 ± 20.3

Variables	Bivariate					Multivariate
	Gro ups				p between groups	p time e ffect//	p group effect¶	p Interaction effect#
	DIP(n = 18)	DIPE (n = 15)	DIS3 (n = 20)	DIS3PE (n = 17)	p between groups	p time e ffect//	p group effect¶	p Interaction effect#
OCRS
Before	13.4 ± 2.3	12.4 ± 2.1	13.3 ± 1.8	14.3 ± 2.1	0.784‡	0.001	0,957	0,770
After	10.5 ± 1.7	11.2 ± 2.3	11.4 ± 1.5	11.9 ± 1,8	0.881§	0.001	0,957	0,770
p intra†	0.034	0.427	0.082	0,029
ΔOCRS	2.9	1.2	1.9	2.4
% ΔOCRS	21.6	9.7	14.3	16.8
VA
Before	67.9 ± 3.4	67.6 ± 3.3	68.1 ± 3.4	69.5 ± 4.1	0.802‡	0.003	0.962	0.966
After	64.4 ± 3.4	64.0 ± 3.9	65.6 ± 3.2	66.9 ± 4.1	0.772§	0.003	0.962	0.966
p intra†	0.151	0.055	0.199	0.183
ΔVA	3.5	3.6	2.5	2.6
% ΔVA	5.2	5.3	3.7	3.9

Variables	Bivariate				Multivariate
	Groups				p between groups	p time effect//	p group effect¶	p interaction effect#
	DIP (n = 18)	DIPE (n = 15)	DIS3 (n = 20)	DIS3PE (n = 17)	p between groups	p time effect//	p group effect¶	p interaction effect#
TC
Before	233.9 ± 12.3	227.5 ± 13.6	223.8 ± 11,7	213.1 ± 12.7	0.064‡	0.032	0.995	0.130
After	203.9 ± 11.4	212.2 ± 12.5	215.6 ± 10.8	219.2 ± 11.8	0.056§	0.032	0.995	0.130
p intra†	0.089	0.070	0.100	0.554
ΔCT	30.0	15.3	8.2	6.1
% ΔCT	12.8	6.7	3.7	2.9
HDL women
Before	48.5 ± 2.2	48.1 ± 3.2	48.6 ± 3.1	44.1 ± 2.4	0.321‡	0.077	0.973	0.495
After	47.0 ± 3.1	45.0 ± 2.1	46.2 ± 2.3	48.6 ± 3.4	0.755§	0.077	0.973	0.495
p intra†	0.507	0.348	0.157	0.074
ΔHDL women	1.5	3.1	2.4	4.5
% ΔHDL women	3.1	6.4	4.9	10.2
HDL men
Before	43.0 ± 6.5	36.0 ± 3.5	37.3 ± 3.7	34.8 ± 2.1	0.212‡	0.047	0.659	0.484
After	40.0 ± 4.8	32.7 ± 0.3	36.0 ± 3.1	40.8 ± 8.3	0.145§	0.047	0.659	0.484
p intra†	0.431	0.477	0.921	0.021
ΔHDL men	3.0	3.3	1.3	6.0
% ΔHDL men	7.0	9.2	3.5	17.2

Variables	Bivariate				Multiva riate
	Groups				p between groups	p time effect//	p group effect¶	p interaction effect#
	DIP(n = 18)	DIPE (n = 15)	DIS3 (n = 20)	DIS3PE (n = 17)	p between groups	p time effect//	p group effect¶	p interaction effect#
Glucose
Before	95.1 ± 8.9	112.8 ± 9.7	111.7 ± 8.4	110.1 ± 9.1	0.087‡	0.002	0.385	0.562
After	90.6 ± 4.3	95.1 ± 4.7	100.1 ± 4.1	101.7 ± 4.4	0.112§	0.002	0.385	0.562
p intra†	0.042	0.192	0.040	0.009
Δ glucose	4.5	17.7	11.6	8.4
% Δglucose	4.7	15.7	10.4	7.6
SAP
Before	134.4 ± 3.8	131.1 ± 4.2	130.2 ± 3.6	131.6 ± 3.9	0.667‡	0.001	0.702	0.935
After	127.0 ± 2.9	122.4 ± 3.2	123.4 ± 2.8	126.7 ± 3.0	0.702§	0.001	0.702	0.935
p intra†	0.075	0.070	0.091	0.281
ΔSAP	7.4	8.7	6.8	4.9
% ΔSAP	5.5	6.6	5.2	3.7
AC women
Before	102.2 ± 1.5	101.7 ± 2.5	108.1 ± 2.6	107.2 ± 1.9	0.357‡	<0.001	0.233	0.017
After	100.1 ± 1.7	97.1 ± 2.8	103.2 ± 3.0	99.8 ± 2.3	0.102§	<0.001	0.233	0.017
p intra†	0.016	0.005	0.004	<0.001
ΔCA women	2.1	4.6	4.9	7.4
% ΔAC women	2.1	4.5	4.5	6.9
AC men
Before	110.6 ± 5.4	104.3 ± 2.2	113.6 ± 2.6	109.7 ± 1.9	0.202‡	<0.001	0.413	0.974
After	103.2 ± 6.1	98.7 ± 3.8	107.1 ± 9.7	103.2 ± 1.8	0.285§	<0.001	0.413	0.974
p intra†	0.068	0.196	0.020	0.005
ΔAC men	7.4	5.6	6.5	6.5
% ΔAC men	6.7	5.4	5.7	5.9

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[1] Mailing Address: Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutrição e Fisioterapia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga, 6.681, prédio 12. Postal Code 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: anamariafeoli@hotmail.com.